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Prince Ding
Prince Ding of the First Rank, or simply Prince Ding, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1636–1912). As the Prince Ding peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Yonghuang (1728–1750), the Qianlong Emperor's eldest son, who received the title posthumously in 1750. The title was passed down over seven generations and held by eight persons. Members of the Prince Ding peerage * Yonghuang (1728–1750), the Qianlong Emperor's eldest son, posthumously honoured as Prince Ding'an of the First Rank (定安親王) in 1750 ** Miande (綿德; 1747–1786), Yonghuang's eldest son, initially a ''qinwang'', demoted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal And Noble Ranks Of The Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China developed a complicated peerage system for royal and noble ranks. Rule of inheritance In principle, titles were downgraded one grade for each generation of inheritance. * Direct imperial princes with the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded for four generations, after which the title can be inherited without further downgrades. * Direct imperial princes without the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded until the rank of ''feng'en jiangjun'', which then became perpetual. * Cadet line imperial princes and lords were downgraded until they reached ''feng'en jiangjun'', which could be further inherited three times before the title expired completely. * For non-imperial peers, the title could be downgraded to ''en jiwei'' before becoming perpetually heritable. Occasionally, a peer could be granted the privilege of ''shixi wangti'' (; "perpetual heritability"), which allowed the title to be passed down without downgrading. Throughout the Qing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchu People
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Qing (1636–1912) dynasties of China were established and ruled by the Manchus, who are descended from the Jurchen people who earlier established the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in northern China. Manchus form the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group in the country. They can be found in 31 Chinese provincial regions. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing have over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning and one-fifth in Hebei. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in China, such as Xinbin, Xiuyan, Qinglong, Fengning, Yitong, Qingyuan, Weichang, Kua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aisin Gioro
The House of Aisin-Gioro was a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as chiefs of the Jianzhou Jurchens, one of the three major Jurchen tribes at this time. Qing bannermen passed through the gates of the Great Wall in 1644, conquered the short-lived Shun dynasty and the Southern Ming dynasty. The Qing dynasty later expanded into other adjacent regions, including Xinjiang, Tibet, Outer Mongolia, and Taiwan, gaining total control of China. The dynasty reached its zenith during the High Qing era and under the Qianlong Emperor, who reigned from 1735 to 1796. This reign was followed by a century of gradual decline. The house lost power in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution. Puyi, the last Aisin-Gioro emperor, nominally maintained his imperial title in the Forbidden City until the Articles of Favourable Treatm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yonghuang
Yonghuang (Manchu: ''Yong huwang''; 5 July 1728 – 21 April 1750) was an imperial prince of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China. Born in the Aisin Gioro clan, he was the eldest son of the Qianlong Emperor. His mother was Imperial Noble Consort Zhemin. Life His mother Imperial Noble Consort Zhemin died when he was very young. In 1748, while the Qianlong Emperor was on an inspection tour in southern China, his first empress consort, Empress Xiaoxianchun, died. Yonghuang, as the emperor's eldest son, was tasked with overseeing the empress's funeral. Yonghuang and his third brother, Yongzhang (永璋; 1735–1760), did not mourn the empress as deeply as expected. When the Qianlong Emperor found out later, he was extremely displeased, so he reprimanded Yonghuang and Yongzhang and removed them from his list of potential successors. Yonghuang died in 1750. The Qianlong Emperor deeply regretted his earlier decision but it was too late. He gave Yonghuang the posthumous title " Prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 to 1796. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796. In 1796, he abdicated in favour of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor, out of filial piety towards his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor, who ruled for 61 years, so that he not officially usurp him as the longest-reigning emperor. Despite his retirement, however, the Qianlong Emperor retained ultimate power as the Emperor Emeritus until his death in 1799, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history, and dying at the age of 87, one of the longest-lived. As a capable and cultured ruler inheriting a thriving empire, during his long reign, the Qing Empire reached its most splendid and prosperous era, boasting a large popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miande
Aisin Gioro Miande (; 11 August 1747 – 17 November 1786) was Yonghuang's eldest son and Qianlong Emperor's grandson. Life Miande was born on 11 August 1747 to lady Ilari, Yonghuang's princess consort. His father died in 1750 and was posthumously honoured as Prince Ding'an of the First Rank. Initially, Miande held a title of the first ranking prince. In 1752, he was demoted to the Prince of the Second Rank. In 1775, Miande took part in the funeral of Empress Xiaoyichun. In 1777, Miande arrived late at the funeral of Consort Shu and was forbidden from return to capital until the end of the mourning period. The prince was stripped of his title after it was revealed that he rewarded a fifth rank official Qin Xiong with a collection of precious calligraphy paintings. After the investigation led by Fuheng's son Fulong'an, Qin Xiong had been involved in hijacking Miande's horse. The scandal didn't disturb the repromotion to the Duke of the First Rank in the following year. His title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mian'en
Aisin-Gioro Mian'en (定恭親王 綿恩; 18 September 1747 – 18 July 1822) was Qing dynasty imperial prince and the second son of Yonghuang. Life Mian'en was born on 18 September 1747 to lady Irgen Gioro, Yonghuang's secondary consort. Mian'en showed high potential in martial arts in the childhood, thus was favoured by the Qianlong Emperor. In 1755, he received a yellow horse-riding jacket at the age of eight. According to the relation of Choson Korean ambassadors, Mian'en had more abilities than his younger uncle, Yongyan. According to the relations of Prince Li, Zhaolian, Mian'en was a specialist in weapons at the age of 50. He inherited the peerage as the Prince of the Second Rank after the demotion of Miande in 1776. In 1793, he was promoted to the Prince of the First Rank, thus became the earliest promoted imperial grandson. In 1799, Mian'en was one of the initiators of the general control of Heshen's property after the official was denounced. Heshen's relatives contradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin Yi'an
Jin is a toneless pinyin romanization of various Chinese names and words. These have also been romanized as Kin and Chin (Wade–Giles). "Jin" also occurs in Japanese and Korean. It may refer to: States Jìn 晉 * Jin (Chinese state) (晉國), major state of the Zhou dynasty, existing from the 11th century BC to 376 BC * Jin dynasty (266–420) (晉朝), also known as Liang Jin and Sima Jin * Jin (Later Tang precursor) (晉國; 907–923), Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period * Later Jin (Five Dynasties) (後晉; 936–947), Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Jīn 金 * Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (金朝), also known as the Jurchen Jin * Later Jin (1616–1636) (後金; 1616–1636), precursor of the Qing dynasty Others * Jin (Korean state) (辰國), precursor of the Jinhan Confederation * Balhae (698–713), originally known as Jin (震) Places * Jin Prefecture (Shanxi) (晉州), a former Chinese prefecture centered on present-day Linfen, Shanxi * Jin Prefecture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draft History Of Qing
The ''Draft History of Qing'' () is a draft of the official history of the Qing dynasty compiled and written by a team of over 100 historians led by Zhao Erxun who were hired by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China. The draft was published in 1928, but the Chinese Civil War caused a lack of funding for the project and it was put to an end in 1930. The two sides of the Chinese civil war, the People's Republic of China and Republic of China have attempted to complete it. History The Qing imperial court had long established a Bureau of State Historiography and precompiled its own dynastic history. The massive book was started in 1914, and the rough copy was finished in about 1927. 1,100 copies of the book were published. The Beiyang government moved 400 of the original draft into the northern provinces, where it re-edited the content twice, thus creating three different copies of the book. It was banned by the Nationalist Government in 1930. Historian Hsi-yuan Chen writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
