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Post-Fordist
Post-Fordism is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. It is contrasted with Fordism, the system formulated in Henry Ford's automotive factories, in which workers work on a production line, performing specialized tasks repetitively, and organized through Taylorist scientific management. Definitions of the nature and scope of post-Fordism vary considerably and are a matter of debate among scholars. Changes in the nature of the workforce include the growth of labor processes and workflows relying on information and communication technologies and digital labor. Overview Post-Fordism is characterized by the following attributes: *Small-batch production *Economies of scope *Specialized products and jobs *New information technologies *Emphasis on types of consumers in contrast to previous emphasis on social class *The rise of the service and the white-collar worker *T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fordism
Fordism is a manufacturing technology that serves as the basis of modern economic and social systems in industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption. The concept is named after Henry Ford. It is used in social, economic, and management theory about production, working conditions, consumption, and related phenomena, especially regarding the 20th century. It describes an ideology of advanced capitalism centered around the American socioeconomic systems in place in the post-war economic boom. Overview Fordism is "the eponymous manufacturing system designed to produce standardized, low-cost goods and afford its workers decent enough wages to buy them." It has also been described as "a model of economic expansion and technological progress based on mass production: the manufacture of standardized products in huge volumes using special purpose machinery and unskilled labor." Although Fordism was a method used to improve productivity in the automotive industry, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Production
Production is the process of combining various inputs, both material (such as metal, wood, glass, or plastics) and immaterial (such as plans, or knowledge) in order to create output. Ideally this output will be a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. The area of economics that focuses on production is called production theory, and it is closely related to the consumption (or consumer) theory of economics. The production process and output directly result from productively utilising the original inputs (or factors of production). Known as primary producer goods or services, land, labour, and capital are deemed the three fundamental production factors. These primary inputs are not significantly altered in the output process, nor do they become a whole component in the product. Under classical economics, materials and energy are categorised as secondary factors as they are byproducts of land, labour and capital. Delving further, primary factors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alain Lipietz
Alain Lipietz (born September 19, 1947 as Alain Guy Lipiec) is a French engineer, economist and politician, a former Member of the European Parliament, and a member of the French Green Party. He has, however, been suspended from the party since 25 March 2014 and is an elected local politician in Val de Bièvre, Paris, France. Education and background Alain Lipietz was raised in Paris in a middle class, Leftist family. His mother was French and his father was a Jewish Pole, who had fled antisemitism in Poland at the age of two and arrived in France in 1924. They had three children. Lipietz was a precocious child, winning a prize at the age of 15 for public speaking. He studied at the exclusive ''École polytechnique'' as an engineer (entered in 1966) and the ''École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées'' (diploma in 1971). He had participated in the May '68 protests in Paris, and seen the plight of miners in the north of France, prompting him to study economics, obtaining a Master ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurizio Lazzarato
Maurizio Lazzarato (born 1955) is an Italian sociologist and philosopher, residing in Paris, France. In the 1970s, he was an activist in the workers' movement (Autonomia Operaia) in Italy. Lazzarato was a founding member of the editorial board of the journal ''Multitudes''. He is a researcher at Matisse/CNRS, Pantheon-Sorbonne University (University Paris I), and a member of the International College of Philosophy in Paris. Biography Lazzarato studied at the University of Padua in the 1970s, where he was active in the Autonomia Operaia movement. He left Italy in the late 1970s for exile in France to escape political prosecution, although the charges against him were abandoned in the 1990s. Thought Lazzarato is known for his essay " Immaterial Labor" that appeared in a collection of contemporary Italian political theory edited by Marxist philosophers Michael Hardt and Paolo Virno, called ''Radical Thought in Italy'' (1996). His research focuses on immaterial labor, the transfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Vercellone
Carlo Vercellone (10 January 181419 January 1869) was an Italian biblical scholar. Biography Carlo was born at Biella. He entered the Order of the Barnabites at Genoa, in 1829; studied philosophy at Turin and theology at Rome, under Luigi Ungarelli. He taught the sacred sciences at Alessandria, Turin, Perugia and Parma. In 1847, was made president of the college of the Barnabites at Rome, a position which he held together with the charge first of procurator, and then superior general of his order, and with various offices in several Roman Congregations, until his death at Rome on 19 January 1869. Works His first publication was (1857) the edition (5 quarto volumes) of the Vatican manuscript (B) of the Scriptures prepared by Cardinal Mai under the auspices of Leo XII and printed from 1828 to 1838, to which he added by way of preface a letter to the reader. That this edition was far from perfect, Mai himself had well realized, and Vercellone publicly acknowledged in the above-ment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paolo Virno
