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Politics Of Manchukuo
Manchukuo was a puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria which existed from 1931 to 1945. The Manchukuo regime was established four months after the Japanese withdrawal from Shanghai with Puyi as the nominal but powerless head of state to add some semblance of legitimacy, as he was a former emperor and an ethnic Manchu. Government Manchukuo was proclaimed a monarchy on 1 March 1934, with former Qing dynasty emperor Puyi assuming the Manchukuo throne under the reign name of Emperor Kang-de. An imperial rescript issued the same day, promulgated the organic law of the new state, establishing a Privy Council, a Legislative Council and the General Affairs State Council to "advise and assist the emperor in the discharge of his duties". The Privy Council was an appointive body consisting of Puyi's closest friends and confidants, and the Legislative Council was largely an honorary body without authority. The State Council was therefore the center of political power in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchukuo Politician
Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy under the ''de facto'' control of Japan. It had limited international recognition. The area was the homeland of the Manchus, including the emperors of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, Japan seized the region following the Mukden Incident. A pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was dissolved in 1945 after the surrender of Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. The territories claimed by Manchukuo were first seized in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and then formally transferred to Chinese administration in the following year. Demographicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwantung Army
''Kantō-gun'' , image = Kwantung Army Headquarters.JPG , image_size = 300px , caption = Kwantung Army headquarters in Hsinking, Manchukuo , dates = April 1919 – August 1945 , country = , allegiance = Emperor of Japan , branch = , type = General Army , size = 300,000 (1940)763,000 (1941)713,000 (1945) , command_structure = , garrison = Ryojun, Kwantung Leased Territory (1906–1932) Hsinking, Manchukuo (1932–1945) , garrison_label = , nickname = , "Virtue" , patron = , motto = , colors = , colors_label = , march = , mascot = , equipment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zang Shiyi
Zang Shiyi ( Hepburn: ''Zō Shikiki''; October 1884 – November 13, 1956) was a Chinese general and Governor of Liaoning Province at the time of the invasion of Manchuria in 1932. Biography Zang was born in Shenyang county of Liaoning Province in 1884. He traveled to Japan on a scholarship to the Tokyo Shimbu Gakko and subsequently graduated from 9th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, with a specialty in the cavalry, in 1909. On his return to China he joined the pro-republican forces in Nanjing during the Xinhai Revolution. After the founding of the Republic of China in 1914 he became an instructor at the Baoding Military Academy, where he soon caught the attention of Adm. Sheng Hung Leih, who appointed him to his staff. He rose to Chief of Staff for the Kuomintang forces in Kirin Province. He participated in the Zhili–Anhui War in 1920 and the First Zhili–Fengtian War of 1923. Together with Yan Yuting, he subsequently became Chief of Staff of the business adm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lü Ronghuan
Lu Ronghuan (; Hepburn: ''Ryo Eikan''; 1890–1946), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently served in a number of Cabinet posts of the Empire of Manchukuo. Biography A native of Fushun Liaoning Province, Lü studied law at the Jiangsu Provincial University, returning to Shenyang in Manchuria to establish a legal office. In subsequently served in local government, becoming vice-chairman of the Fengtian Provincial Assembly and serving as a director on the Chinese Eastern Railway. In 1923, Lü was commissioned by the Fengtian clique warlord, Zhang Zuolin as a special envoy to Moscow, where he negotiated a treaty between Manchuria and the Soviet Union. He was appointed governor of the Chinese Eastern Railway in 1928, but lost his position after the death of Zhang Zuolin and the military defeat of his son Zhang Xueliang. After the Mukden Incident of 1931, Lü was recruited by Japanese spymaster Colonel Kenji Doihara to serve on the Self-Government Guid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ding Jianxiu
Ding Jianxiu (, Hepburn: Tei Kanshū, 1886-1944 ), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently served in a number of Cabinet-level ministries of the Empire of Manchukuo. Biography A native of Gaizhou Liaoning Province (near Yingkou), Ding was a graduate of the School of Economics of Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan. On his return to China, he also studied law and human relations. Ding was hired as an instructor at numerous institutions of higher education in Mukden, including the Teacher’s College, Military Academy, Vocational Academy and Police Academy. From 1913 he was a professor at the graduate school of languages at Mukden University. He subsequently served in local government, holding various posts in the Liaoning provincial government and serving also as a director for a Sino-Japanese joint-venture company to develop iron ore deposits. After the death of Fengtian clique warlord Zhang Zuolin, Ding worked with Yuan Jinkai towards the independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Qichang
Sun Qichang (; Hepburn: ''Son Kishō''; 1885–1954), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently served as a cabinet minister in the Empire of Manchukuo. Biography A native of Liaoyang Liaoning Province, Sun studied at the Tokyo University of Education in Tokyo, Japan. After his return to China, he served as principal to the Mukden Commercial Higher School in Shenyang, and was subsequently secretary to the Provincial Army of Heilongjiang. In July 1920, he was appointed chairman of the Education Board of Heilongjiang Province. From July 1921, he received an appointment from the Beiyang Government as a diplomat to negotiate with foreign powers in Kirin Province. Following Manchurian warlord Zhang Xueliang’s rapprochement with the central government in late 1928, Sun was appointed a member of the Kirin Provincial Assembly, and was promoted to become director of the Construction Ministry of the same province the following year. Following the Mukden Incide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xi Qia
