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President Of The House Of Representatives (Annam)
The House of Representatives of the People of Annam (Vietnamese: Trung kỳ Nhân dân Đại biểu viện, Hán-Nôm: 中圻人民代表院, French: Chambre des Représentants du Peuple de l'Annam) was an advisory body for the French Indochinese colonial government in the protectorate of Annam (nowadays Central Vietnam). It was involved with economic, financial and social issues of the protectorate. The chamber was established by a decree on February 24, 1926 of Governor-General of Indochina Alexandre Varenne. The predecessor of the chamber was the Indigenous Consultative Council of Annam (Vietnamese: Hội đồng Tư vấn Bản xứ Trung Kỳ, French: Chambre consultative Indigène l’Annam). The body officially ceased its operation on May 12, 1945, after a decree of dissolution by Emperor Bảo Đại following the Japanese coup d'état against the French colonial authorities in Indochina. Prominent figures of the Vietnamese independence and anti-colonial movements ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unicameral
Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multicameralism (two or more chambers). Many multicameral legislatures were created to give separate voices to different sectors of society. Multiple houses allowed, for example, for a guaranteed representation of different social classes (as in the Parliament of the United Kingdom or the French States-General). Sometimes, as in New Zealand and Denmark, unicameralism comes about through the abolition of one of two bicameral chambers, or, as in Sweden, through the merger of the two chambers into a single one, while in others a second chamber has never existed from the beginning. Rationale for unicameralism and criticism The principal advantage of a unicameral system is more efficient lawmaking, as the legislative process is simpler and there is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
Huỳnh Thúc Kháng ( chữ Hán: ; 1 October 1876 – 21 April 1947), also known as Cụ Huỳnh (lit: 'Great-grandfather' Huỳnh), was a Vietnamese anti-colonial activist, statesman and journalist, most notably serving as Acting President of Vietnam and President of the Annamese House of Representatives. He was born in Tiên Phước District in Quảng Nam Province, the same district from which Phan Chu Trinh hailed. Kháng went on to top the imperial examinations in 1900. Along with Phan Chu Trinh and Trần Quý Cáp, Kháng led the Duy Tân movement, for which he was imprisoned in Côn Đảo island by the French from 1908 to 1919. He was elected to the House of Representatives of the Protectorate of Annam and served as its President from 1926 to 1928. In 1927, he founded the Huế-based '' Tiếng Dân'' newspaper, which gained prominence among the Vietnamese intelligentsia at the time but was shut down by the colonial authority in 1943. Following the August Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Bracket
Tax brackets are the divisions at which tax rates change in a progressive tax system (or an explicitly regressive tax system, though that is rarer). Essentially, tax brackets are the cutoff values for taxable income—income past a certain point is taxed at a higher rate. Example Imagine that there are three tax brackets: 10%, 20%, and 30%. The 10% rate applies to income from $1 to $10,000; the 20% rate applies to income from $10,001 to $20,000; and the 30% rate applies to all income above $20,000. Under this system, someone earning $10,000 is taxed at 10%, paying a total of $1,000. Someone earning $5,000 pays $500, and so on. Meanwhile, someone who earns $25,000 faces a more complicated calculation. The rate on the first $10,000 is 10%, from $10,001 to $20,000 is 20%, and above that is 30%. Thus, they pay $1,000 for the first $10,000 of income (10%), $2,000 for the second $10,000 of income (20%), and $1,500 for the last $5,000 of income (30%), In total, they pay $4,500, or an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin (bureaucrat)
A mandarin () was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam. The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system; it sometimes includes the eunuchs also involved in the governance of the above realms. History and use of the term The English term comes from the Portuguese ''mandarim'' (spelled in Old Portuguese as ''mandarin,'' ). The Portuguese word was used in one of the earliest Portuguese reports about China: letters from the imprisoned survivors of the Tomé Pires' embassy, which were most likely written in 1524, and in Castanheda's ''História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos portugueses'' (c. 1559). Matteo Ricci, who entered mainland China from Portuguese Macau in 1583, also said the Portuguese used the word. The Portuguese word was thought by many to be related to ''mandador'' ("one who commands") and ''mandar'' ("to command"), from Latin ''mandare''. Modern dictionaries, however, agree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viện Cơ Mật
The Viện cơ mật or "Secret Institute" (chữ Nôm: 院機密; chữ Hán: 機密院), established in 1834, was the Privy Council and key mandarin agency of the royal court of Vietnam's final Nguyễn dynasty at Huế, until the end of the dynasty in 1945. History The Minh Mạng Emperor established the Viện cơ mật (Privy Council) along with the ''Nội các Viên'' (Cabinet, Grand Secretariat) as the main agencies of the court's administration. The Privy Council, or Secret Institute, comprised four of the most senior mandarins.The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and ... - Page 757 Spencer C. Tucker - 2011 "At the capital of Hue, Minh Mang established the Noi Cac Vien (Grand Secretariat) and the Co Mat Vien (Privy Council). The rest of the bureaucracy was also re- organized with the creation of a nine-rank mandarin corps. It was also under Minh Minh Mạng based the relationship of the ''Nội các'' and the ''Cơ mật viện'' on the relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constituency
An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger State (polity), state (a country, administrative region, or other polity) created to provide its population with representation in the larger state's legislative body. That body, or the state's constitution or a body established for that purpose, determines each district's boundaries and whether each will be represented by a Single-member district, single member or multiple members. Generally, only voters (''constituents'') who Residency (domicile), reside within the district are permitted to vote in an election held there. District representatives may be elected by a first past the post, first-past-the-post system, a Proportional representation, proportional representative system, or another voting system, voting method. They may be selected by a direct election under universal suffrage, an ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislator
A legislator (also known as a deputy or lawmaker) is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are often elected by the people of the state. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national (for example, the United States Congress), or local (for example, local authorities). Overview The political theory of the separation of powers requires legislators to be independent individuals from the members of the executive and the judiciary. Certain political systems adhere to this principle, others do not. In the United Kingdom, for example, the executive is formed almost exclusively from legislators (members of Parliament) although the judiciary is mostly independent (until reforms in 2005, the Lord Chancellor uniquely was a legislator, a member of the executive - indeed, the Cabinet - and a judge, while until 2009 the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary were both judges and legislators as membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Democratic Republic Of Vietnam
The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, lit=Chairman of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam National Assembly from delegates of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, formally after the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In addition, the president appoints the head of government, the Prime Minister. As head of state, the President represents Vietnam both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The president must be a delegate of the National Assembly and is traditionally a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. The Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huế
Huế () is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city served as the old Imperial City and administrative capital for the Nguyễn dynasty and later functioned as the administrative capital of the protectorate of Annam during the French Indochina period. It contains a UNESCO-designated site, the Complex of Huế Monuments, which is a popular tourist attraction. Alongside its moat and thick stone walls the complex encompasses the Imperial City of Huế, with palaces and shrines; the Forbidden Purple City, once the emperor's home; and a replica of the Royal Theater. Nearly 4.2 million visitors had visited the city in 2019 and many of its historic landmarks are still undergoing restoration. History The oldest ruins in Hue belong to the Kingdom of Lam Ap, dating back to the 4th century AD. The ruins of its capital, the ancient ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
