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Polonne
Polonne () is a city on the Khomora River in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Polonne hosts the administration of Polonne urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The current estimated population is Polonne is situated on the Shepetivka-Berdychiv railroad line. Various industries within the city include porcelain, ceramic. History Polonne has been known at least since 996, when it was first mentioned as a taxation subject in relation to Prince Volodymyr the Great's Desyatynna Church. Throughout the Middle Ages Polonne was known by its castle, also enjoying Magdeburg Rights. In 1648 Jews (including the well-known Samson ben Pesah Ostropoli) who had taken refuge within the town's walls were massacred by the troops of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. In Modern times received city status since 1938. The Jewish population was important in the town. During World War II, the Germans occupied the town kept the Jews imprisoned in a ghetto. They were guard ...
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Polonne Raion
Polonne Raion ( uk, Полонський район) was a raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Polonne. It was established in 1923. 1 city (Polonne), 1 urban-type settlement and 45 villages were located in Polonne Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Polonne Raion was merged into Shepetivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was Geography Polonne Raion was a part of Volhynia. It was one out 20 Raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. This was a small raion, it occupied 15th place among the districts of the region (866 km² corresponds to 4,2% of the total area of Khmelnytskyi Oblast). Polonne Raion was east of Shepetivka Raion, north of Starokostiantyniv Raion, west and south-west of Zhytomyr Oblast ( Liubar Raion, Romaniv Raion and Baranivka Raion). The Sluch, Homora, Derevychka, Smilka and ot ...
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Polonne Urban Hromada
Polonne () is a city on the Khomora River in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Polonne hosts the administration of Polonne urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The current estimated population is Polonne is situated on the Shepetivka-Berdychiv railroad line. Various industries within the city include porcelain, ceramic. History Polonne has been known at least since 996, when it was first mentioned as a taxation subject in relation to Prince Volodymyr the Great's Desyatynna Church. Throughout the Middle Ages Polonne was known by its castle, also enjoying Magdeburg Rights. In 1648 Jews (including the well-known Samson ben Pesah Ostropoli) who had taken refuge within the town's walls were massacred by the troops of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. In Modern times received city status since 1938. The Jewish population was important in the town. During World War II, the Germans occupied the town kept the Jews imprisoned in a ghetto. They were guarde ...
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Shepetivka Raion
Shepetivka Raion ( uk, Шепетівський район) is a raion in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Shepetivka. Its population is On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Shepetivka Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Bilohiria, Iziaslav, Polonne, and Slavuta Raions, as well as the cities of Netishyn, Slavuta, and Shepetivka, which were previously incorporated as a cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Shepetivka Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was It was established in 1923. 1 urban-type settlement ( Hrytsiv) and 68 villages were located in Shepetivka Raion until 2020. Geography Shepetivka Region is a part of Volhynia. It is one out 20 Raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. It is a large Raion and ranks as the 8th among the largest with respect to the t ...
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Isaiah Leo Sharfman
Isaiah Leo Sharfman (February 19, 1886, Polonne, Russian Empire – September 9, 1969, Washington, D.C.) was an American economist. He was a professor at the University of Michigan from 1914 to 1955 and served as the president of the American Economic Association in 1945. Early life and education Sharfman was born into a Jewish family in the Russian Empire and came to the United States in 1894. He attended Boston Latin School and Harvard University, graduating with an B. A. in 1907 and LL.B. in 1910. He was an assistant in economics at Harvard College while studying for his degree in law. Career After graduating from Harvard Law School Sharfman took up a professorship for law and political science at the Imperial Pei-Yang University in China. He returned to the United States after two years and briefly worked as the Chief Investigator for the Department on Regulation of Interstate and Municipal Utilities for the National Civic Federation of New York. He joined the faulty ...
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Leo Mol
Leonid Molodozhanyn, known as Leo Mol, (January 15, 1915 – July 4, 2009) was a Ukrainian Canadian stained glass artist, painter and sculptor. History Born Leonid Molodozhanyn in Polonne, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), Mol learned the art of ceramics in his father's pottery workshop. Mol studied sculpture at the Leningrad Academy of Arts from 1936 to 1940. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union he was deported to Germany where he was influenced by Arno Breker. In 1945, he moved to The Hague, and in December, 1948, he and his wife, Margareth (whom he married in 1943), emigrated to Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1949, he held his first ceramics exhibition in Winnipeg. Mol was known for his sculptures of square dancers, skiers, aboriginals, and wildlife. Mol also completed more than 80 stained-glass windows in churches throughout Winnipeg. More than three hundred of Mol's works are displayed in the 1.2 hectare Leo Mol Sculpture Garden in Winnipeg's Assiniboine Park which ...
