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Protopithecus
''Protopithecus'' is an extinct genus of large New World monkey that lived during the Pleistocene. Fossils have been found in the Toca da Boa Vista cave of Brazil, as well as other locales in the country. Fossils of another large, but less robust ateline monkey, ''Caipora'', were also discovered in Toca da Boa Vista. History Fossils of primates from the New World were unknown for many years despite the large quantities of megafauna fossils that had been found by Europeans since the 1700s. In July 1836, a left proximal femur ( UZM 1623) and a right distal humerus (UZM 3530) were collected by Danish paleontologist Peter Wilhelm Lund, who is commonly hailed as the founder of Brazilian paleontology, from the limestone cave of Lapo de Periperi. Lapo de Periperi is part of the cave networks of Lagoa Santa, Brazil that bear many fossils dating to the Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene. The humerus and femur were both found in the same cavern but not the exact same site, however they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartelles
''Cartelles'' is an extinct genus of New World monkey. Fossils of this species were found in Bahia, Brazil within the Toca da Boa Vista caves, and were originally described as belonging to another extinct Atelidae genus, ''Protopithecus''. Description ''Cartelles'' was a very large monkey, and is considered the largest member of its family to have ever existed, at a weight of up to . Unlike most living New World Monkeys, ''Cartelles'' probably spent a good deal of its time on the ground, though it was also as proficient in arboreal locomotion as its smaller living relatives. It lived as recently as 15,000 BP. Fossils of ''Cartelles'' were found in 1992 and were originally assigned to the genus ''Protopithecus''. However, subsequent re-examination of its skeleton have showed many distinct cranial and postcranial features. Elements of the skull indicate that its closest living relatives are howler monkeys, and it is considered a member of the subfamily Alouattinae Howler mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catonyx
''Catonyx'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Scelidotheriidae, endemic to South America during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. It lived from 2.5 Ma to about 10,000 years ago, existing for approximately . The most recent date obtained is about 9600 B.P. Description This animal, like many other terrestrial sloths, was of conspicuous size and mighty build. It had to reach and exceed 4 meters in length, and the skull alone was at least 50 centimeters long. Its weight has been estimated at over 1500 kg. The snout of ''Catonyx'' was elongated, although not as in some similar forms (e.g., ''Scelidotherium''). Unlike the latter, ''Catonyx'' possessed shorter premaxillae that formed a triangular (and not rectangular like ''Scelidotherium'') snout tip, a pronounced rostrum bulge, a palate equipped with a median groove, and larger teeth. In addition, the mandibular symphysis was elongated and elevated, and the posterior lobe of the lower fourth molar was more curve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caipora (mammal)
''Caipora'' is an extinct genus of large New World monkey that lived during the Pleistocene. It contains a single species, ''Caipora bambuiorum''. Fossils have been found only in Brazil's Toca da Boa Vista cave, alongside the larger ''Protopithecus''. The presence of these two large arboreal monkeys in Bahia suggests that the region may have supported a dense forest during the Late Pleistocene. Taxonomy ''Caipora bambuiorum'' is known from an almost complete skeleton of a late-stage subadult individual discovered in the Toca da Boa Vista cave in 1992, by the spelaeological team Grupo Bambui de Pesquisas Espeleologicas. Its generic name is derived from caipora, a figure in Brazilian folklore, while the specific name was given in honour of the Grupo Bambui. Description ''Caipora'' was a large-bodied monkey: despite the subadult age of the type specimen, its postcranial skeleton is more robust than any living New World monkey, but not as robust as ''Protopithecus'', and the individ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caipora Bambuiorum
''Caipora'' is an extinct genus of large New World monkey that lived during the Pleistocene. It contains a single species, ''Caipora bambuiorum''. Fossils have been found only in Brazil's Toca da Boa Vista cave, alongside the larger ''Protopithecus''. The presence of these two large arboreal monkeys in Bahia suggests that the region may have supported a dense forest during the Late Pleistocene. Taxonomy ''Caipora bambuiorum'' is known from an almost complete skeleton of a late-stage subadult individual discovered in the Toca da Boa Vista cave in 1992, by the spelaeological team Grupo Bambui de Pesquisas Espeleologicas. Its generic name is derived from caipora, a figure in Brazilian folklore, while the specific name was given in honour of the Grupo Bambui. Description ''Caipora'' was a large-bodied monkey: despite the subadult age of the type specimen, its postcranial skeleton is more robust than any living New World monkey, but not as robust as ''Protopithecus'', and the individ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Pleistocene
The Late Pleistocene is an unofficial Age (geology), age in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, also known as Upper Pleistocene from a Stratigraphy, stratigraphic perspective. It is intended to be the fourth division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently defined as the time between c. 129,000 and c. 11,700 years ago. The Late Pleistocene equates to the proposed Tarantian Age of the geologic time scale, preceded by the officially ratified Chibanian (formerly known as Middle Pleistocene) and succeeded by the officially ratified Greenlandian. The estimated beginning of the Tarantian is the start of the Eemian interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5). It is held to end with the termination of the Younger Dryas, some 10th millennium BC, 11,700 years ago when the Holocene Epoch began. The term Upper Pleistocene is currently in use as a provisional or "quasi-formal" designation by the International Union of Geological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Gervais
