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Popular Regular Army
The Spanish Republican Army ( es, Ejército de la República Española) was the main branch of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939. It became known as People's Army of the Republic (''Ejército Popular de la República'') after it was reorganized, following the disbandment of the voluntary militias that were formed in July 1936 at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. History The Spanish Republican Army went through two clear phases during its existence: * The pre-Civil War phase, before the coup of July 1936 that would fracture the Spanish military institution *The Civil War reorganization of the forces that remained loyal to the established republican government. Background Following the loss of Spain's last colonies, Cuba and Philippines, in 1898, the country's armed forces grew disgruntled and the public's view toward them worsened. Military leaders resented the attitude of the Spanish politicians and the public opinion who unjustly b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Second Spanish Republic
The flag of the Second Spanish Republic, known in Spanish as ', was the official flag of Spain between 1931 and 1939 and the flag of the Spanish Republican government in exile until 1977. Its present-day use in Spain is associated with the modern republican movement, different trade unions and various left-wing political movements. History The Spanish republican flag began to be used on April 27, 1931, thirteen days after municipal elections results led to the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. This same flag had been previously displayed by certain Republican groups as an alternative to the red-and-yellow flag that they identified with the Bourbon monarchy in Spain. As a result of this previous use, the young republic proclaimed in 1931 eagerly adopted this symbol. The Republican flag was adopted on April 27 and presented to the army of the nation on May 6 with the following words: "The national uprising against tyranny, victorious s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrique Jurado Barrio
Enrique Jurado Barrio (15 September 1882 - 30 March 1965) was a Spanish military colonel who fought in the Spanish Civil War for the Second Spanish Republic. Born in a family with a strong military background, Jurado participated in the war in Morocco, and on war merits he was promoted despite his opposition to this type of promotion. During the war he commanded several military units, leading two Republican Army Corps during the Battles of Guadalajara and Brunete. In the last days of the conflict, he was in command of the General Directorate of Special Defense against Aircraft (DECA) and the Eastern Army Group, which he led during the Withdrawal from Catalonia. After the Republican defeat, he fled to France and later South America. He lived in Uruguay during his final days. Biography Military career Jurado was a descendant of a family with a long military tradition, however Enrique Jurado is a figure on whom data have always been limited due to the lack of his military file. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Galán
Francisco Galán Rodríguez (1902–1971), was a Spanish military officer. Early life He was the brother of Captain Fermin Galán and the Republican Majors José Maria and Juan Galán. Before the Spanish Civil War he was a lieutenant of the Spanish Civil Guard. Spanish Civil War In July 1936 he remained loyal to the Republican government and led one Militia column in the Somosierra front. In November 1936 he led the 3rd Mixed Brigade of the Spanish Republican Army during the Battle of Madrid. In August 1937 he was one of the Republican commanders in Asturias and in September 1937 he led the 14th Army Corps in the Asturias Campaign and on October he fled on board a fishing boat in order to avoid capture by the Nationalists. After that, in February 1938 he led the XX Corps in the Battle of Teruel, replacing Leopoldo Menéndez and he led the XII Corps during the Catalonia Offensive. On March 3, 1939, he was appointed military commander of Cartagena, but on March 4 he was arreste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José María Galán
José María Galán Rodríguez (1904–1978) was a Spanish military officer. He served in the Spanish Civil War. He was the brother of Fermín Galán, leader of the Jaca Uprising, and Francisco Galán. Before the war, he was a lieutenant of the ''Carabineros''.Thomas, Hugh. (2001). ''The Spanish Civil War.'' Penguin Books. London. p.307 Civil war José María Galán remained loyal to the Spanish government during the coup of July 1936 that triggered the Civil War. In July 1936, he led a militia column in the Somosierra front. In October 1936 he led the 3rd Mixed Brigade, one of the first such units to be established. Later he took part in the Second Battle of the Corunna Road. In June 1937 he led the 34th Division in the Segovia Offensive.Beevor, Antony. (2006).''The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939.'' Penguin Books. London. p.275 In 1938, he led the XXIII Army Corps in Andalusia. After the war, he fled to the USSR and later exiled himself to Cuba. He d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Rodríguez Lozano
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, the diminutive form (equivalent to ''Johnny'') is , with feminine form (comparable to ''Jane'', ''Joan'', or ''Joanna'') , and feminine diminutive (equivalent to ''Janet'', ''Janey'', ''Joanie'', etc.). Chinese terms * ( or 娟, 隽) 'beautiful, graceful' is a common given name for Chinese women. * () The Chinese character 卷, which in Mandarin is almost homophonic with the characters for the female name, is a division of a traditional Chinese manuscript or book and can be translated as 'fascicle', 'scroll', 'chapter', or 'volume'. Notable people * Juan (footballer, born 1979), Brazilian footballer * Juan (footballer, born 1982), Brazilian footballer * Juan (footballer, born March 2002), Brazilian footballer * Juan (footballer, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Tagüeña
Manuel Tagüeña Lacorte (1913–1971) was a Spanish military officer of the Spanish Republican Army. Before the Spanish Civil War, he was a member of the socialist youth and studied mathematics and physics at Madrid University. In July 1936 he led a militia column in the Somosierra front, in August on the Tagus front and took part in the defense of Madrid. He joined the PCE in November 1936 and was one of the first commanders of the mixed brigades. He rose through the ranks from company to army corps commander and he was promoted to Colonel. He was one of the Republican commanders in the retreat of Aragon. In the battle of the Ebro and in the Catalonia Offensive, he led the XV Army Corps of Modesto's Army of the Ebro. After Casado’s coup in March 1939 he fled from the Monòver airfield to France. After the war, he came to Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrique Líster
