|
Protests Against Polish Judiciary Reforms
Since 2017, a series of protests against judiciary reforms have occurred in Poland. Since Law and Justice took power in Poland in 2015, its influence rapidly extended to the judicial branch, through contended nominations that produced the 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis. The Law and Justice party argues that the reforms are needed to improve the efficiency of the judiciary, but the opposition, supported by a significant number of members of the judiciary, has been very critical of the reforms. The reforms have also been criticized by a number of international bodies. The European Commission invokes the Article 7 of the European Treaty against E.U. member Poland, denouncing recent judiciary reforms putting it under the political control of the ruling majority and citing ''"serious risk othe independence of the judiciary and the separation of powers"''. The Polish judicial disciplinary panel law, approved by the Sejm on 20 December 2019. The bill empowers the Disciplinar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law And Justice
Law and Justice ( pl, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość , PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. Its chairman is Jarosław Kaczyński. It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct successor of the Centre Agreement after it split from the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). It managed to win the 2005 parliamentary and presidential elections, after which Lech became the president of Poland. It headed a parliamentary coalition with the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland between 2005 and the 2007 election. It placed second and they remained in the parliamentary opposition until 2015. It regained the presidency in the 2015 election, and later won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. They retained the positions following the 2019 and 2020 election. During its foundation, it sought to position itself as a centrist Christian democratic party, although shortly after, it ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helsinki Foundation For Human Rights
The Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights is the name of non-governmental organizations in a number of countries established under the now defunct International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. The organizations include: * *Turkmen Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, established in 2003 in Varna, Bulgaria, to monitor human rights in Turkmenistan *Czech Helsinki Committee The Czech Helsinki Committee ( cs, Český helsinský výbor) is a non-governmental non-profit organization for human rights. It has operated in Czechoslovakia since 1988 and in the Czech Republic since 1993. It was founded as one of the first "Hel ... References {{reflist Human rights organizations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal History Of Poland
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or established by judges through precedent, usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Media Without Choice
Media Without Choice (Polish: ''Media bez wyboru'') was a one-day protest against the government of Poland due to a proposed tax on advertising. The protests began on 10 February 2021 and participants included paper journals, press-related internet portals, television stations, radio stations, and information portals. They protested by ceasing their usual activities, such as the publishing of news or advertisements, and turning off their transmissions. The protest began on 4:00 AM UTC+01:00 (3:00 UTC) and continued for the next 24 hours during which media replaced information and advertisements with black backgrounds with messages such as "MEDIA WITHOUT CHOICE" and "THIS IS WHERE YOUR FAVORITE PROGRAM WOULD BE” spelled with capitalized white letters, sometimes with additional information about the action. Protest included participation of Agora, the owner of ''Gazeta Wyborcza'', TOK FM, Radio ZET and Gazeta.pl, TVN Discovery Group, the owner of TVN, TVN24, TTV, Cyfrowy P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Polish Protests (other)
{{disambiguation ...
