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Podhum Massacre
The Podhum massacre was the mass murder of Croat civilians by Italian occupation forces on 12 July 1942, in the village of Podhum, in retaliation for an earlier Partisan attack. Background Axis forces, including the Kingdom of Italy, invaded and defeated the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941. Following its defeat, various Yugoslav territories were occupied and annexed by the Axis powers; Mussolini's Italy gained most of Slovenia, Kosovo, coastal and inland areas of the Croatian Littoral and large chunks of the coastal Dalmatia region (along with nearly all of the Adriatic islands and the Bay of Kotor). It also gained control over the Italian governorate of Montenegro, and was granted the kingship in the Independent State of Croatia, though wielding little real power within it; although it did (alongside Germany) maintain a ''de facto'' zone of influence within the borders of the NDH. Resistance, led primarily by the Yugoslav Partisans, began almost immediately, with the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šime Vulas
Šime () is a masculine Croatian given name. Notable people with the name include: * Šime Budinić (1535–1600), a 16th-century Catholic priest and writer from Zadar, Venetian Dalmatia (today Croatia) *Šime Ljubić (1822–1896), Croatian historian *Šime Đodan (1927–2007), Croatian politician and economist *Šime Luketin (born 1953), Croatian footballer *Šime Vrsaljko (born 1992), Croatian footballer See also * Šimun, of which Šime can be a diminutive form * Šimić Šimić () is a surname found mainly among the Croats, but sometimes also among the Serbs. It may refer to: * Ana Šimić, Croatian athlete *Andrijica Šimić, Croatian folk hero * Antun Branko Šimić, Bosnian Croat poet *Dario Šimić, Croatian f ... {{DEFAULTSORT:Sime Croatian masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bay Of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor ( Montenegrin and Serbian: , Italian: ), also known as the Boka, is a winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro and the region of Montenegro concentrated around the bay. It is also the southernmost part of the historical region of Dalmatia. The bay has been inhabited since antiquity. Its well-preserved medieval towns of Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Perast, Prčanj and Herceg Novi, along with their natural surroundings, are major tourist attractions. The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Its numerous Orthodox and Catholic churches and monasteries attract numerous religious pilgrims and other visitors. Geography The bay is about long with a shoreline extending . It is surrounded by two massifs of the Dinaric Alps: the Orjen mountains to the west, and the Lovćen mountains to the east. The narrowest section of the bay, the long Verige Strait, is only wide at its narrowest point. The bay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summary Execution
A summary execution is an execution in which a person is accused of a crime and immediately killed without the benefit of a full and fair trial. Executions as the result of summary justice (such as a drumhead court-martial) are sometimes included, but the term generally refers to capture, accusation, and execution all conducted within a very short period of time, and without any trial. Under international law, refusal to accept lawful surrender in combat and instead killing the person surrendering is also categorized as a summary execution (as well as murder). Summary executions have been practiced by police, military, and paramilitary organizations and are frequently associated with guerrilla warfare, counter-insurgency, terrorism, and any other situation which involves a breakdown of the normal procedures for handling accused prisoners, civilian or military. Civilian jurisdiction In nearly all civilian jurisdictions, summary execution is illegal, as it violates the right of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Roatta
Mario Roatta (2 February 1887 – 7 January 1968) was an Italian general. After serving in World War I he rose to command the Corpo Truppe Volontarie which assisted Francisco Franco's force during the Spanish Civil War. He was the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Italian Army from October 1939 to March 1941 and from March 1941 to January 1942 its Chief of Staff and helped in preparing for the invasion of Yugoslavia. He is best known for his role as the commander of the Italian Second Army in its repression against civilians, in the Slovene- and Croatian-inhabited areas of the Italian-occupied Yugoslavia during World War II. He constructed a policy in which he attempted to eliminate the Yugoslav Partisans, helped manage relations with the authorities of the puppet Independent State of Croatia, and "greatly advanced and systematized" collaboration with the Chetniks. As a "manifesto for repression in the Yugoslav territories", Roatta issued Circular 3C which urged "ethnic clearance" be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jelenje
Jelenje is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 5,344 inhabitants, with 94.6% Croats The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ....Jelenje has about 425 residents. Jelenje is situated nearby to Lukeži, one notable place in the area is Grad Grobnik. References Municipalities of Croatia Populated places in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County {{PrimorjeGorskiKotar-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temistocle Testa