Aisin-Gioro Xiqia (Aisin-Gioro Hsi-hsia; ; 1883–1950), commonly known as Xi Qia or Xi Xia (Hsi Hsia; ; Hepburn: ''Ki Kō''), was a general in command of the Kirin Provincial Army of the Republic of China, who defected to the Japanese during the Invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and who subsequently served as a cabinet minister in Manchukuo. Biography Xi Qia was an ethnic Manchu (Plain Blue Banner) of the imperial clan of Aisin Gioro as a direct descendant of Murhaci (穆爾哈齊), a younger half-brother of Nurhaci and second son of Taksi, thus, making him a member of the collateral bloodline of the Aisin Gioro clan. He contributed to making and a supporter of efforts to create a new Manchu-dominated state in Manchuria after the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing dynasty in China. As a youth, he studied in Japan at the Tokyo Shimbu Gakko, a military preparatory school for Chinese students, followed by the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. He rose to the rank of lieutenant genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu Zhishan
Yu Zhishan (; Hepburn: ''U Shizan''; 1882 – May 1951), was a military officer under the Beiyang Government and the Fengtian clique, subsequently becoming a cabinet minister in the Empire of Manchukuo. Biography A native of Liaoning Province, in 1923, Yu served as commander of the Northwest Army’s 5th Combined Regiment stationed in Shandong Province. In 1924, he was reassigned to command the 8th Combined Regiment by order of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. He was promoted to lieutenant general in June 1927. He returned to Shandong Province as commander of the 30th Army, assisting Chiang Kai-shek in defeating the forces of Yan Xishan in the Central Plains War. However, his alliance with the Kuomintang was short, as he was recalled to Manchuria to guard against the Northern Expedition. Following the death of Zhang Zuolin in the Huanggutun Incident in 1928, Manchuria fell back into chaos. Yu initially supported Zhang Xueliang, who appointed him commander in chief of the mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Zhanshan
Ma Zhanshan (Ma Chan-shan; ; November 30, 1885 – November 29, 1950) was a Chinese general who initially opposed the Imperial Japanese Army in the invasion of Manchuria, briefly defected to Manchukuo, and then rebelled and fought against the Japanese in Manchuria and other parts of China. Biography Early life Ma was born in Gongzhuling, in Jilin province, to a poor shepherding family. At the age of 20, he became a security guard of Huaide County. For his exceptional marksmanship and equestrianism, he was promoted to Guard Monitor of the 4th Security Guard Battalion by Wu Junsheng, Commander of Tianhou Road Patrol and Defense Battalion of Mukden, in 1908. According to some western sources, Ma Zhanshan was born in Liaoning in 1887. However, most claim 1885 as his birth year. He was of Manchu heritage and his grandson Ma Zhiwei, a member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, mentioned the Manchu ethnicity of the family in his official biography and news repor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruan Zhenduo
Ruan Zhenduo (; Hepburn: ''Gen Shintaku''; 1893–1973), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently served in a number of Cabinet-level positions in the Empire of Manchukuo. Biography A native of Tieling, Liaoning Province, Ruan studied medicine at the Manchurian Medical College in 1913. In 1919, he went to Japan to study at the Kyoto Imperial University and graduated with a doctorate in medicine. After his return to China in 1923, Ruan was appointed chairman of the Fentian State Medical Board, and a professor of medicine at the Northeastern University (Shenyang, China). He was also asked by the Fengtian Clique to serve as its chief army medical officer. He also held the posts of chairman of the Changchun and Jilin State Medical Boards by 1929. In April 1932, under the new State of Manchukuo Ruan was asked to serve as Chief Secretary for Fengtian Province. He assisted Yu Jingyuan in establishing the Manchukuo Youth League and was one of the founding membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Shaogeng
Li Shaogeng (; Hepburn: ''Ri Shōkō''; b. 1896), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently served in a number of cabinet posts of the Empire of Manchuria. Biography A native of Liaoyang Liaoning Province, Li graduated from the Harbin Higher Commercial School. He subsequently served in local government, and various posts under Fengtian clique warlord, Zhang Zuolin. He was also sent as envoy from Manchuria to Vladivostok from March–September 1927. In 1931, he became a director of the Chinese Eastern Railway. Following the establishment of Manchukuo, Li continued to work for the Chinese Eastern Railway, rising to the post of Chairman of the Board of Directors and President. In March 1935 he accepted the post of Minister of Transportation for the Empire of Manchuria – a post which he held to December 1942. From September 1942 to April 1944, Li also held the post of Foreign Minister of Manchukuo. In April 1945, Li was appointed as special envoy to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Yanqing (politician)
Zhang Yanqing (; Hepburn: ''Chō Enkei''; 1898–1951), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently collaborated with the Japanese imperialists and became the Foreign Minister of Manchukuo, Japan's puppet state. His father Zhang Zhidong was an important official in the later days of the Qing Empire, while his brother Zhang Renli was an official in the Reorganized National Government of China, another Japan's puppet state, making the two brothers as Japanese collaborators. Biography Zhang studied foreign languages at Tsingtao, and went to Japan to study at the Gakushuin Peer’s School in 1920. After his return to China in 1922, Zhang was appointed mayor of Wafangdian in Liaoning Province, and in 1924 was promoted to governor of Zhengding County in Hebei Province, and in 1925 was again promoted to governor of Tianjin under the Beiyang Government. In 1926, Tianjin was elevated to the status of a special province, and Zhang added the post of Chief of Police o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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