Paul Gervais full name François Louis Paul Gervais (26 September 1816 – 10 February 1879) was a French palaeontologist and entomologist. Biography Gervais was born in Paris, where he obtained the diplomas of doctor of science and of medicine, and in 1835 he began palaeontological research as assistant in the laboratory of comparative anatomy at the ''Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle''. In 1841 he obtained the chair of zoology and comparative anatomy at the Faculty of Sciences in Montpellier, of which he was in 1856 appointed dean. In 1848–1852 appeared his important work ''Zoologie et paléontologie françaises'', supplementary to the palaeontological publications of Georges Cuvier and Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville; of this a second and greatly improved edition was issued in 1859. In 1865 he accepted the professorship of zoology at the Sorbonne, vacant through the death of Louis Pierre Gratiolet; this post he left in 1868 for the chair of comparative anatomy at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmodus Draculae
''Desmodus draculae'' is an extinct species of vampire bat that inhabited Central and South America during the Pleistocene, and possibly the early Holocene. It was 30% larger than its living relative the common vampire bat (''Desmodus rotundus''). Fossils and unmineralized subfossils have been found in Argentina, Mexico,Grady, Frederick, Joaguin Arroyo-Cabrales, and E. Garton. "The northernmost occurrence of the Pleistocene vampire bat Desmodus stocki Jones (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae: Desmodontinae) in eastern North America." Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 93 (2002).Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin, and Ticul Alvarez. "A preliminary report of the late Quaternary mammal fauna from Loltún Cave, Yucatán, México." Ice age cave faunas of North America (2003): 262–272. Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, Belize, and Bolivia. Most records of ''D. draculae'' are from the late Pleistocene, but some are from the Holocene. A ''Desmodus'' canine tooth discovered in Buenos Aires Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctotherium
''Arctotherium'' ("''bear beast''") is an extinct genus of the Pleistocene short-faced bears endemic to Central and South America. ''Arctotherium'' migrated from North America to South America during the Great American Interchange, following the formation of the Isthmus of Panama during the late Pliocene. The genus consists of one early giant form, ''A. angustidens'', and several succeeding smaller species, which were within the size range of modern bears. ''Arctotherium'' was adapted to open and mixed habitat. They are genetically closer to the spectacled bear (''Tremarctos ornatus''), than to ''Arctodus'' of North America, implying the two extinct forms evolved large size in a convergent manner, perhaps to facilitate dominating other carnivores in the competition for the biggest carcasses. Evolution Tremarctinae ''Arctotherium'' is part of the Tremarctinae subfamily of bears, otherwise known as the short faced bears, which also includes ''Arctodus'' (North American short ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfossil Lemur
Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago to approximately 560 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene). They include both extant and extinct species, although the term more frequently refers to the extinct giant lemurs. The diversity of subfossil lemur communities was greater than that of present-day lemur communities, ranging from as high as 20 or more species per location, compared with 10 to 12 species today. Extinct species are estimated to have ranged in size from slightly over to roughly . Even the subfossil remains of living species are larger and more robust than the skeletal remains of modern specimens. The subfossil sites found around most of the island demonstrate that most giant lemurs had wide distributions and that ranges of living species have contracted significantly since the arrival of humans. Despite their size, the giant lemurs shared m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Ape
The Hominidae (), whose members are known as the great apes or hominids (), are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: '' Pongo'' (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); ''Gorilla'' (the eastern and western gorilla); '' Pan'' (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and ''Homo'', of which only modern humans remain. Several revisions in classifying the great apes have caused the use of the term ''"hominid"'' to vary over time. The original meaning of "hominid" referred only to humans (''Homo'') and their closest extinct relatives. However, by the 1990s humans, apes, and their ancestors were considered to be "hominids". The earlier restrictive meaning has now been largely assumed by the term ''"hominin"'', which comprises all members of the human clade after the split from the chimpanzees (''Pan''). The current meaning of "hominid" includes all the great apes including humans. Usage still varies, however, and some scientists and laypers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachyteles
The muriquis, also known as woolly spider monkeys, are the monkeys of the genus ''Brachyteles''. They are closely related to both the spider monkeys and the woolly monkeys. The two species are the southern (''B. arachnoides'') and northern (''B. hypoxanthus'') muriquis. They are the two largest species of New World monkey New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea ...s, and the northern species is one of the most endangered of all the world's monkeys. The muriqui is the largest monkey in South America, and it lives primarily in coffee estates in Southeastern Brazil. Males are the same size and weight as females. References Further reading * External links Conservation of the Muriqui from Brazil * * Primate Info Net ''Brachyteles'' FactsheetSouthern Muriqui Home Page- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ateles
Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus ''Ateles'', part of the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae. Like other atelines, they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil. The genus consistes of seven species, all of which are under threat; the brown spider monkey is critically endangered. They are also notable for their ability to be easily bred in captivity. Disproportionately long limbs and long prehensile tails make them one of the largest New World monkeys and give rise to their common name. Spider monkeys live in the upper layers of the rainforest, and forage in the high canopy, from . They primarily eat fruits, but will also occasionally consume leaves, flowers, and insects. Due to their large size, spider monkeys require large tracts of moist evergreen forests, and prefer undisturbed primary rainforest. They are social animals and live in bands of up to 35 individuals, but will split up to forage during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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