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Porthidium Porrasi
:''Common names: hognose pitvipers.Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere'' Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp., 1500 plates. .'' ''Porthidium'' is a genus of venomous pitvipers found in Mexico and southward to northern South America. The name is derived from the Greek word ''portheo'' and the suffix ''-idus'', which mean "destroy" and "having the nature of", apparently a reference to the venom. As of August 2016 nine species are recognized as being valid. The snakes of the genus ''Hypnale'' in southern India and Sri Lanka look quite similar to those of this genus, possibly an example of convergent evolution. Description ''Porthidium'' is a genus of small species, adults ranging in total length (including tail) from ('' P. dunni'' and '' P. yucatanicum'') to ('' P. lansbergii'' and '' P. ophryomegas''). In addition, the body shape ranges from relatively slender (''P. ophryomegas'') to relatively stout ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porthidium Nasutum
:''Common names: hognosed pitviper, hognosed pit viper, rainforest hognosed pitviper,Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. . horned hog-nosed viper.Brown JH. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73-229. .'' ''Porthidium nasutum'' is a venomous snake, venomous Crotalinae, pitviper species found in southern Mexico, Central America and northern South America. No subspecies are currently recognized. Description Adults are usually less than in total length, and rarely more than . Females are considerably larger than males. Moderately stout and terrestrial. Geographic range Found in southern Mexico southward through Central America to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador in South America. Inhabits the Atlantic lowlands from Mexico (Tabasco and Chiapas) through Belize, Guat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porthidium Dunni
:''Common names: Dunn's hognosed pitviper.Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. 2 volumes. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. .'' ''Porthidium dunni'' is a species of venomous pitviper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to Mexico. There are no recognized subspecies. Etymology The specific name, ''dunni'', is in honor of American herpetologist Emmett Reid Dunn "in appreciation of his work on American snake fauna".Hartweg & Oliver (1938), pp. 5-6. Description Adults of ''P. dunni'' are usually in total length (including tail), with a maximum of . A moderately stout and terrestrial species, the tip of the snout is moderately elevated. Geographic range ''P. dunni'' is found in southern Mexico in the Pacific lowlands of Oaxaca and western Chiapas. The type locality given is "the immediate vicinity of the village of Tehuantepec" axaca, Mexico Habitat The preferred natural habitat of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of eight countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage. In the pre-Columbian era, Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east. Following the Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula (, also , ; es, Península de Yucatán ) is a large peninsula in southeastern Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala. The peninsula extends towards the northeast, separating the Gulf of Mexico to the north and west of the peninsula from the Caribbean Sea to the east. The Yucatán Channel, between the northeastern corner of the peninsula and Cuba, connects the two bodies of water. The peninsula is approximately in area. It has low relief, and is almost entirely composed of porous limestone. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the narrowest point in Mexico separating the Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, from the Pacific Ocean. Some consider the isthmus to be the geographic boundary between Central America and the rest of North America, placing the peninsula in Central America. Politically all of Mexico, including the Yucatán, is generally considered part of North America, while Guatemala an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiapas
Chiapas (; Tzotzil language, Tzotzil and Tzeltal language, Tzeltal: ''Chyapas'' ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises Municipalities of Chiapas, 124 municipalities and its capital and largest city is Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Other important population centers in Chiapas include Ocosingo, Tapachula, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Comitán, and Arriaga, Chiapas, Arriaga. Chiapas is the southernmost state in Mexico, and it borders the states of Oaxaca to the west, Veracruz to the northwest, and Tabasco to the north, and the Petén Department, Petén, Quiché Department, Quiché, Huehuetenango Department, Huehuetenango, and San Marcos Department, San Marcos departments of Guatemala to the east and southeast. Chiapas has a significant coastline on the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. In general, Chiapas has a humid, tropical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oaxaca
Oaxaca ( , also , , from nci, Huāxyacac ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca), is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of Mexico. It is divided into municipalities of Oaxaca, 570 municipalities, of which 418 (almost three quarters) are governed by the system of (customs and traditions) with recognized local forms of self-governance. Its capital city is Oaxaca de Juárez. Oaxaca is in southwestern Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Guerrero to the west, Puebla to the northwest, Veracruz to the north, and Chiapas to the east. To the south, Oaxaca has a significant coastline on the Pacific Ocean. The state is best known for #Indigenous peoples, its indigenous peoples and cultures. The most numerous and best known are the Zapotec peoples, Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, but there are sixteen that are officially recognized. These cultures have survived better than most others ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colima