Enrique Líster Forján (21 April 1907 – 8 December 1994) was a Spanish communist politician and military officer. Early life Líster was born in 1907 at Ameneiro, A Coruña. A stonemason, he spent his adolescence in Cuba, before returning in 1925 and joining the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). His involvement with the revolutionary movement forced his exile until 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. In August 1931, he took part in the Cuban uprising against Gerardo Machado, who had declared martial law. Between 1932 and 1935, Líster received training in the Frunze Military Academy, one of the most respected in the Soviet Union. Spanish Civil War In 1936, when the Spanish Civil War started, he joined the Fifth Regiment.Comín Colomer, Eduardo (1973); El 5º Regimiento de Milicias Populares. Madrid. The following year, as a high-ranking army officer, commanding the 11th division of the republican army, Líster was instrumental in the defense of Madrid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Matallana
Manuel Matallana Gómez (25 December 1894 – 1952) was a Spanish officer and lawyer. A son of a military officer, he joined the Spanish army and participated in the Rif War. He supported the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War. In November 1936 he was a member of the general Miaja’s staff during the battle of Madrid. After that, he was promoted to colonel and in July 1937 he was the chief of staff of Miaja during the battle of Brunete, and then later promoted again to general. In February 1939 he said to the prime minister Negrin that it was impossible to continue the war and in March 1939 he joined Casado's coup against the Negrin government. After the end of the war, he was detained and jailed by the Nationalists Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cipriano Mera
Cipriano Mera Sanz (November 4, 1897 – October 24, 1975) was a Spanish military and political figure during the Second Spanish Republic. Early life He had two sons (Floreal and Sergio) with his partner Teresa Gómez. A bricklayer, he joined the anarchist movement and presided over the construction union of Madrid of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). During the congress celebrated in Zaragoza three months before the beginning of the Spanish Revolution, he was in favor of the most radical, collaborating sectors of the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI). Mera led a strike of construction workers, electricians, and elevator operators in Madrid in June 1936. As a result, he was imprisoned in early July. Spanish Civil War When the Spanish Civil War exploded he was released, and led a column that put down the uprising in Guadalajara, Alcalá de Henares and Cuenca. Next, he defended the dams of Lozoya, which supplied Madrid, and fought in the mountain ranges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segismundo Casado
Segismundo Casado López (10 October 1893 – 18 December 1968) was a Spanish Army officer; he served during the late Restoration, the Primo de Rivera dictatorship and the Second Spanish Republic. Following outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he sided with the Republicans, gradually rising to commander of the Army of the Centre. He is best known as leader of the coup against the government of Juan Negrín; its objectives were preventing a Communist takeover and terminating fratricidal bloodshed during the war, considered already lost. The rebels seized control of the Republican zone; in their quasi-government Casado served as the minister of defense. Negotiations with the Nationalists failed; Casado went on exile, first to Britain and from 1947 to Latin America, returning to Spain in 1961. Military career There is little clarity as to Casado’s parents. Himself he claimed - and this information is reproduced by the Spanish Real Academia de la Historia - that his parents, T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Escobar Huertas
Antonio Escobar Huerta (14 November 1879, Ceuta – 8 February 1940) was a Spanish military officer. Biography Escobar was a Catholic and a conservative. At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he was a colonel of the Spanish Civil Guard in the city of Barcelona. He remained loyal to the republican government and on 19 July with his 800 men aided decisively to the defeat of the ''coup'' in Barcelona. Later he was promoted to General, and in January 1939, he led the Republican forces in the failed Valsequillo Offensive. On 16 February 1939, he was one of the officers who said to the Prime Minister Juan Negrin that further military resistance was impossible. In March 1939, he was the commander of the Extremadura Army, supported Casado's coup and crushed the Communist resistance in Ciudad Real. On 26 March 1939, he was captured by the Nationalists and executed on 8 February 1940 in Barcelona. :es:Antonio Escobar Huerta He was buried in the Montjuïc Cemetery Montjuïc Cemete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariano Gamir Ulibarri
Mariano is a masculine name from the Romance languages, corresponding to the feminine Mariana. It is an Italian, Spanish and Portuguese variant of the Roman Marianus which derived from Marius, and Marius derived from the Roman god Mars (see also Ares) or from the Latin ''maris'' "male". Mariano and Marian are sometimes seen as a conjunction of the two female names Mary and Ann. This name is an homage to The Virgin Mary, Mother of Jesus. Mariano, as a surname, is of Italian, Spanish and Portuguese origin from the personal name ''Mariano'', from the Latin family name ''Marianus'' (a derivative of the ancient personal name ''Marius'', of Etruscan origin). In the early Christian era it came to be taken as an adjective derived from ''Maria'', and was associated with the cult of the Virgin Mary. It was borne by various early saints, including a 3rd-century martyr in Numibia and a 5th-century hermit of Berry, France. It is also a Sephardic Jewish surname derived from the term Merano. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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