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Protocotyle Grisea
''Protocotyle '' is a genus of monogeneans in the family Hexabothriidae. The genus was created by Louis Euzet and Claude Maillard in 1974. ''Protocotyle'' includes only three species, which are all parasitic on the gills of sharks of the genus ''Hexanchus'', namely ''Hexanchus griseus'' and ''Hexanchus nakamurai''. The species are: * '' Protocotyle grisea'' (Cerfontaine, 1899) Euzet & Maillard, 1974 Cerfontaine, Paul. 1899: Contribution à l'étude des Octocotylidés. V. Les Onchocotylinae. Archives de Biologie, 16, 345-478 + Plates 18-21.Euzet, L. & Maillard, C. 1974: Les Monogènes Hexabothriidae Price, 1942. Historique, systématique, phylogenèse. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3° série, 206, Zoologie 136, 113-141. * '' Protocotyle taschenbergi'' (Maillard & Oliver, 1966) Euzet & Maillard, 1974 Maillard, C. & Oliver, G. 1966: Monogenea, Hexabothriidae. Vie et Milieu Série A: Biologie marine, 17, 1201-1216. * ''Protocotyle euzetmaillardi ''Protocotyle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist. The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment. Branchia (pl. branchiae) is the zoologists' name for gills (from Ancient Greek ). With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. The blood carries oxygen to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. Semiterrestrial marine animals such as crabs and mudskippers have gill cham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Lou Justine
Jean-Lou Justine (born 1955), French parasitologist and zoologist, is a professor at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France, and a specialist of fish parasites and invasive land planarians. Higher education and career Justine was in high school in Saint Raphaël, France, then an undergraduate student at the University of Nice (1972–1976), and at the École Normale Supérieure in Saint-Cloud after which he passed the ''Agrégation'' in 1977, and finally a graduate student at the University of Montpellier. He passed his PhD in 1980 and his ''Doctorat d'État'' (State doctorate) in 1985, both in the University of Montpellier, under the supervision of Professors Xavier Mattei and Louis Euzet. From 1978 to 1985, Justine was ''Assistant'' then ''Maître-Assistant'' (Assistant Professor) at the University of Dakar, Senegal. He entered the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) in 1985 to join, as ''Maître-Assistant'' (Assistant Professor) the laboratory direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocotyle Euzetmaillardi
''Protocotyle euzetmaillardi'' is a species of monogenean of the family Hexabothriidae. It is the third described species of the genus '' Protocotyle'', after '' Protocotyle grisea'' (Cerfontaine, 1899) Euzet & Maillard, 1974Euzet, L. & Maillard, C. 1974: Les Monogènes Hexabothriidae Price, 1942. Historique, systématique, phylogenèse. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3° série, 206, Zoologie 136, 113-141PDF and '' Protocotyle taschenbergi'' (Maillard & Oliver, 1966Maillard, C. & Oliver, G. 1966: Monogenea, Hexabothriidae. Vie et Milieu Série A: Biologie marine, 17, 1201-1216.) Euzet & Maillard, 1974. The body is 4.5-6.1 millimetres in length, elongate, and it includes, like all monogeneans, a posterior attachment organ called haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, armed with six suckers, each provided with one hook-shaped sclerite, and there is a lateral appendix bearing a single pair of terminal suckers and a single pair of hooks (also called hamuli). Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocotyle Grisea
''Protocotyle '' is a genus of monogeneans in the family Hexabothriidae. The genus was created by Louis Euzet and Claude Maillard in 1974. ''Protocotyle'' includes only three species, which are all parasitic on the gills of sharks of the genus ''Hexanchus'', namely ''Hexanchus griseus'' and ''Hexanchus nakamurai''. The species are: * '' Protocotyle grisea'' (Cerfontaine, 1899) Euzet & Maillard, 1974 Cerfontaine, Paul. 1899: Contribution à l'étude des Octocotylidés. V. Les Onchocotylinae. Archives de Biologie, 16, 345-478 + Plates 18-21.Euzet, L. & Maillard, C. 1974: Les Monogènes Hexabothriidae Price, 1942. Historique, systématique, phylogenèse. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3° série, 206, Zoologie 136, 113-141. * '' Protocotyle taschenbergi'' (Maillard & Oliver, 1966) Euzet & Maillard, 1974 Maillard, C. & Oliver, G. 1966: Monogenea, Hexabothriidae. Vie et Milieu Série A: Biologie marine, 17, 1201-1216. * ''Protocotyle euzetmaillardi ''Protocotyle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexanchus Nakamurai
The bigeyed sixgill shark (''Hexanchus nakamurai'') is a cow shark of the family Hexanchidae. Its dorsal surface has a brownish-gray color, and is sharply separated from the light coloring of its ventral surface. The eyes are a fluorescent green while the shark is alive. The body of this shark is small, slim, and fusiform in shape. As the name suggests, this shark has six gill slits, unusual among most shark species. The head is narrow and somewhat flattened, and the mouth contains 5 rows of large, comb-shaped teeth. This shark's single dorsal fin is pushed back towards the caudal fin, and is behind the pelvic fins. The upper caudal fin is much longer than the lower, with a deep notch near the tip. All fins have thin white margins on the edge. In juveniles, the upper caudal fin has a black tip. Measurements Length at birth for this species is 34–45 cm; adults average 1.2 m for both genders, with a maximum of 1.8 m. Mature adults weigh around 20 kg. Range and habitat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexanchus Griseus