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Peretz Markish
Peretz Davidovich Markish ( yi, פּרץ מאַרקיש ) (russian: Перец Давидович Маркиш) (7 December 1895 (25 November OS) – 12 August 1952) was a Russian Jewish poet and playwright who wrote predominantly in Yiddish. Early years Peretz Markish was born in 1895 in Polonne, the Russian Empire (now Ukraine) to a Sephardi Jewish family. As a child he attended a cheder and sang in the choir of the local synagogue. He served as a private in the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was discharged from the army after the Russian Revolution, and settled in Ekaterinoslav (now Dnipropetrovsk), Ukraine. In 1918, he relocated to Kiev. Life Markish's first poetry collection, ''Shveln'' ("Thresholds"), published in Kiev in 1919, established his reputation. His poetry cycle ''Di kupe'' ("The Heap"; 1921) was written in response to the Ukrainian pogroms of 1919–20. In the early 1920s, he was a member of the Kiev group of Yiddish poets that included David H ...
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Shepetivka
Shepetivka ( uk, Шепеті́вка; pl, Szepetówka) is a city located on the Huska River in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Shepetivka is the administrative center of Shepetivka Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Shepetivka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Shepetivka is an important railway junction with five intersecting transit routes. It is located 100 km away from Khmelnytskyi, the oblast's capital. The city is located near historic city of Izyaslav, the center of Ruthenian Zasławski princely estate. History A settlement called Shepetovka, belonging to the prince Ivan Zaslavsky, was first mentioned in a written document in 1594. In the 16th century Shepetivka didn't differ from other settlements of Volhynia. The settlement had a community and a windmill. It was given Magdeburg Rights at the end of the 16th century. This contributed the settlement's expansion and growing population. At the turn of the 1 ...
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City Rights
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditions of the self-administration of Roman cities. Judicially, a borough (or burgh) was distinguished from the countryside by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges involved trade (marketplace, the storing of goods, etc.) and the establishment of guilds. Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called a borough, hence the term "borough rights" (german: Stadtrecht; nl, stadsrechten). Some degree of self-government, representation by diet, and tax-relief could also be granted. Multiple tiers existed; for example, in Sweden, the basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a highe ...
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Shtetls
A shtetl or shtetel (; yi, שטעטל, translit=shtetl (singular); שטעטלעך, romanized: ''shtetlekh'' (plural)) is a Yiddish term for the small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jewish populations which existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The term is used in the contexts of peculiarities of former East European Jewish societies as islands within the surrounding non-Jewish populace, and bears certain socio-economic and cultural connotations.Marie Schumacher-Brunhes"Shtetl" ''European History Online'', published July 3, 2015 Shtetls (or shtetels, shtetlach, shtetelach or shtetlekh) were mainly found in the areas that constituted the 19th-century Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire as well as in Congress Poland, Austrian Galicia, Kingdom of Romania and in the Kingdom of Hungary. In Yiddish, a larger city, like Lviv or Chernivtsi, is called a ' ( yi, שטאָט), and a village is called a ' ( yi, דאָרף). "Shtetl" is a diminutive of ' with the meaning ...
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Volhynian Governorate
Volhynian Governorate or Volyn Governorate (russian: Волы́нская губе́рния, translit=Volynskaja gubernija, uk, Волинська губернія, translit=Volynska huberniia) was an administrative-territorial unit initially of the Russian Empire, created at the end of 1796 after the Third Partition of Poland from the territory of the short-lived Volhynian Vice-royalty and Wołyń Voivodeship (1569–1795), Wołyń Voivodeship. After the Peace of Riga, part of the governorate became the Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939), new Wołyń Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic, while the other part stayed as a part of the Ukrainian SSR until 1925 when it was abolished on resolution of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee and Counsel of People's Commissars. History Until 1796 the guberniya was administrated as a namestnichestvo (Vice-royalty). It was initially centred in Iziaslav, Ukraine, Iziaslav and was called the Izyaslav namesnichestvo. It was cre ...
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Cities In Khmelnytskyi Oblast
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for g ...
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Lesia Ukrainka
Lesya Ukrainka ( uk, Леся Українка ; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, uk, Лариса Петрівна Косач; – ) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active political, civil, and feminist activist. Among her best-known works are the collections of poems ''On the wings of songs'' (1893), ''Thoughts and Dreams'' (1899), ''Echos'' (1902), the epic poem ''Ancient fairy tale'' (1893), ''One word'' (1903), plays ''Princess'' (1913), ''Cassandra'' (1903—1907), ''In the Catacombs'' (1905), and ''Forest Song'' (1911). Biography Lesya Ukrainka was born in 1871 in the town of Novohrad-Volynskyi (now Zviahel) of Ukraine. She was the second child of Ukrainian writer and publisher Olha Drahomanova-Kosach, better known under her literary pseudonym Olena Pchilka. Ukrainka's father was Petro Kosach (from the Kosača noble family), head of the district assembly of conciliators, who came from the northe ...
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