2020 Polish protests may refer to: *Rainbow Night in August 2020 *2020–2021 women's strike protests in Poland See also *Polish rule-of-law crisis The Polish constitutional crisis, also known as the Polish rule-of-law crisis, is a political conflict ongoing since 2015 in which the Polish government has been accused of failing to adhere to European and Polish constitutional law. The 2015 e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2015–present Polish Constitutional Crisis
The Polish constitutional crisis, also known as the Polish rule-of-law crisis, is a political conflict ongoing since 2015 in which the Polish government has been accused of failing to adhere to European and Polish constitutional law. The 2015 elections resulted in the Law and Justice party (, PiS) winning control of both the presidency and the parliament. With this government trifecta as a result of its participation in the United Right, PiS used its power to appoint judges to the Constitutional Tribunal in 2015, leading to the 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis. The government of Poland continued to expand its hold on the judiciary resulting in the 2017 Supreme Court crisis, and the 2019 Polish judicial disciplinary panel law. These events have allowed the legislature and executive of the Polish government to have ''de facto'' control over judges and their appointments. These moves have been condemned by the European Union which initiated an Article 7 process against Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Power
Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is sometimes called the model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems where there can be overlap in membership and functions between different branches, especially the executive and legislative, although in most non-authoritarian jurisdictions, the judiciary almost never overlaps with the other branches, whether powers in the jurisdiction are separated or fused. The intention behind a system of separated powers is to prevent the concentration of power by providing for checks and balances. The separation of powers model is often imprecisely and metonymically used interchangeably with the ' principl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Checks And Balances
Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is sometimes called the model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems where there can be overlap in membership and functions between different branches, especially the executive and legislative, although in most non-authoritarian jurisdictions, the judiciary Independent judiciary, almost never overlaps with the other branches, whether powers in the jurisdiction are separated or fused. The intention behind a system of separated powers is to prevent the concentration of power by providing for #Checks and balances, checks and balances. The separation of powers model is often imprecisely and metonymy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Zoll
Andrzej Stanisław Zoll (born 27 May 1942) is a Polish lawyer, former judge and president of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, former Polish Ombudsman, former president of the State Electoral Commission, former president of the Legislative Council, co-author of the Polish Penal Code of 1997. Professor of criminal law at the Jagiellonian University. Biography Andrzej Zoll was born in Sieniawa, Poland. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University in 1964. He earned his Ph.D. in 1968, and a habilitated doctor's title in 1973. In 1988 he became professor of legal sciences. Since 1994 he heads the Chair of Criminal Law of the Jagiellonian University. In 1989 he took part in the Round Table Negotiations as Solidarity’s legal expert. Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the European Art and Science Academy in Salzburg. Between 1989-1993, he served as a judge of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and between 1990-1993 he was chairman of the State Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Rzepliński
Andrzej Rzepliński (born 26 November 1949) is a Polish lawyer, Professor of Jurisprudence, human right expert, member of International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, a judge of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal from 2007 and its president from 2010 to 2016. Biography Andrzej Rzepliński was born in Ciechanów as the son of Helena and Klemens, who ran a farm in nearby Przążew He graduated in 1971 at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Warsaw. In 1978 he obtained a doctoral degree in the field of criminology, and in 1990 a postdoctoral degree (dissertation titled Judiciary in People's Poland, Between Availability and Independence). In 2000, he received the academic title of professor. Professionally associated with the University of Warsaw, where he came to the position of full professor. He also became the head of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Policy at the IPSiR, he was the dean of the Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resoci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee For The Defence Of Democracy
The Committee for the Defence of Democracy, CDD ( pl, Komitet Obrony Demokracji, ''KOD'') is a Polish-born civic organization and NGO which among its goals includes promoting the European values, especially democracy, rule of law, and human rights. It was founded in November 2015 by a group of citizens including Mateusz Kijowski, as a result of, and triggered by, the Polish constitutional crisis, 2015. The organization declares its independence of any political parties and that it has no intention to transform into one. It is opposed to the actions of the government led by the Law and Justice (PiS) party. KOD has its Polish headquarters in Warsaw and international office in Brussels (KOD International), with chapters and affiliated associations around Europe, in North America, Asia and Australia. The organization was awarded the 2016 European Citizens' Prize by the European Parliament for defending fundamental rights and democracy. Background KOD was formed after Law an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Tusk
Donald Franciszek Tusk ( , ; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician who was President of the European Council from 2014 to 2019. He served as the 14th Prime Minister of Poland from 2007 to 2014 and was a co-founder and leader of the Civic Platform (''Platforma Obywatelska'') political party from 2003 to 2014. On 20 November 2019, Tusk was elected as the president of the European People's Party (EPP), Europe's largest European political party, transnational political party and on 3 July 2021 he returned to Polish politics by reassuming the leadership of the Civic Platform. Tusk has been involved in Polish politics since the early 1990s, having founded several political parties and held elected office almost continuously since 1991. Tusk was one of the co-founders of the free market, free-market-orientated Liberal Democratic Congress party. He entered the Sejm (lower chamber of Poland's parliament) in 1991, but lost his seat in the 1993 election which went badly for the Congres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Law And Justice")
