Pieter Groenhart
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Pieter Groenhart
Pieter Groenhart (February 21, 1894 – November 3, 1965) was a Dutch lichenologist known for his research into tropical Asian lichens. Born in Ilpendam, he became a teacher in 1916 and taught in several local elementary schools. In 1926 he moved to Java, where he became a teacher at the Agricultural School in Malang, from 1926 to 1932. Soon after, he studied biology at the University of Utrecht (1932–1935), and then started to study lichens at the Rijksherbarium in Leiden, from 1935 to 1936. He returned to teaching in Malang until 1940, when he was transferred to a Government school at present-day Bogor. In 1942, Groehnhart was imprisoned in an internment camp, where he stayed until his release in 1945. After returning to the Netherlands, he continued his studies of lichens, becoming especially interested in the genus '' Cryptothecia''. Species named in his honor include '' Ocellularia groenhartii'' (Hale 1975), '' Cryptothecia groenhartii'' (Makhija & Patw. 1994), and '' Rino ...
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Ocellularia Groenhartii
''Ocellularia'' is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) * , a Kriegsmarine coastal tanker See also * George (other) George may refer to: People * George (given name) * G ... in 1825. Species *'' Ocellularia africana'' *'' Ocellularia allosporoides'' *'' Ocellularia andamanica'' *'' Ocellularia antillensis'' *'' Ocellularia aptrootiana'' *'' Ocellularia arecae'' *'' Ocellularia asiatica'' *'' Ocellularia auberianoides'' *'' Ocellularia auratipruinosa'' *'' Ocellularia aurulenta'' *'' Ocellularia bahiana'' *'' Ocellularia baileyi'' *'' Ocellularia balangoda'' *'' Ocellularia bicuspidata'' *'' Ocellularia bipindensis'' *'' Ocellularia bonplandiae'' *'' Ocellularia brunneospora'' *'' Ocellularia bullata'' *'' Ocellularia cameroonensis'' *'' Ocellularia cavata'' *'' Ocellularia ch ...
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Dutch Lichenologists
Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People Ethnic groups * Germanic peoples, the original meaning of the term ''Dutch'' in English ** Pennsylvania Dutch, a group of early Germanic immigrants to Pennsylvania *Dutch people, the Germanic group native to the Netherlands Specific people * Dutch (nickname), a list of people * Johnny Dutch (born 1989), American hurdler * Dutch Schultz (1902–1935), American mobster born Arthur Simon Flegenheimer * Dutch Mantel, ring name of American retired professional wrestler Wayne Maurice Keown (born 1949) * Dutch Savage, ring name of professional wrestler and promoter Frank Stewart (1935–2013) Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Dutch (''Black Lagoon''), an African-American character from the Japanese manga and anime ''Black L ...
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1965 Deaths
Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a full term as President of the United States. ** Indonesian President Sukarno announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the United Nations. * January 30 – The state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill takes place in London with the largest assembly of dignitaries in the world until the 2005 funeral of Pope John Paul II. * February 4 – Trofim Lysenko is removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Academy of Sciences in the Soviet Union. Lysenkoist theories are now treated as pseudoscience. * February 12 ** The African and Malagasy Common Organization ('; OCAM) is formed as successor to the Afro-Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation ('; UAMCE), formerly the African and Malagasy Union ('; UAM ...
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1894 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United States. * January 9 – New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard, in Lexington, Massachusetts Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census. The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was firs .... * February 12 ** French anarchist Émile Henry (anarchist), Émile Henry sets off a bomb in a Paris café, killing one person and wounding twenty. ** The barque ''Elisabeth Rickmers'' of Bremerhaven is wrecked at Haurvig, Denmark, but all crew and passengers are saved. * February 15 ** In Korea, peasant unrest erupts in the Donghak Peasant ...
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List Of Mycologists
This is a non-exhaustive list of mycologists, or scientists with a specialisation in mycology, with their author abbreviations. Because the study of lichens is traditionally considered a branch of mycology, lichenologists are included in this list. Further reading * * * * * References Bibliography * {{refend Mycology Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as ...
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:Category:Taxa Named By Pieter Groenhart
Taxa named by Pieter Groenhart Pieter Groenhart (February 21, 1894 – November 3, 1965) was a Dutch lichenologist known for his research into tropical Asian lichens. Born in Ilpendam, he became a teacher in 1916 and taught in several local elementary schools. In 1926 he moved ... (1894–1965), a 20th-century Dutch lichenologist. {{CatAutoTOC Groenhart ...
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Rinodina Groenhartii
''Rinodina'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 265 species. It is hypothesized that a few saxicolous species common to dry regions of western North America, southern Europe, North Africa and central Asia may date back 240 million years to the Middle Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period .... See also List of ''Rinodina'' species. References Caliciales Caliciales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1810 {{Caliciales-stub ...
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Cryptothecia Groenhartii
''Cryptothecia'' is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves. in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide. It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen. The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid (whispy, like teased wool). The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek ''krypto'' = "to conceal" and ''theke'' = "a container or sheath". There are about 45 described species in the genus according to one source, and 75 species according to another. The genus is in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains '' Trentepohlia'', a green alga, as its photobiont partner. Two species have been described in North America.B ...
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Cryptothecia
''Cryptothecia'' is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves. in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide. It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen. The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid (whispy, like teased wool). The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek ''krypto'' = "to conceal" and ''theke'' = "a container or sheath". There are about 45 described species in the genus according to one source, and 75 species according to another. The genus is in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains '' Trentepohlia'', a green alga, as its photobiont partner. Two species have been described in North America.B ...
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Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms
. University of California Museum of Paleontology.
Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures (

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Internment Camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply mean imprisonment, it tends to refer to preventive confinement rather than confinement ''after'' having been convicted of some crime. Use of these terms is subject to debate and political sensitivities. The word ''internment'' is also occasionally used to describe a neutral country's practice of detaining belligerent armed forces and equipment on its territory during times of war, under the Hague Convention of 1907. Interned persons may be held in prisons or in facilities known as internment camps (also known as concentration camps). The term ''concentration camp'' originates from the Spanish–Cuban Ten Years' War when Spanish forces detained Cuban civilians in camps in order to more easily combat guerrilla forces. Over the following dec ...
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