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Pijao Language
Pijao (''Piajao'', Pinao) is an unclassified indigenous American language that was spoken in the villages of Ortega, Coyaima (Koyai, Tupe) and Natagaima in the Magdalena River Valley of Colombia until the 1950s. Subdivisions Pijao subtribes reported by Rivet (1943, 1944) and cited in Mason (1950): :''Aype, Paloma, Ambeina, Amoya, Tumbo, Coyaima, Poina (Yaporoge), Mayto (Maito, Marto), Mola, Atayma (Otaima), Tuamo, Bulira, Ocaima, Behuni (Beuni, Biuni), Ombecho, Anaitoma, Totumo, Natagaima, Pana (Pamao), Guarro, Hamay, Zeraco, Lucira,'' and ''Tonuro''. Classification A small vocabulary list was collected in 1943; only 30 Pijao words and expressions are known. The few words which resemble Carib are thought to be loans; toponyms in Pijao country are also Carib. Marshall & Seijas (1973) did not detect significative connections between Pijao and other unclassified languages of the area: Colima, Muzo, Pantágora, and Panche, but these are even more poorly attested than Pijao. Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Colombia is divided into 32 departments and the Capital District of Bogotá, the country's largest city. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of 52 million. Colombia's cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a Spanish colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by enslaved Africans, as well as with those of the various Amerindian civilizations that predate colonization. Spanish is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government. The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. It was originally organized as the United States National Museum, but that name ceased to exist administratively in 1967. Called "the nation's attic" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the institution's 19 museums, 21 libraries, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia. Additional facilities are located in Maryland, New York, and Virginia. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states,States without Smithsonian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Colombia
More than 99.5% of Colombians speak the Spanish language; also 65 Amerindian languages, 2 Creole languages, the Portuguese language and the Romani language are spoken in the country. English has official status in the San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands. The overwhelming majority of Colombians speak Spanish (see also Colombian Spanish), but in total 101 languages are listed for Colombia in the Ethnologue database. The specific number of spoken languages varies slightly since some authors consider as different languages what others consider to be varieties or dialects of the same language. Best estimates recorded 71 languages that are spoken in-country today—most of which belong to the Chibchan, Tucanoan, Bora–Witoto, Guajiboan, Arawakan, Cariban, Barbacoan, and Saliban language families. There are currently about 850,000 speakers of native languages. Sixty-five indigenous languages that exist today can be regrouped into 12 language families and 10 language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Languages Of The South American Northwest
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{{disambiguation ...
Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology), presence in a region as the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention * Indigenous (band), an American blues-rock band * Indigenous (horse), a Hong Kong racehorse * ''Indigenous'' (film), Australian, 2016 See also * Disappeared indigenous women *Indigenous Australians *Indigenous language * Indigenous religion * Indigenous peoples in Canada *Native (other) Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (other) In arts and enterta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witoto-Okaina Languages
Witotoan (also Huitotoan or Uitotoan, occasionally known as Huitoto–Ocaina to distinguish it from Bora–Witoto) is a small language family of southwestern Colombia (Amazonas Department) and the neighbouring region of Peru. Genetic relations Aschmann (1993) proposed that the Boran and Witotoan language families were related, in a '' Bora–Witoto'' stock. Echeverri & Seifart (2016) refute the connection. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Pijao, Yaruro, Arawak, Bora-Muinane, Choko, and Tukano language families due to contact. Some of this contact had occurred due to the expansion of Witotoan speakers down the Putumayo River. Family division * Ocaina (also rendered Okaina) * Witoto Proper ** Nïpode (also known as Nüpode, Nipode Huitoto, Nipode Witoto, Witoto Muinane, Muinane Huitoto, Muiname) **Mïnïca–Murai *** Mïnïca (also known as Witoto Meneca, Meneca, Meneka, Noaiko-MuÃna, Southern Witoto, Minica Huitoto, Minica) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panche Language
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), ''Ethnologue'', and ''Glottolog''. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually distinct languages, only an ethnic or regional name. Campbell (2012) Campbell (2012:116-130) lists the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. ''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)Loukotka, ÄŒestmÃr. 1968. ''Classification of South American Indian Languages'' Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA. and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The majority are not listed in ''Ethnologue''. The list is arranged in alphabetical order. *Aarufi – Colombia *Aburuñe â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantagora Language
