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Presidential Elections In South Korea
Presidential elections in South Korea determine who will serve as the President of South Korea for the next five years (formerly four, six, and seven). Since the establishment of the First Republic in 1948, the presidential elections have taken place 21 times (20 excluding the March 1960 election whose results were invalidated after the April Revolution): in 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960 (in March and August), 1963, 1967, 1971, 1972, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022. Prior to the Presidential Election Act of 1987, the elections were indirect. Since 1987, the president is elected directly by the public in a single round plurality vote (using the first-past-the-post simple plurality system) for a single, non-renewable five-year term. Procedure (1987–present) The presidential election rules are defined by the South Korean Constitution and the Public Official Election Act. Election campaign The election campaign period, as set by the Electi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of South Korea
The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is the chief of the executive branch of the national government as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. The Constitution and the amended Presidential Election Act of 1987 provide for election of the president by direct, secret ballot, ending sixteen years of indirect presidential elections under the preceding two authoritarian governments. The president is directly elected to a five-year term, with no possibility of re-election. If a presidential vacancy should occur, a successor must be elected within sixty days, during which time presidential duties are to be performed by the prime minister or other senior cabinet members in the order of priority as determined by law. The president is exempt from criminal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Nationalist Party (South Korea)
The Democratic Nationalist Party (, DNP) was a conservative political party in South Korea. History The DNP was established on 10 February 1949 as a merger of the Korea Democratic Party and groups that supported Yi Chong-chon (who headed a youth organisation) and Shin Ik-hee (a member of the National Association), with the new party holding 70 of the 200 seats in the Assembly.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp666–667 It supported the creation of a parliamentary republic, and in 1950 proposed a constitutional amendment to this effect, although it was defeated in the Assembly. In the 1950 parliamentary elections the party received the highest share of the vote, although at 9.8%, it won only 24 of the 210 seats in a parliament dominated by independents. It nominated Yi Si-yeong as its candidate for the 1952 presidential elections; he finished third with 11% of the vote. The 1954 parliamentary elections saw the party's vot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yun Posun
Yun Po-sun (; or ; August 26, 1897 – July 18, 1990) was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the second president of South Korea from 1960 to 1962. He was the only president of the parliamentary Second Republic of Korea. Having entered politics after World War II, Yun served as Secretary to Korea's Chief of Staff in 1947; and was Mayor of Seoul in 1948. He served as Commerce Minister for the newly liberated Korea from 1949 to 1950. In 1955, Yun helped establish the South Korean Democratic Party. He was forced to resign the presidency by Park Chung-hee as a result of the May 16 coup in 1961. Early life Yun Po-sun was born in Dunpo-myeon, Asan, South Chungcheong Province in 1897. He was a son of Yun Chi-so (윤치소, 尹致昭, 1871–1944) and Lady Yi Beom-suk (이범숙, 李範淑, 1876–1969). Yun Chiso is the second son of Yun Yeong-ryeol (윤영렬;尹英烈). Yun Yeong-ryeol is an 8th generation descendant of the prominent Joseon scholar-official Yun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 1960 South Korean Presidential Election
Indirect presidential elections were held in South Korea on 12 August 1960, which saw the election of Yun Posun as President of the Republic of Korea, a ceremonial political position in the Second Republic. Held after the April Revolution which had forced the resignation of Syngman Rhee, it was the only presidential elections to be held during the short era of the Second Republic, as the Republic folded after Park Chung-hee's May Coup the next year. The election was indirect, with a joint session of the House of Commons and Senate, which had been elected in July, acting as the electors. The winning candidate required the assent of two thirds of the members of both houses.Korea Affairs Institute. ''The Voice of Korea, Vols. 16–19.'' p. 14. Background The Democratic Party, founded in 1955 as a merger of the Democratic Nationalist Party (DNP) and several anti-Rhee administration groups, had won well over two-thirds of the seats in the National Assembly in the July 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Republic Of Korea
The second Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from April 1960 to May 1961. The Second republic was founded during the April Revolution mass protests against President Syngman Rhee, succeeding the First republic and establishing a parliamentary government under President Yun Bo-seon and Prime Minister Chang Myon. The Second Republic ended Rhee's authoritarianism and repression, formed a liberal democracy, and formulated the first Five-Year Plans to develop the neglected economy. The Second Republic's failure to improve South Korea's political and economic issues led to instability, and after thirteen months it was overthrown by the South Korean Army in the May 16 coup led by Park Chung-hee. The second republic was replaced by a provisional military government under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, leading to the third Republic of Korea. The short-lived second republic was the only government under a parliamentary system in the history of Korea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April Revolution
The April Revolution ( ko, 4.19 혁명), also called the April 19 Revolution or April 19 Movement, were mass protests in South Korea against President Syngman Rhee and the First Republic from April 11 to 26, 1960 which led to Rhee's resignation. Protests opposing Rhee were started by student and labor groups in the southeastern port city of Masan on April 11. The protests were triggered by the discovery of the body of a local high school student who had been killed by police during demonstrations against rigged elections in March. Popular discontent had arisen due to Rhee's autocratic rule, corruption, use of violence against political opposition, and uneven development of South Korea. The Masan discovery led to large student protests in Seoul, which were violently suppressed; a total of 186 people were killed during the two weeks of protest. Rhee resigned on April 26 before fleeing to exile in the United States, and was replaced by Yun Posun, beginning the transition to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 1960 South Korean Presidential Election