Paolo Virno (; ; born 1952) is an Italian philosopher, Semiotics, semiologist and a figurehead for the Italian Marxism, Marxist movement. Implicated in belonging to illegal social movements during the 1960s and 1970s, Virno was arrested and jailed in 1979, accused of belonging to the Red Brigades. He spent several years in prison before finally being acquitted, after which he organized the publication ''Luogo Comune'' (Italian language, Italian for "wikt:commonplace, commonplace") in order to vocalize the political ideas he developed during his imprisonment. Virno currently teaches philosophy at the Roma Tre University, University of Rome. Biography Virno was born in Naples, but spent his childhood and adolescence in Genoa. He had his first political experiences when joining the social movements of 1968—the association between personal fulfillment and anti-capitalism, typical of the ''critique artiste'' of the 1960s, which then constituted one of the key reasons for his politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Negri
Antonio "Toni" Negri (born 1 August 1933) is an Italian Spinozistic- Marxist sociologist and political philosopher, best known for his co-authorship of ''Empire'' and secondarily for his work on Spinoza. Born in Padua, he became a political philosophy professor in his hometown university. Negri founded the ''Potere Operaio'' (Worker Power) group in 1969 and was a leading member of ''Autonomia Operaia''. As one of the most popular theorists of Autonomism, he has published hugely influential books urging "revolutionary consciousness." He was accused in the late 1970s of various charges including being the mastermind of the left-wing terrorist organization Red Brigades (''Brigate Rosse'' or BR), involved in the May 1978 kidnapping of Aldo Moro, two-time prime minister of Italy, and leader of the Christian-Democrat Party, among others. He was wrongly suspected to have made a threatening phone call on behalf of the BR, but the court was unable to conclusively prove his ties. Nev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomia
Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendencies became significant after influence from the Situationists, the failure of Italian far-left movements in the 1970s, and the emergence of a number of important theorists including Antonio Negri, who had contributed to the 1969 founding of as well as Mario Tronti, Paolo Virno and Franco "Bifo" Berardi. George Katsiaficas summarizes the forms of autonomous movements saying that "In contrast to the centralized decisions and hierarchical authority structures of modern institutions, autonomous social movements involve people directly in decisions affecting their everyday lives, seeking to expand democracy and help individuals break free of political structures and behavior patterns imposed from the outside". This has involved a call for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workerism
Workerism is a political theory that emphasizes the importance of or glorifies the working class. Workerism, or , was of particular significance in Italian left-wing politics. As revolutionary praxis Workerism (or ) is a political analysis, whose main elements were to merge into autonomism, that starts out from the power of the working class. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, known as operaist and autonomist writers, offer a definition of , quoting from Marx as they do so: : builds on Marx's claim that capital reacts to the struggles of the working class; the working class is active and capital reactive. :Technological development: Where there are strikes, machines will follow. "It would be possible to write a whole history of the inventions made since 1830 for the sole purpose of providing capital with weapons against working-class revolt." (''Capital'', Vol. 1, Chapter 15, Section 5) :Political development: The factory legislation in England was a response to the working cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Storper
Michael Storper is an economic and urban geographerLatham, Alan (2017) "Michael Storper", in Koch, R. and Latham, A. (eds.) ''Key Thinkers on Cities'', London: Sage who teaches at the University of California (UCLA), Sciences Po and London School of Economics. Biography Michael Storper completed a bachelor's degree in sociology and history in 1975, followed by a masters in 1979 and a PhD in geography in 1982 from the University of California, Berkeley. In 2014 he was named by Thomson Reuters as one of the "World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds" of the 21st century for his writings being among the top 1% most cited in the field of social sciences. He is a fellow of the British Academy and in 2016 received the Founder's Medal from the Royal Geographical Society. In a 2020 article co-authored with Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, Storper argued, contrary to most existing research, that zoning regulations have no impact on housing prices. A response piece to the article by several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Freeman
Christopher Freeman (11 September 1921 – 16 August 2010) a British economist, recognised as one of the founders of the post-war school of Innovation Studies. He played a lead role in the development of the neo-Schumpeterian tradition focusing on the crucial role of innovation for economic development and of scientific and technological activities for well-being. Freeman was the founder and first Director, from 1966 to 1982, of SPRU, the Science Policy Research Unit of the University of Sussex, England, and RM Phillips Professor of Science Policy and later Professor Emeritus of at the University of Sussex. In 1986, on his formal retirement, he became visiting professor at the Aalborg University in Denmark and professorial fellow at the now Maastricht University in the Netherlands. With various colleagues, Freeman made pioneering contributions to Innovation Studies in a number of respects. As consultant for the OECD, he was responsible for the development of 'The Frascati Manu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlota Perez
Carlota Perez ( es, Carlota Pérez; born September 20, 1939, in Caracas) is a British-Venezuelan scholar specialized in technology and socio-economic development. She researches the concept of Techno-Economic Paradigm Shifts and the theory of great surges, a further development of Schumpeter's work on Kondratieff waves. In 2012 she was awarded the Silver Kondratieff Medal by the International N. D. Kondratieff Foundation and in 2021 she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Utrecht University. Career Perez is currently Honorary Professor at the Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose (IIPP) at University College London; Honorary Professor at SPRU, University of Sussex; and Adjunct Professor of Technology and Socio-Economic Development at Tallinn University of Technology (TalTEch), Tallinn, Estonia. She is also the Academic-in-Residence at Anthemis UK. From 2013 to 2016 she was Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics. Prior to that she was affiliated to CERF (Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