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), ''Ethnologue'', and ''Glottolog''. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually distinct languages, only an ethnic or regional name. Campbell (2012) Campbell (2012:116-130) lists the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. ''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)Loukotka, ÄŒestmÃr. 1968. ''Classification of South American Indian Languages'' Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA. and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The majority are not listed in ''Ethnologue''. The list is arranged in alphabetical order. *Aarufi – Colombia *Aburuñe â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzo Language
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), ''Ethnologue'', and ''Glottolog''. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually distinct languages, only an ethnic or regional name. Campbell (2012) Campbell (2012:116-130) lists the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. ''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)Loukotka, ÄŒestmÃr. 1968. ''Classification of South American Indian Languages'' Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA. and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The majority are not listed in ''Ethnologue''. The list is arranged in alphabetical order. *Aarufi – Colombia *Aburuñe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Language Of South America
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), ''Ethnologue'', and ''Glottolog''. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually distinct languages, only an ethnic or regional name. Campbell (2012) Campbell (2012:116-130) lists the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. ''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)Loukotka, ÄŒestmÃr. 1968. ''Classification of South American Indian Languages'' Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA. and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The majority are not listed in ''Ethnologue''. The list is arranged in alphabetical order. *Aarufi – Colombia *Aburuñe â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carib Languages
The Cariban languages are a family of languages indigenous to northeastern South America. They are widespread across northernmost South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes, and they are also spoken in small pockets of central Brazil. The languages of the Cariban family are relatively closely related. There are about three dozen, but most are spoken only by a few hundred people. Macushi is the only language among them with numerous speakers, estimated at 30,000. The Cariban family is well known among linguists partly because one language in the family—Hixkaryana—has a default word order of object–verb–subject. Previous to their discovery of this, linguists believed that this order did not exist in any spoken natural language. In the 16th century, Cariban peoples expanded into the Lesser Antilles. There they killed or displaced, and also mixed with the Arawak peoples who already inhabited the islands. The resulting language— KalhÃphona or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bureau Of American Ethnology
The Bureau of American Ethnology (or BAE, originally, Bureau of Ethnology) was established in 1879 by an act of Congress for the purpose of transferring archives, records and materials relating to the Indians of North America from the Interior Department to the Smithsonian Institution. But from the start, the bureau's visionary founding director, John Wesley Powell, promoted a broader mission: "to organize anthropologic research in America." Under Powell, the bureau organized research-intensive multi-year projects; sponsored ethnographic, archaeological and linguistic field research; initiated publications series (most notably its Annual Reports and Bulletins); and promoted the fledgling discipline of anthropology. It prepared exhibits for expositions and collected anthropological artifacts for the Smithsonian United States National Museum. In addition, the BAE was the official repository of documents concerning American Indians collected by the various US geological surveys, esp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Alden Mason
John Alden Mason (January 14, 1885 – November 7, 1967) was an American archaeological anthropologist and linguist. Mason was born in Orland, Indiana, but grew up in Philadelphia's Germantown. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907 and a doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley in 1911. His dissertation was an ethnographic study of the Salinan Amerindian ethnic group of California. He also authored a number of linguistic studies, including a study of Piman languages. His later ethnographic works included studies of the Tepehuan. The first series of Juan Bobo stories published in the U.S. occurred in 1921. They appeared in the ''Journal of American Folklore'' under the title ''Porto Rican Folklore'', and were collected by Mason from Puerto Rican school children. The story collection consisted of 56 "Picaresque Tales" about Juan Bobo, and included such exotic titles as ''Juan Bobo Heats up his Grandmother'', ''Juan Bobo D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