Presidential and vice-presidential elections were held in South Korea on 15 March 1960. Shortly after winning reelection to a second term in the 1952 presidential election, Rhee had the legislature pass a constitutional amendment exempting himself from the two-term limit, allowing himself to run for and win a third term in 1956 and in March 1960. After the death of Democratic Party opponent Cho Pyong-ok, Rhee was left as the only candidate, and was re-elected unopposed.Han, S-J. (1974) ''The Failure of Democracy in South Korea.'' University of California Press, p. 28. Voter turnout was 97.0%. With the lack of a meaningful contest in the presidential race, popular focus shifted to the vice-presidential contest where Rhee's Liberal Party candidate Lee Ki-bung competed against Chang Myon. The elections were heavily rigged in Lee's favor, and widespread allegations of corruption and manipulation of the results sparked protests which spiralled into the April Revolution, causing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lee Ki-poong
Lee Ki-poong (20 December 1896 – 28 April 1960) was a South Korean politician and Vice President. He was the Minister of National Defense (May 7, 1951 – March 29, 1952) and Mayor of Seoul (June 6, 1949 – May 7, 1951). He was the leader of Liberal Party and supporter of Syngman Rhee (as a President). The Liberal Party held power from 1948 to 1960. On March 15, 1960, South Korea held a presidential election. The Liberal Party, which included Syngman Rhee and Lee Ki-poong, won by a very wide margin and was accused of electoral fraud. As a result, the April Revolution took place in April 1960. President Rhee resigned on April 26, 1960. Lee Ki-poong's family also resigned. On April 28, 1960, in an annex of Rhee's mansion, Lee Ki-poong's first son, Lee Kang-seok (1937 – April 28, 1960) shot Lee Ki-poong and his family and then killed himself in a murder–suicide. See also * April Revolution The April Revolution ( ko, 4.19 혁명), also called the April 19 Revoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang Myon
Chang Myon (hangul: 장면; hanja: 張勉; August28, 1899June4, 1966) was a South Korean statesman, educator, diplomat, journalist and social activist as well as a Roman Catholic youth activist. He was the only prime minister of the parliamentary Second Republic. In addition, during the First Republic he was the fourth and last vice president of South Korea. His styled name ('' ho'') was Unseok (운석, 雲石). His English name was John Chang Myon (baptismal name, surname, given name). Under Japanese rule, Chang worked in education as a school teacher, administrator, and principal. In 1948, he led the delegation of the Republic of Korea to the UN General Assembly. In 1949, he became the first ambassador of the Republic of Korea to the United States. In 1950, he successfully appealed to the United States and the UN to send troops to assist in the Korean War. On November 23, 1950, he was appointed the second prime minister of the First Republic of Korea. From 1956 to 1960, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (South Korea, 1955)
The Democratic Party (, DP) was a political party in South Korea. The party was the first truly organized liberal opposition against Syngman Rhee's Liberal Party, and is considered as the predecessor to the lineage of the South Korean liberal parties. History The Democratic Party was established on 18 September 1955. It had its background in a 1952 move by the Democratic Nationalist Party to create a pro-reform movement that included both party members and outside figures. Although not initially successful in overcoming the party's poor public image, controversy over a constitutional amendment vote towards the end of 1954 led to the formation of a 60-member bloc in Parliament that became the Democratic Party.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp667–668 Several prominent conservatives joined the party, resulting in the party refusing to admit left-wing politicians. The party did not nominate a presidential candidate in the 195 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1956 South Korean Presidential Election
Presidential and vice-presidential elections were held in South Korea on 15 May 1956. The result was a victory for Syngman Rhee, who won 70.0% of the vote. Voter turnout was 94.4%. Rhee, who at that time held a virtual monopoly on political power, was opposed by Shin Ik-hee and Cho Bong-am Cho Bong-am (, 25 September 1898 – 31 July 1959) was a South Korean independence activist and politician, who ran for president in the South Korean presidential election in 1956. He was a founding member of the Communist Party of Korea (조 .... Shin died before the election by disease, and Cho campaigned on a platform of peaceful reunification in opposition to Rhee's policy of "March North and unify Korea". Cho exceeded expectations by receiving over 30% of the vote. Three years later, Cho was accused of violating the National Security Law and executed.Kim, p. 42. Results President By region Vice-President By region References {{South Korean elections 1956 elections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chough Pyung-ok
Chough Pyung-ok (also Cho Pyung-ok or Cho Byeong-ok; 1894 – 1960) was a South Korean politician. He ran against incumbent president Syngman Rhee in the 1960 presidential election but died on February 15, one month before the election on March 15. Rhee received 90% of the vote. He was the first Director of the Korean National Police from 1945 to 1949 and Minister of Home Affairs during the early stages of the Korean War. Biography Born in Mokcheon, a neighbourhood in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, in 1894, Chough's family was wealthy and in 1914, sent him to the United States for his education. He attended a high school in Kingston in the state of Pennsylvania before going on to study at Columbia University in New York. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1922 and proceed to gain a Doctorate in Economics in 1925. On completing his tertiary education, Chough returned to Korea and worked as a teacher at Chǒson Christian College. A nationalist, he was imprisoned in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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