|
Potosí Mountain Range
The Potosí mountain range in Bolivia is situated east and southeast of the city of Potosí. It is at least 25 km long stretching from north to south. Its highest mountain is Khunurana (Anaruyu) rising up to 5,071 m (16,637 ft). The features of the range are considered the product of volcanic activity known as the Khari Khari caldera (19º43'S; 65º38'W). The caldera is about 40 km long and 25 km at its widest point. The range was named ''Cordillera de Potosí'' by the German alpinist Henry Hoek in 1903. He collected information about the range like the local names and published several papers about it. The inhabitants of the area, however, use the names Khari Khari for the northern part and Anta Q'awa for the southern one. The two sections are separated by a depression, the Jach'a Molino Pampa. Mountains Khari Khari range The Khari Khari range contains a number of mountains which are more than 4,900 m high, the highest elevation being Khari K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khari Khari Lakes
__NOTOC__ The Khari Khari Lakes (Quechua language, Quechua ''khari khari'' a thorny medical plant, a species of rubus, hispanicized spellings ''Cari Cari, Kari Kari, Kari-Kari'') are two closely connected artificial lakes, San Ildefonso and San Pablo (now integrated into San Ildefonso) situated in the Potosí mountain range, Khari Khari mountain range of Bolivia. The lakes lie about 8 km east of Potosí in the Potosí Department, Tomás Frías Province, Potosí Municipality, population data and map northeast of the lakes named San Sebastián and Planilla which are also artificial lakes. See also * Khari KhariReferences Lakes of Potosí Department {{Potosí-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerro Rico
Cerro Rico (Spanish for "Rich Mountain"), Cerro Potosí ("Potosí Mountain") or Sumaq Urqu (Quechuan languages, Quechua ''sumaq'' "beautiful, good, pleasant", ''urqu'' "mountain", "beautiful (good or pleasant) mountain"), is a mountain in the Andes near the Bolivian city of Potosí. Cerro Rico, which is popularly conceived of as being "made of" silver ore, is famous for providing vast quantities of silver for the Spanish Empire, most of which was shipped to metropolitan Spain. It is estimated that eighty-five percent of the silver produced in the central Andes during this time came from Cerro Rico. As a result of mining operations in the mountain, the city of Potosí became one of the largest cities in the New World. History The Cerro Rico de Potosí was the richest source of silver in the history of mankind. The extraction of mineral ores in Cerro Rico de Potosí began in 1545 by the Spanish Empire. Between the 16th and 18th century, 80% of the world's silver supply came out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordillera De Los Frailes
The Cordillera de los Frailes is a mountainous region in the central parts of the Bolivian Andes. Geographical location The Cordillera de los Frailes stretches along the north-eastern parts of Potosí Department bordering the north-western Chuquisaca Department. It consists of mainly two parts: the western region is a volcanic field of subhorizontal, undeformed ignimbrites dating back to upper Miocene, about 5 to 23 million years from today; the eastern part, the so-called Maragua Syncline which is much older, is a mountain range of sedimentary rock of Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...-Paleocene origin in a north–south thrust. The Cordillera de los Frailes borders Poopó Lake in the northwest and stretches between a line Challapata-Macha-Ravelo in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Q'umir Qucha (Bolivia)
__NOTOC__ Q'umir Qucha ( Quechua ''q'umir'' green, ''qucha'' lake, "green lake", hispanicized spelling ''Khomer Khocha'') is a small artificial lake in Bolivia south east of Potosí. It is about 0.24 km long and 0.17 km at its widest point. The lake is part of the river basin of the upper Pillku Mayu. Q'umir Qucha is situated in the Anta Q'awa mountain range, the southern part of the Potosí mountain range in the Potosí Department in the north of the José María Linares Province. It lies east of the mountain Q'umir Qucha, north-west of Khunurana and north-east of the larger lake Santa Catalina. Near Q'umir Qucha in the east there is a slightly smaller lake named Muyu Qucha. Both lakes drain to Santa Catalina Lake, Q'umir Qucha via Q'umir Qucha River and Muyu Qucha via Muyu Qucha River. Santa Catalina Lake drains to Juk'ucha River.K.J. Palmer et al., Preliminary evaluation of limestone-based passive treatment systems for low-pH acid mine drainage in Andean Bolivia This rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T'ala Qucha
__NOTOC__ T'ala Qucha ( Quechua ''t'ala'' muddy, ''qucha'' lake, "muddy lake", also spelled ''Tala Khocha'') is a lake in the Potosí mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Potosí Department, José María Linares Province José María Linares is a province in the eastern parts of the Bolivian department of Potosí. Its capital is Puna. Location José María Linares province is one of sixteen provinces in the Potosí Department. It is located between 19° 30' and ..., in the west of the Puna Municipality. T'ala Qucha lies south-east of the mountain Jatun Kunturiri, between the mountains Ch'aki Qucha in the north-east and Kunturiri in the south-west.Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 Puna 6434-I (unnamed) References Lakes of Potosí Department {{Potosí-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smelter
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including Silver mining#Ore processing, silver, iron-making, iron, copper extraction, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal base behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil fuel source of carbon, such as coke (fuel), coke—or, in earlier times, charcoal. The oxygen in the ore binds to carbon at high temperatures due to the Chemical energy, lower potential energy of the bonds in carbon dioxide (). Smelting most prominently takes place in a blast furnace to produce pig iron, which is converted into steel. The carbon source acts as a chemical reactant to remove oxygen from the ore, yielding the purified metal Chemical element, element as a product. The carbon source is oxidized in two stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Bolivia To 1809