Colima (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Colima ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Colima), is one of the 31 states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It shares its name with its capital and main city, Colima City, Colima. Colima is a small state located in Western Mexico on the central Pacific coast, and includes the four oceanic Revillagigedo Islands. Mainland Colima shares borders with the states of Jalisco and Michoacán. In addition to the capital city of Colima, the main cities are Manzanillo, Colima, Manzanillo and Tecomán. Colima is the fourth smallest state in Mexico and has the second smallest population, but has one of Mexico's highest standards of living and the lowest unemployment. However, Colima is also the state with the highest murder rate per capita and one of the highest crime rates, due to its ports being a contested area for cartels. Geography The state covers a territory of 5,455 km2 and is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraventral Scales
In snakes, the paraventral scales are the longitudinal rows of dorsal scales that contact the ventral scales. These are the first rows of dorsal scales on either side of the body and are usually slightly larger than the scales located more dorsally. In species that have mostly keeled scales, the paraventrals are usually smooth or only weakly keeled.Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. . The term ''paraventral'' may also refer to the area on either side of the ventral scales. Related scales * Dorsal scales * Ventral scales In snakes, the ventral scales or gastrosteges are the enlarged and transversely elongated scales that extend down the underside of the body from the neck to the anal scale. When counting them, the first is the anteriormost ventral scale that cont ... See also * Snake scales References Snake scales {{snake-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porthidium Volcanicum
''Porthidium volcanicum'', the Ujarran hognosed pitviper, is a venomous pitviper species endemic to Costa Rica.Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. 2 volumes. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp., 1500 plates. . No subspecies are currently recognized. Description Adults of ''P. volcanicum'' are moderately stout, with females growing to in total length (including tail). The only male ever collected was long. Geographic range ''Porthidium volcanicum'' is known only from the type locality, which is given as "Ujarrás de Buenos Aires (Valle del General, suoeste de la provincia de Puntarenas, Costa Rica)", Volcán de Buenos Aires and Valle del General in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. Habitat ''Porthidium volcanicum'' occurs in tropical moist forest Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porthidium Hespere
:''Common names: Colima hognosed pitviper.Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. .'' ''Porthidium hespere'' is a venomous pitviper species found in western Mexico. No subspecies are currently recognized. Description Known from only four specimens: two females with locality data and two other specimens without. The former were moderately stout and were in total length. The snout is unelevated to only slightly elevated. Geographic range Found in western Mexico ( Colima). The type locality given is "on a west-facing slope of the foothills ca. 12 airline km NE of Tecomán, Municipio de Ixlahuacán Ixtlahuacán Colima, Mexico, ... at an elevation of approximately 300 m." Conservation status This species is classified as Data Deficient (DD) on the IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conserva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostral Scale
The rostral scale, or rostral, in snakes and other scaled reptiles is the median plate on the tip of the snout that borders the mouth opening. Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). . It corresponds to the mental scale in the lower jaw. The term pertains to the rostrum, or nose. In snakes, the shape and size of this scale is one of many characteristics used to differentiate species from one another. Related scales *Nasorostral scale *Mental scale *Labial scales See also *Snake scales *Anatomical terms of location Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ... References {{Reflist Snake scales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canthus (snake)
In snakes and amphibians, the canthus, canthal ridge or ''canthus rostralis'',Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp. . is the angle between the flat crown of the head and the side of the head between the eye and the snout,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. . or more specifically, between the supraocular scale and the rostral scale. It is defined as a sharp ridge in many viperids, but is rounded in most rattlesnakes Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes that form the genera ''Crotalus'' and ''Sistrurus'' of the subfamily Crotalinae (the pit vipers). All rattlesnakes are vipers. Rattlesnakes are predators that live in a wide array of habitats, hunting small anima ..., for example.Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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