The bluntnose sixgill shark (''Hexanchus griseus''), often simply called the cow shark, is the largest hexanchoid shark, growing to in length. It is found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide and its diet is widely varied by region. The bluntnose sixgill is a species of sixgill sharks, of genus ''Hexanchus'', a genus that also consists of two other species: the bigeye sixgill shark ( ''Hexanchus nakamurai'') and the Atlantic sixgill shark ( ''Hexanchus vitulus''). Through their base pairs of mitochondrial genes COI and ND2, these three species of sixgills widely differ from one another. Taxonomy The first scientific description of the bluntnose sixgill shark was authored in 1788 by Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre. As a member of the family Hexanchidae, it has more close relatives in the fossil record than living relatives. The related living species include the dogfish, the Greenland shark, and other six- and seven-gilled sharks. Some of the shark's relatives date back 200 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexanchus
The sixgill sharks are a genus, ''Hexanchus'', of deepwater sharks in the family Hexanchidae. These sharks are characterized by a broad, pointed head, six pairs of gill slits, comb-like, yellow lower teeth, and a long tail. The largest species can grow up to 8 m long and weigh over 600 kg (1320 lb). They are continental shelf-dwelling and abyssal plain scavengers with a keen sense of smell and are among the first to arrive at carrion, together with hagfish and rattails. They show a characteristic rolling motion of the head when feeding. They have been found at depths of up to . Though only two extant species (the bluntnose sixgill shark and the bigeyed sixgill shark) were originally known, a third, the Atlantic sixgill shark, was found to exist. Swimming behavior The bluntnose sixgill shark, ''Hexanchus griseus'', is relatively common to scientists. However, very little information exists about its distribution patterns, migrations and behavior. Data on occurrence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the rays. However, the term "shark" has also been used to refer to all extinct members of Chondrichthyes with a shark-like morphology, such as hybodonts and xenacanths. The oldest modern sharks are known from the Early Jurassic. They range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark (''Etmopterus perryi''), a deep sea species that is only in length, to the whale shark (''Rhincodon typus''), the largest fish in the world, which reaches approximately in length. Sharks are found in all seas and are common to depths up to . They generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and fresh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Euzet
Louis Euzet (27 July 1923 in Lézignan-Corbières, France – 24 September 2013 in Sète, France) was a French parasitologist. Education Louis Euzet was a high-school student in Narbonne, France, and a student of the University of Montpellier (in the then “''Faculté des Sciences''”). He obtained his bachelor's degree (''Licence'') in 1947. He prepared his doctoral thesis in the Station de Biologie Marine at Sète, under the direction of Paul Mathias and Jean-George Baer; the thesis, on tetraphyllidean cestodes, was accepted on 16 June 1956. Career Louis Euzet was a junior lecturer at the Station de Biologie Marine in Sète in 1947. He was appointed Professor in the recently created “''Collège Scientifique Universitaire''” at Perpignan in 1959. He moved in 1969 to the University of Montpellier, where he established his ''Laboratoire de Parasitologie Comparée'' (Laboratory of Comparative Parasitology). He retired in 1991, became an Emeritus Professor in 1992 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyhelminthes
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek language, Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") are a Phylum (biology), phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, Segmentation (biology), unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no coelom, body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory system, circulatory and respiratory system, respiratory organ (anatomy), organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food cannot be processed continuously. In traditional medicinal texts, Platyhelminthes are divided into Turbellaria, which are mostly non-parasitic animals such as planarians, and three entirely p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus (biology)
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus '' Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should clearly demons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
