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Polyvalence (other)
Polyvalence or polyvalent may refer to: *Polyvalency (chemistry), chemical species, generally atoms or molecules, which exhibit more than one chemical valence *Polyvalence (music), the musical use of more than one harmonic function of a tonality simultaneously *Polyvalent antibody, a group of antibodies that have affinity for various antigens *Polyvalent logic, a form of many-valued logic or probabilistic logic *Polyvalent vaccine, a vaccine that can vaccinate a person against more than one strain of a disease *Sala Polivalentă (other), various stadiums in Romania commonly translated as Polyvalent Hall *Snake antivenom that contains neutralizing antibodies against two or more species of snakes See also *Bivalence, principle in logic that every declaration is either true or false *Monovalence (other) *Valence (other) Valence or valency may refer to: Science * Valence (chemistry), a measure of an element's combining power with other atoms * Degree (g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvalency (chemistry)
In chemistry, polyvalency (or polyvalence, multivalency) is the property of chemical species (generally atoms or molecules) that exhibit more than one valence by forming multiple chemical bonds (Fig. 1). A bivalent species can form two bonds; a trivalent species can form three bonds; and so on. The principle of polyvalency also applies to larger species, such as antibodies, medical drugs, and even nanoparticles surface-functionalized with ligands, like spherical nucleic acids, which can show enhanced or cooperative binding compared to their monovalent counterparts. Nanoparticles with multiple nucleic acid Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main cl ... strands on their surfaces (e.g., DNA) can form multiple bonds with one another by DNA hybridization to form hierarchical asse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvalence (music)
Polytonality (also polyharmony) is the musical use of more than one key simultaneously. Bitonality is the use of only two different keys at the same time. Polyvalence or polyvalency is the use of more than one harmonic function, from the same key, at the same time. Some examples of bitonality superimpose fully harmonized sections of music in different keys. History In traditional music Lithuanian traditional singing style sutartines is based on polytonality. A typical sutartines song is based on a six-bar melody, where the first three bars contains melody based on the notes of the triad of a major key (for example, in G major), and the next three bars is based on another key, always a major second higher or lower (for example, in A major). This six-bar melody is performed as a canon, and repetition starts from the fourth bar. As a result, parts are constantly singing in different tonality (key) simultaneously (in G and in A). As a traditional style, sutartines disappeared in L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvalent Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen. Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can ''tag'' a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. In contrast, the remainder of the antibody is relatively constant. It only occurs in a few vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvalent Logic
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) refers to a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in Aristotle's logical calculus, there were only two possible values (i.e., "true" and "false") for any proposition. Classical two-valued logic may be extended to ''n''-valued logic for ''n'' greater than 2. Those most popular in the literature are three-valued (e.g., Łukasiewicz's and Kleene's, which accept the values "true", "false", and "unknown"), four-valued, nine-valued, the finite-valued (finitely-many valued) with more than three values, and the infinite-valued (infinitely-many-valued), such as fuzzy logic and probability logic. History It is wrong that the first known classical logician who did not fully accept the law of excluded middle was Aristotle (who, ironically, is also generally considered to be the first classical logician and the "father of wo-valuedlogic"). In fact, Aristotle did not contest the univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyvalent Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be |
Sala Polivalentă (other)
Sala Polivalentă may refer to: *Arena Polivalentă, a 20,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Bucharest, Romania * Sala Polivalentă (Timișoara), a 16,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Timișoara, Romania * Sala Polivalentă Regina Maria, a 10,212-seat multi-purpose arena in Iași, Romania *Sala Polivalentă (Brașov), a 10,059-seat multi-purpose arena in Brașov, Romania * Sala Polivalentă (Cluj-Napoca), a 10,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Cluj-Napoca, Romania *Sala Polivalentă (Bucharest), a 5,300-seat multi-purpose arena in Bucharest, Romania * Sala Polivalentă (Oradea), a 5,265-seat multi-purpose arena in Oradea, Romania *Sala Polivalentă (Constanța), a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Constanța, Romania *Sala Polivalentă (Pitești), a 4,900-seat multi-purpose arena in Pitești, Romania *Sala Polivalentă (Tulcea), a 4,438-seat multi-purpose arena in Tulcea, Romania *Sala Sporturilor (Craiova), a 4,215-seat multi-purpose arena in Craiova, Romania *Sala Polivalentă (Piatra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snake Antivenom
Snake antivenom is a medication made up of antibodies used to treat snake bites by venomous snakes. It is a type of antivenom. It is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralizing antibodies derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep. The host animal is hyperimmunized to one or more snake venoms, a process which creates an immunological response that produces large numbers of neutralizing antibodies against various components (toxins) of the venom. The antibodies are then collected from the host animal, and further processed into snake antivenom for the treatment of envenomation. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Production Antivenoms are typically produced using a donor animal, such as a horse or sheep. The donor animal is hyperimmunized with non-lethal doses of one or more venoms to produce a neutralizing antibody response. Then, at certain intervals, the blood from the donor animal is collected and neutraliz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bivalence
In logic, the semantic principle (or law) of bivalence states that every declarative sentence expressing a proposition (of a theory under inspection) has exactly one truth value, either true or false. A logic satisfying this principle is called a two-valued logic or bivalent logic. In formal logic, the principle of bivalence becomes a property that a semantics may or may not possess. It is not the same as the law of excluded middle, however, and a semantics may satisfy that law without being bivalent. The principle of bivalence is studied in philosophical logic to address the question of which natural-language statements have a well-defined truth value. Sentences that predict events in the future, and sentences that seem open to interpretation, are particularly difficult for philosophers who hold that the principle of bivalence applies to all declarative natural-language statements. Many-valued logics formalize ideas that a realistic characterization of the notion of consequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monovalence (other)
Monovalence or Monovalent may refer to: *Monovalent ion, an atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of one, which thus can form one covalent bond * Monovalent vaccine, a vaccine directed at only one pathogen * Monovalent antibody, an antibody with affinity for one epitope, antigen, or strain of microorganism * Monovalent verb or Intransitive verb In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb whose context does not entail a direct object. That lack of transitivity distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are ..., a verb that takes no direct object and has only one argument See also * Valence (other) * Polyvalence (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
