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Praying Indians Of Natick
The Praying Indians of Natick were a community of Indigenous Christian converts, known as Praying Indians, in the town of Natick, Massachusetts, one of many Praying Towns. They were also known as Natick Indians. Natick was founded by John Eliot (missionary), John Eliot (1604 – 1690), an English-born Puritan missionary active in Massachusetts.Bacon, ''A History of Natick'', pg. 12 He learned the Massachusett language, preached to regional tribes in this lingua franca, and translated the Bible into that language. The community was in southern Middlesex County, Massachusetts,Bacon, ''A History of Natick'', p. 1 part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony at the time. Its name is typically translated to "A Place of Hills." Eliot and the Praying Indians first settled this planned community in 1651. Identity In the era following King Philip's War (1675–1678), Native American communities were often names by the locations in which they lived.Conkey, Boissevan, and Goddard, pg. 187 While thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praying Indians
Praying Indian is a 17th-century term referring to Native Americans of New England, New York, Ontario, and Quebec who converted to Christianity either voluntarily or involuntarily. Many groups are referred to by the term, but it is more commonly used for tribes that were organized into villages. The villages were known as praying towns and were established by missionaries such as the Puritan leader John Eliot and Jesuit missionaries who established the St. Regis and Kahnawake (formerly known as Caughnawaga) and the missions among the Huron in western Ontario. Early history In 1646, the General Court of Massachusetts passed an "Act for the Propagation of the Gospel amongst the Indians." It and the success of Reverend John Eliot and other missionaries preaching Christianity to the New England tribes raised interest in England. In 1649, the Long Parliament passed an ordination forming "A Corporation for the Promoting and Propagating the Gospel of Jesus Christ in New England," ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wenepoykin
Wenepoykin (1616–1684) also known as Winnepurkett, Sagamore George, George No Nose, and George Rumney Marsh was a Native American leader who was the Sachem of the Naumkeag people when English began to settle in the area. Early life Wenepoykin was born in 1616. He was the youngest son of Nanepashemet and the Squaw Sachem of Mistick. He was 13 years old when the English began settling in the area. By that time he was sachem of Naumkeag (although he may have received assistance from an older family member until he came of age). His brothers, Montowampate and Wonohaquaham, died during the 1633 smallpox epidemic, and he became Sachem of Lynn, Massachusetts and Chelsea, Massachusetts (which also included the present-day towns of Reading, North Reading, Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscott, Nahant, Wakefield, Marblehead, Revere, and Winthrop, as well as Deer Island). Although he survived the epidemic, Wenepoykin was disfigured from smallpox, which resulted in the nickname George No Nos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French And Indian War
The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was a theater of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on their native allies. Two years into the French and Indian War, in 1756, Great Britain declared war on France, beginning the worldwide Seven Years' War. Many view the French and Indian War as being merely the American theater of this conflict; however, in the United States the French and Indian War is viewed as a singular conflict which was not associated with any European war. French Canadians call it the ('War of the Conquest').: 1756–1763 The British colonists were supported at various times by the Iroquois, Catawba, and Cherokee tribes, and the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Father Le Loutre's War
Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755), also known as the Indian War, the Mi'kmaq War and the Anglo-Mi'kmaq War, took place between King George's War and the French and Indian War in Acadia and Nova Scotia. On one side of the conflict, the British and New England colonists were led by British officer Charles Lawrence and New England Ranger John Gorham. On the other side, Father Jean-Louis Le Loutre led the Mi'kmaq and the Acadia militia in guerrilla warfare against settlers and British forces. At the outbreak of the war there were an estimated 2500 Mi'kmaq and 12,000 Acadians in the region. While the British captured Port Royal in 1710 and were ceded peninsular Acadia in 1713, the Mi'kmaq and Acadians continued to contain the British in settlements at Port Royal and Canso. The rest of the colony was in the control of the Catholic Mi'kmaq and Acadians. About forty years later, the British made a concerted effort to settle Protestants in the region and to establish military ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King George's War
King George's War (1744–1748) is the name given to the military operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars. It took place primarily in the British provinces of New York, Massachusetts Bay (which included Maine as well as Massachusetts at the time), New Hampshire (which included Vermont at the time), and Nova Scotia. Its most significant action was an expedition organized by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley that besieged and ultimately captured the French fortress of Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, in 1745. In French, it is known as the ''Troisième Guerre Intercoloniale'' or Third Intercolonial War. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war in 1748 and restored Louisbourg to France, but failed to resolve any outstanding territorial issues. Causes The War of Jenkins' Ear (named for a 1731 incident in which a Spanish commander sliced off the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dummer's War
