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Proteromonas
''Proteromonas'' is a genus of heterokonts. It lives in the gut of amphibians and reptiles. An example is ''Proteromonas lacertae''. ''Proteromonas'' is notable by location of mastigonemes not on its flagella, but on posterior part of the cell. Such mastigonemes are called somatonemes. List of Species * '' P. brevifilia'' Aléxéieff 1946 * '' P. dolichomastix'' Künstler 1889 * '' P. chameleoni'' Krishnamurthy 1963 * '' P. ganapatii'' Saratchandra 1981 * '' P. grassei'' Saratchandra & Narasimhamurti 1980 * '' P. hareni'' (Ray & Singh 1949) * '' P. hystrixi'' Todd 1963 * '' P. kakatiyae'' Bhaskar Rao et al. 1978 * '' P. krishnamurthyi'' Saratchandra & Ramesh Babu 1982 * '' P. longifila'' (Lemmermann 1913) Grassé 1926 * '' P. mabuiae'' Saratchandra, Vijayanand & Venkateswarlu 1984 * ''P. ophisauri P. is an abbreviation or acronym that may refer to: * Page (paper), where the abbreviation comes from Latin ''pagina'' * Paris Herbarium, at the ''Muséum national d'histoire naturel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placidozoa
Placidozoa is a recently defined non-photosynthetic lineage of Heterokonts. Phylogeny Taxonomy Infraphylum Placidozoa Cavalier-Smith 2013 * Superclass Wobblata Cavalier-Smith 2006 stat. n. 2013 (paraphyletic) ** Class Placididea Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002 *** Order Placidida Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002 lacidae Cavalier-Smith 2006**** Family Placidiaceae Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002 ***** Genus '' Pendulomonas'' Tong 1997 ***** Genus ''Placidia'' Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002 ***** Genus '' Wobblia'' Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2000 ***** Genus '' Allegra'' Rybarski et al. 2015 ** Class Nanomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2013 *** Order Uniciliatida Cavalier-Smith 2013 **** Family Solenicolidae Cavalier- Smith 2013 ***** Genus ''Solenicola'' Pavillard 1916 **** Family Incisomonadidae Cavalier-Smith & Scoble 2013 ***** Genus '' Incisomonas'' Scoble & Cavalier-Smith 2013 ** Class Opalomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2013 *** Genus '' Barthelona'' Bernard, Simpson & Patterson 2000 *** G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proteromonadidae
Proteromonadidae is a paraphyletic family of heterokont Heterokonts are a group of protists (formally referred to as Heterokonta, Heterokontae or Heterokontophyta). The group is a major line of eukaryotes. Most are algae, ranging from the giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms, which a ...s, that resemble Opalinidae. References Placidozoa Heterokont families {{Heterokont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata (Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterokont
Heterokonts are a group of protists (formally referred to as Heterokonta, Heterokontae or Heterokontophyta). The group is a major line of eukaryotes. Most are algae, ranging from the giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms, which are a primary component of plankton. Other notable members of the Stramenopiles include the (generally) parasitic oomycetes, including ''Phytophthora'', which caused the Great Famine of Ireland, and ''Pythium'', which causes seed rot and damping off. The name "heterokont" refers to the type of motile life cycle stage, in which the flagellated cells possess two differently arranged flagella (see zoospore). History In 1899, Alexander Luther created the term "Heterokontae" for some algae with unequal flagella, today called Xanthophyceae. Later, some authors (e.g., Copeland, 1956) included other groups in Heterokonta, expanding the name's sense. The term continues to be applied in different ways, leading to Heterokontophyta being applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opalinea
The opalines are a small group of peculiar heterokonts, currently assigned to the family Opalinidae, in the order Slopalinida. Their name is derived from the opalescent appearance of these microscopic organisms when illuminated with full sunlight. Most opalines live as endocommensals in the large intestine and cloaca of anurans (frogs and toads), though they are sometimes found in fish, reptiles, molluscs and insects. The unusual features of the opalines, first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1683, has led to much debate regarding their phylogenetic position among the protists. Taxonomy and phylogeny The relationship between opalines and other protists has been a subject of great controversy since the late 19th century, and is not completely resolved at present. Initially, microscopists believed that the thousands of rhythmically beating hair-like structures which cover their surface were cilia, and they placed the opalines in Ciliophora. In the early 20th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slopalinida
Slopalinida is a heterokont order. See also * David J. Patterson David Joseph Patterson is a Northern Irish taxonomist specializing in protozoa and the use of taxonomy in biodiversity informatics. Early life and education David Joseph Patterson was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 19 April 1950 to Doris ... References Placidozoa Heterokont orders {{heterokont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterokont
Heterokonts are a group of protists (formally referred to as Heterokonta, Heterokontae or Heterokontophyta). The group is a major line of eukaryotes. Most are algae, ranging from the giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms, which are a primary component of plankton. Other notable members of the Stramenopiles include the (generally) parasitic oomycetes, including ''Phytophthora'', which caused the Great Famine of Ireland, and ''Pythium'', which causes seed rot and damping off. The name "heterokont" refers to the type of motile life cycle stage, in which the flagellated cells possess two differently arranged flagella (see zoospore). History In 1899, Alexander Luther created the term "Heterokontae" for some algae with unequal flagella, today called Xanthophyceae. Later, some authors (e.g., Copeland, 1956) included other groups in Heterokonta, expanding the name's sense. The term continues to be applied in different ways, leading to Heterokontophyta being applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastigoneme
Mastigonemes are lateral "hairs" that attach to protistan flagella. Flimsy hairs attach to the flagella of euglenid flagellates, while stiff hairs occur in stramenopile and cryptophyte protists.Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D. G. and Jahns, H. M. (1995). Algae : An introduction to phycology', Cambridge University Press, UK. Stramenopile hairs are approximately 15 nm in diameter, and usually consist of flexible basal part that inserts into the cell membrane, a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller "hairs". They reverse the thrust caused when a flagellum beats. The consequence is that the cell is drawn into the water and particles of food are drawn to the surface of heterotrophic species. Typology of flagella with hairs: *whiplash flagella (= smooth, acronematic flagella): without hairs but may have extensions , e.g., in Opisthokonta *hairy flagella (= tinsel, flimmer, pleuronematic flagella): with hairs (= mastigonemes ''sensu lato''), divided in: **with fine hairs (= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagella
A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have from one to many flagella. A gram-negative bacterium ''Helicobacter pylori'' for example uses its multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium, where it may cause a gastric ulcer to develop. In some bacteria the flagellum can also function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to wetness outside the cell. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word means " whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion. The flagellum in archaea is called the archaellum to note its difference from the bacterial flagellum. Eukaryoti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
