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Proechimys Longicaudatus
The long-tailed spiny rat (''Proechimys longicaudatus'') is a spiny rat species found in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Description The long-tailed spiny rat is a large rat with a head-and-body length of between and a tail length of . The fur is less bristly than in other related species. The upper parts are a glossy chestnut colour becoming more orange on the flanks. The underparts are white, and there is a clear line separating upper and lower parts. The tail is chestnut above and pale below. The tails are missing on some individuals, reflecting the lizard-like ability of many echimyids to detach their tails when attacked by predators. Distribution and habitat This species has a range in South America extending from southern Bolivia and northern Paraguay to western and central Brazil. It is terrestrial and inhabits dry primary and secondary forest, as well as cerrado and habitats with cleared areas and patches of forest. It usually occurs at altitudes below but has been recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Rudolph Rengger
Johann Rudolph Rengger was a Swiss naturalist and doctor, author of a book on exploration in Paraguay. He published a work on the physiology of insects. He also studied the fauna of Paraguay, and published in 1835 a ''Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826''. Early life Johann Rudolf Rengger was born in Baden as the son of the pastor Samuel Rengger. Since his parents died early, his uncle Albrecht Rengger, then Interior Minister of the Helvetic Republic, provided his education, first at a private school, and then at the canton school of Aarau from 1805 to 1812. He later studied natural sciences and medicine in Lausanne and Tübingen. In 1817 he published the results of his research on insects under the title ''Physiological investigations on the animal housekeeping of Insects'' and thus earned on October 12 of the same year the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The Paraguayan trip After a stay in Paris, Rengger decided, together with doctor M. Longchamp from the canto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Cuvieri
Cuvier's spiny-rat (''Proechimys cuvieri'') is a spiny rat species found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north .... Phylogeny Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that ''P. cuvieri'' belongs to the so-called ''longicaudatus'' group of ''Proechimys'' species, and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other members of this clade: '' P. longicaudatus'' and '' P. brevicauda''. References Proechimys Mammals described in 1978 Taxa named by Francis Petter {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodents Of South America
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are native to all major land masses except for New Zealand, Antarctica, and several oceanic islands, though they have subsequently been introduced to most of these land masses by human activity. Rodents are extremely diverse in their ecology and lifestyles and can be found in almost every terrestrial habitat, including human-made environments. Species can be arboreal, fossorial (burrowing), saltatorial/richochetal (leaping on their hind legs), or semiaquatic. However, all rodents share several morphological features, including having only a single upper and lower pair of ever-growing incisors. Well-known rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs, porcupines, beavers, guinea pigs, and hamsters. Rabbits, hares, and pikas, whose incisors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Of Paraguay
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla ( cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, together with Saurop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Of Peru
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla ( cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, together with Saurop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Of Brazil
Brazil has the largest mammal diversity in the world, with more than 600 described species and more likely to be discovered. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, 66 of these species are endangered, and 40% of the threatened taxa belong to the primate group. 658 species are listed. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories: Infraclass: Metatheria Order: Didelphimorphia * Family: Caluromyidae ** Genus: '' Caluromys'' *** Brown-eared woolly opossum, ''C. lanatus'' LC *** Bare-tailed woolly opossum, ''C. philander'' LC * Family: Didelphidae ** Genus: ''Caluromysiops'' *** Black-shouldered opossum, ''Caluromysiops irrupta'' LC ** Genus: ''Glironia'' *** Bushy-tailed opossum, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Of Bolivia
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla ( cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, together with Saurop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms). ''Proechimys'' is the most speciose genus of the rodent family Echimyidae, with 25 species recognized, followed by ''Phyllomys'' with 13 species, and ''Trinomys'' with 11 species. Phylogeny Genus level The genus ''Proechimys'' is the sister group to the genus ''Hoplomys'' (the armored rat). In turn, these two taxa share evolutionary affinities with other Myocastorini genera: ''Callistomys'' (the painted tree- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Least-concern Species
A least-concern species is a species that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as evaluated as not being a focus of species conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild. They do not qualify as threatened, near threatened, or (before 2001) conservation dependent. Species cannot be assigned the "Least Concern" category unless they have had their population status evaluated. That is, adequate information is needed to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution or population status. Evaluation Since 2001 the category has had the abbreviation "LC", following the IUCN 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1). Before 2001 "least concern" was a subcategory of the "Lower Risk" category and assigned the code "LR/lc" or lc. Around 20% of least concern taxa (3261 of 15636) in the IUCN database still use the code "LR/lc", which indicates they have not been re-evaluate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union For Conservation Of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, and education. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable". Over the past decades, IUCN has widened its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MT-CYB
Cytochrome b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MT-CYB'' gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein ubiquinol–cytochrome ''c'' reductase (UQCR, complex III or cytochrome ''bc''1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, ''MT-CYB'' (mitochondrial cytochrome b), and ten nuclear genes—''UQCRC1'', ''UQCRC2'', ''CYC1'', '' UQCRFS1'' (Rieske protein), '' UQCRB'', "11kDa protein", ''UQCRH'' (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske protein presequence, "cyt c1 associated protein", and Rieske-associated protein. Structure The ''MT-CYB'' gene is located on the p arm of mitochondrial DNA in position 12 and spans 1,140 base pairs. The gene produces a 42.7 kDa protein named cytochrome b composed of 380 amino acids. Cytochrome b is an integral membrane protein with hydrophobic properties. The catalytic core of the enzyme is composed of eight transmembrane helices, the iron-sulfur protein, and cytochrome c1. Cytochrome b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Brevicauda
The short-tailed spiny-rat (''Proechimys brevicauda'') or Huallaga spiny rat, is a Echimyidae, spiny rat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Phylogeny Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that ''P. brevicauda'' belongs to the so-called ''longicaudatus'' group of ''Proechimys'' species, and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other members of this clade: ''Proechimys longicaudatus, P. longicaudatus'' and ''Proechimys cuvieri, P. cuvieri''. References External links Infonatura Proechimys Mammals of Colombia Mammals described in 1877 Taxa named by Albert Günther {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