Dummer's War (1722–1725) is also known as Father Rale's War, Lovewell's War, Greylock's War, the Three Years War, the Wabanaki-New England War, or the Fourth Anglo-Abenaki War. It was a series of battles between the New England Colonies and the Wabanaki Confederacy (specifically the Miꞌkmaq, Maliseet, Penobscot, and Abenaki), who were allied with New France. The eastern theater of the war was located primarily along the border between New England and Acadia in Maine, as well as in Nova Scotia; the western theater was located in northern Massachusetts and Vermont at the border between Canada (New France) and New England. During this time, Maine and Vermont were part of Massachusetts.The Nova Scotia theater of the Dummer War is named the "Mi'kmaq-Maliseet War". John Grenier. ''The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710-1760''. University of Oklahoma Press. 2008. The root cause of the conflict on the Maine frontier concerned the border between Acadia and New England, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. In Europe, it is generally viewed as the American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession; in the Americas, it is more commonly viewed as a standalone conflict. It is also known as the Third Indian War. In France it was known as the Second Intercolonial War. Outline of the war The war broke out in 1701 and was primarily a conflict among French, Spanish and English colonists for control of the North American continent while the War of the Spanish Succession was being fought in Europe. Each side was allied with various Indigenous communities. It was fought on four fronts: # In the south, Spanish Florida and the English Province of Carolina attacked one another, and English colonists engaged French colonists based at Fort Louis de la Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King William's War
King William's War (also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin's War, Castin's War, or the First Intercolonial War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also known as the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg. It was the first of six colonial wars (see the four French and Indian Wars, Father Rale's War and Father Le Loutre's War) fought between New France and New England along with their respective Native allies before France ceded its remaining mainland territories in North America east of the Mississippi River in 1763. For King William's War, neither England nor France thought of weakening their position in Europe to support the war effort in North America. New France and the Wabanaki Confederacy were able to thwart New England expansion into Acadia, whose border New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine. According to the terms of the 1697 Peace of Ryswick that ended the Nine Years' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Littleton, Massachusetts
Littleton (historically Nipmuc: ''Nashoba'') is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 10,141 at the 2020 census. For geographic and demographic information on the neighborhood of Littleton Common, please see the article Littleton Common, Massachusetts. History 17th century Littleton was the site of the sixth Praying Indian village established by John Eliot in 1645 consisting of mainly Native Americans of the Nipmuc and Pennacook tribes. It was called Nashoba Plantation, on the land between Lake Nagog and Fort Pond. The term "Praying Indian" referred to Native Americans who had been converted to Christianity. Daniel Gookin, in his ''Historical Collections of the Indians in New England'', (1674) chapter vii. says: Nashobah is the sixth praying Indian town. This village is situated, in a manner, in the centre, between Chelmsford, Lancaster, Groton and Concord. It lieth from Boston about twenty-five miles west north west. The inhabitants are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennacook
The Pennacook, also known by the names Penacook and Pennacock, were an Algonquian-speaking Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands who lived in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and southern Maine. They were not a united tribe but a network of politically and culturally allied communities. Penacook was also the name of a specific Native village in what is now Concord, New Hampshire. The Pennacook were related to but not a part of the original Wabanaki Confederacy, which includes the Miꞌkmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot peoples. David Stewart-Smith argues that the Penacook are Central Abenaki people. Name Pennacook is also written as Penacook and Pennacock. The name ''Pennacook'' roughly translates (based on Abenaki cognates) as "at the bottom of the hill." Territory Their southern neighbors were the Massachusett and Wampanoag to the south. Pennacook territory bordered the Connecticut River in the West, Lake Winnipesauke in the north, the Piscataqua to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wonalancet (Sachem)
Wonalancet (16191697) also spelled Wannalancet and Wannalancit and probably Wanaloset and Wanalosett — was a sachem or Sagamore (title), sagamore of the Pennacook, Penacook Indians. He was the son of Passaconaway. Biography Wonalancet was born 1619 after one of the worst epidemics in human history killed 75-90% of the populations of the indigenous peoples of New England. He was supposedly born near Pawtucket Falls (Massachusetts), Pawtucket Falls in what is now Lowell, Massachusetts, where his father was politically active trying to bring political stability among allies. He was most likely the second son of his father, Passaconaway, whose Pennacook, Penacook or Pennacook confederation of Upper Merrimack bands was at the time closely allied with the Pawtucket tribe, Pawtucket confederation of bands along the lower Merrimack (as well as the coastal tribes from the North Shore to the Saco in Maine). The previous "bashaba," or "chief of chiefs" of the alliance had been Nanepashemet, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marlborough, Massachusetts
Marlborough is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 41,793 at the 2020 census. Marlborough became a prosperous industrial town in the 19th century and made the transition to high technology industry in the late 20th century after the construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike. Marlborough was declared a town in 1660. It was incorporated as a city in 1890 when it changed its municipal charter from a New England town meeting system to a mayor–council government. History John Howe in 1656 was a fur trader and built a house at the intersection of two Indian trails, Nashua Trail and Connecticut path. He could speak the language of the Algonquian Indians though the local tribe referred to themselves as the Pennacooks. The settlers were welcomed by the Indians because they protected them from other tribes they were at war with. In the 1650s, several families left the nearby town of Sudbury, 18 miles west of Boston, to start a new town. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