Temistocle Testa (11 November 1897 – 17 July 1949) was an Italian Fascist activist and politician. Born in Grana, Piedmont on 11 November 1897, Testa studied Law, enrolled in the National Fascist Party (P.N.F.) in February 1921, and participated as squadrista to the March on Rome. As Colonel (Console Comandante) of the Blackshirts from 1923 to 1931 he commanded the 73rd Legione (Mirandola) of the Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale (M.V.S.N.). As one of the toughest exponents of Fascism in Modena. nominated Segretario Federale of the PNF in Modena (June 1928 – February 1931). Testa was nominated prefect 2nd class (prefetto di 2ª classe) on 16 February 1931 and prefect of the 1st class (prefetto di 1ª classe) on 1 August 1937. Prefect of Perugia (February 1931 – October 1932). On 16 October 1932 he became prefect of Udine, a post he held up to end February 1938 when he was nominated Prefect of the Province of Fiume. The five years of his rule (1938–1943) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackshirt
The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist rule, similar to the Sturmabteilung, SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the ''Arditi'', Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the ''Duce'' (leader) of Italian Fascism, Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.Bosworth, R. J. B, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiume
Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 108,622 inhabitants. Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially between the Holy Roman Empire, Italy and Croatia, changing rulers and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2011 census data, the majority of its citizens are Croats, along with small numbers of Serbs, Bosniaks and Italians. Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac Shipyard") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Province Of Fiume
The Province of Fiume (or Province of Carnaro) was a province of the Kingdom of Italy from 1924 to 1943, then under control of the Italian Social Republic and German Wehrmacht from 1943 to 1945. Its capital was the city of Fiume. It took the other name after the Gulf of Carnaro (''Golfo del Carnaro''). The province was divided into 13 municipalities and in 1938 had an area of 1,121.29 km ² with a population of 109,018 inhabitants and a density of 109 inhabitants / km ². History Fiume had been occupied since September 1919 by a private force led by the nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio, disilluded with Italy's management of the Fiume question after the end of the First World War. D'Annunzio's initiative was a personal one, however, and the Italian army evacuated the poet's soldiers. With the Treaty of Rapallo Fiume and its immediate surroundings, counting around 50,000 Italian-speakers and 13,000 Croatian-speakers, were declared a free city. Nationalist and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisak
Sisak (; hu, Sziszek ; also known by other alternative names) is a city in central Croatia, spanning the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m. The city's total population in 2011 was 47,768 of which 33,322 live in the urban settlement (naselje). Sisak is the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). It lies on the D36 state road and the Zagreb-Sisak-Novska railway. Sisak is a regional economic, cultural and historical center. The largest oil refinery in Croatia is here. Name Prior to belonging to the Roman Empire, which gave it the Latin name Siscia, the region was Celtic and Illyrian and the city there was named Segestica or Segesta. Writers in Greek referred to the city as grc, Σισκία, Siskía, Σεγέστα ''Segésta' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brezovica Forest
Brezovica may refer to: Croatia * Brezovica, Osijek-Baranja County, a settlement in the municipality of Marijanci * Brezovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, a village in Gradina, Virovitica-Podravina County * Brezovica, Zagreb, a city district of Zagreb * Brezovica Forest, headquarters for the 1st Sisak Partisan Detachment in occupied Yugoslavia * Brezovica Žumberačka, a settlement in the Ozalj municipality, Karlovac County Kosovo * Brezovica, Kosovo, a settlement in the Municipality of Štrpce, Kosovo ** Brezovica ski resort, a ski resort Montenegro * Brezovica, an alternate name for Beška (Island), in Lake Skadar Serbia * Brezovica, Čačak, a village in Moravica District * Brezovica, Gornji Milanovac, a village in Moravica District * Brezovica, Ub, a village in Kolubara District * Brezovica, Vlasotince, a village in Jablanica District * Brezovica, Trstenik, a village in Rasina District * Nova Brezovica, a village in the municipality of Vranje, Pčinja Dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Sisak Partisan Detachment
The Sisak People's Liberation Partisan Detachment ( sh, Sisački narodnooslobodilački partizanski odred), also known as the 1st Sisak Partisan Detachment (''1. Sisački partizanski odred''), was the first Yugoslav Partisans, Partisan armed Anti-fascism, anti-fascist resistance unit formed in World War II in Yugoslavia, occupied Yugoslavia following the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers in April 1941. It was formed by the outlawed League of Communists of Croatia, Croatian Communist Party in the Independent State of Croatia established on 10 April 1941, in the Brezovica Forest near Sisak (in today's Croatia) on 22 June 1941, the day Nazi Germany, Germany Operation Barbarossa, invaded the Soviet Union. It had 79 members, mainly Croats with the exception of one notable Serb woman, Nada Dimić, and was commanded by Vladimir Janjić-Capo. This event marked the start of armed anti-fascist resistance in occupied Yugoslavia. In modern Croatia, 22 June is commemorated as a Public h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