Francisco Pizarro and his fellow conquistadors from the rapidly growing Spanish Empire first arrived in the New World in 1524. But even before the arrival of the Europeans, the Inca Empire was floundering. Pizarro enjoyed stunning successes in his military campaign against the Incas, who were defeated despite some resistance. In 1538, the Spaniards defeated Inca forces near Lake Titicaca, allowing Spanish penetration into central and southern Bolivia. Although native resistance continued for some years, Spanish conquerors pushed forward, founding cities of La Paz in 1549 and Santa Cruz de la Sierra in 1561. In the region then known as Upper Peru, the Spaniards found the mineral treasure chest they had been searching for - Potosí had the Western world's largest concentration of silver. At its height in the 16th century, Potosí supported a population of more than 150,000, making it the world's largest urban center. In the 1570s, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo introduced a coercive fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yana Urqu (Linares)
Yana Urqu ( Quechua ''yana'' black, ''urqu'' mountain, "black mountain", other spellings ''Yana Orco, Yana Orkho'') is a mountain in the Anta Q'awa mountain range of the Bolivian Andes, about 4,860 m (15,945 ft) high. It is situated south-east of Potosí in the Potosí Department, in the north of the José María Linares Province. Yana Urqu lies south-east and east of the mountains Q'umir Qucha and Khunurana.BIGM map 1:50,000 6434-I Puna See also * Jatun Kunturiri Jatun Kunturiri ( Quechua ''hatun'', in Bolivia always ''jatun'' big, great, Aymara ''kunturi'' condor, ''-ri'' Aymara suffix, hispanicized spellings ''Jatun Condoriri, Jatún Condoriri'') is a mountain in the Potosí mountain range of the Boli ... References Mountains of Potosí Department {{Potosí-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yana Mayu (Potosí)
Yana Mayu ( Quechua ''yana'' black, ''mayu'' river, "black river") is a mountain in the Potosí mountain range of the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Potosí Department, on the border of the Cornelio Saavedra Province, Chaqui Municipality, and the José María Linares Province José María Linares is a province in the eastern parts of the Bolivian department of Potosí. Its capital is Puna. Location José María Linares province is one of sixteen provinces in the Potosí Department. It is located between 19° 30' and ..., Puna Municipality. It is situated northeast of Jatun Kunturiri. The lakes named Kimsa Qucha ("three lakes", ''Quimsa Khocha'') and Q'ara Qucha ("bare lake", ''Khara Khocha'') lie at its feet. References Mountains of Potosí Department {{Potosí-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Q'umir Qucha (Bolivia)
Q'umir Qucha ( Quechua ''q'umir'' green, ''qucha'' lake, "green lake", other spellings ''Comer Cocha, Khomer Khocha'') is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes, about 5,020 m (16,470 ft) high. It is located in the Anta Q'awa mountain range, the southern part of the Potosí mountain range. Q'umir Qucha is situated south-east of Potosí in the Potosí Department, in the north of the José María Linares Province José María Linares is a province in the eastern parts of the Bolivian department of Potosí. Its capital is Puna. Location José María Linares province is one of sixteen provinces in the Potosí Department. It is located between 19° 30' and .... Q'umir Qucha lies north-west of the mountain Khunurana and the Yana Urqu group and south-west of the mountain Anta Q'awa. The small lake Q'umir Qucha lies at its feet, east of it. The larger lake south of Q'umir Qucha is Santa Catalina.BIGM map 1:50,000 6434-I Puna References Mountains of Potosí Departme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P'ukru (Bolivia)
P'ukru ( Quechua for hole, pit, gap in a surface, also spelled ''Phujro'') or Phujru ( Aymara for hole or pit in the earth without water, not very deep) is a mountain in the Potosí mountain range in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Tomás Frías Province, in the south of the Potosí Municipality Potosí Municipality is the capital municipality of the Tomás Frías Province in the Potosí Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Potosí which is the capital of the department as well. Geography The Potosí mountain range traverses the munic .... P'ukru lies southwest of Khunurana and a mountain named Q'umir Qucha. References Mountains of Potosí Department {{Potosí-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunturiri (Linares)
Kunturiri ( Aymara ''kunturi'' condor, ''-(i)ri'' a suffix, Hispanicized spelling ''Condoriri'') is a mountain in the Potosí mountain range in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated south-east of Potosí in the Potosí Department, José María Linares Province, in the west of the Puna Municipality. Kunturiri lies south of the mountain Jatun Kunturiri Jatun Kunturiri ( Quechua ''hatun'', in Bolivia always ''jatun'' big, great, Aymara ''kunturi'' condor, ''-ri'' Aymara suffix, hispanicized spellings ''Jatun Condoriri, Jatún Condoriri'') is a mountain in the Potosí mountain range of the Boli ... and west of the lake T'ala Qucha. (unnamed) References Mountains of Potosí Department {{Potosí-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
