Phygellus
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Phygellus
2 Timothy 1 is the first chapter of the Second Epistle to Timothy in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The letter is traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, the last one written in Rome before his death (c. 64 or 67), addressed to Timothy. There are charges that it is the work of an anonymous follower, after Paul's death in the first century AD. This chapter contains an opening greeting, a personal story of Paul and Timothy, a description of the opponents they are facing. Text The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 18 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are: *Codex Sinaiticus (AD 330–360) *Codex Alexandrinus (400–440) *Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450; extant verses 3–18) * Codex Freerianus (c. 450; extant verses 1–3, 10–12) *Codex Claromontanus (c. 550) Opening Greeting and Warnings (1:1–2) The format of the opening greeting is familiar and follows the few first-cen ...
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Second Epistle To Timothy
The Second Epistle to Timothy is one of the three pastoral epistles traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle.. Addressed to Timothy, a fellow missionary, it is traditionally considered to be the last epistle he wrote before his death. Although the pastorals are written under Paul's name, they are different from his other epistles, and since the early 19th century, scholars have increasingly seen them as the work of an unknown student of Paul's doctrine.. They do not address Paul's common themes, such as the believers' unity with Christ, and they reflect a church hierarchy that is more organized and defined than the church was in Paul's time. Nonetheless, a number of major scholars have defended the traditional authorship of 2 Timothy. Authorship Some modern critical scholars argue that 2 Timothy, as well as the other two so-called 'pastoral letters' (1 Timothy and Titus), were not written by Paul but by an anonymous author, sometime between 90 and 140 AD. Some scholars r ...
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016 (GA) Sander's Facsimile, Plate VII
HV-016 is a former military unit of Norway, that was a part of the Home Guard. It was established after 1985 to "stop terror- or sabotage actions that could weaken or paralyze Norway's ability to mobilize its military and its ability to resist". It was decommissioned on 1 January 2011. Investigation after the 2011 Norway attacks, revealed that only parliament had the authority to have the unit decommissioned, but the matter was brought to parliament after the fact. Background Formed in 1987 as a result of the possible threat posed by the Russian Spetsnaz, HV-016 (also informally known as HV-SPES) was an elite unit of the Norwegian Home Guard. The unit had detachments based in the 4 largest cities in Norway; Oslo, Trondheim, Bergen and Stavanger. Not a special forces unit per se, as the operators are not full-time employed in the unit, but it does participate in numerous exercises throughout the course of a year. When the Home Guard was re-structured in 2005, HV-016 was made part ...
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Galatians 1
Galatians 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Galatians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle for the churches in Galatia, written between 49 and 58 CE. This chapter contains Paul's significant exposition concerning the significance of God's revelation of Jesus Christ. Text The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 24 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are: *Papyrus 46 (~AD 200) *Codex Vaticanus (325-350) *Codex Sinaiticus (330-360) * Papyrus 51 (~400; extant verses 2–10, 13, 16–20) *Papyrus 99 (~400; extant verses 4–11, 18–24) *Codex Alexandrinus (400-440) *Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 21–24) *Codex Freerianus (~450; extant verses 1–3, 11–13, 22–24) *Codex Claromontanus (~550) Opening Greetings (1:1–5) The form of the opening words follows the custom in the era 'writer to addresses; greetings' found in other ...
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1 Corinthians 1
1 Corinthians 1 is the first chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes in Ephesus, composed between 52–55 CE, and sent to the church in Corinth.Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition, Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012. Text The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 31 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are: * Codex Vaticanus (AD 325–350) * Codex Sinaiticus (330–360) * Codex Alexandrinus (400–440) * Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 3–31) * Papyrus 14 (6th century; extant verses 25–27) * Papyrus 11 (7th century; extant verses 17–22) Old Testament references * 1 Corinthians 1:19 references Isaiah 29:14Footnote in 1 Corinthians i ...
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Romans 1
Romans 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22. Acts 20:3 records that Paul stayed in Greece, probably Corinth, for three months. Attention has been given to Romans 1:26–27 and the biblical viewpoint on homosexual intercourse. Text The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 32 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Koine Greek are: *Papyrus 40 (~250; extant verses 24–27, 31–32) * Papyrus 10 (AD 316; extant verses 1–7) *Codex Vaticanus (325–350) *Codex Sinaiticus (330–360) *Codex Alexandrinus (400–440) * Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 4–32) A later manuscript, Codex Boernerianus (probably ninth century) does not use the phrase ( ...
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Henry Hampton Halley
Henry Hampton Halley (April 10, 1874 – May 23, 1965) was an American Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) minister and religious writer. He was best known as author of ''Halley's Bible Handbook'', first published in 1924. History Halley was born in Kentucky in 1874, and graduated from Transylvania University and the College of the Bible in 1895. Halley's career as a preacher began in 1899. He married Margaret "Madge" Alberta Gillie and they had four children. Halley began his Bible Handbook in 1924, at which point it was only a 16-page pamphlet of introductory material, called "Suggestions for Bible Study". After Halley distributed 10,000 free copies, he published a second edition that had grown to 32 pages. Each edition saw growth and Halley did not charge until it reached 100 pages. Until 1941, Halley supported his ministry and his publications through donations. During World War II, Halley stopped travelling to preach and put together his Bible handbook: "An Abbreviated Bibl ...
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Lois (biblical Figure)
According to the New Testament, Lois was the grandmother of Timothy. According to extrabiblical Tradition, she was born into the Jewish faith, and later accepted Christianity along with her daughter Eunice. Her only biblical mention is in 2 Timothy 1:5, where the author tells Timothy, "I am reminded of your sincere faith, a faith that dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice and now, I am sure, dwells in you as well."( ESV) It has been suggested that Lois, Eunice, and Timothy may have been kinsfolk of Paul Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chris ..., hence his apparent intimacy with the family and his knowledge of their faith. Lois has often been used as an example for Christian grandmothers and creating a heritage of faith. Dale Evans Rogers suggests t ...
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Eunice (biblical Figure)
According to the New Testament, Eunice was the mother of Timothy and influenced his faith in Christ. Born into the Jewish faith, she and her mother Lois accepted Christianity. Eunice is identified by name only in 2 Timothy 1:5, where the author writes to Timothy, "I am reminded of your sincere faith, a faith that dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice and now, I am sure, dwells in you as well" ( ESV). Many commentators have also connected Eunice to 2 Timothy 3:15, where Timothy is reminded, "from childhood you have been acquainted with the sacred writings" ( ESV). Albert Barnes makes this observation of Eunice: "The mother of Timothy was a pious Hebrewess, and regarded it as one of the duties of her religion to train her son in the careful knowledge of the word of God." Timothy's mother is also mentioned, but not named, in Acts 16:1 where it shows she married outside of the Jewish faith to a Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or relate ...
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Lystra
Lystra ( grc, Λύστρα) was a city in central Anatolia, now part of present-day Turkey. It is mentioned six times in the New Testament. Lystra was visited several times by Paul the Apostle, along with Barnabas or Silas. There Paul met a young disciple, Timothy. Lystra was included by various authors in ancient Lycaonia, Isauria, or Galatia. Location The site of Lystra is believed to be located south of the city of Konya (Iconium in the New Testament), north of the village of Hatunsaray and some north of a small town called Akoren. A small museum within the village of Hatunsaray displays artifacts from ancient Lystra. Lystra is the ancient name of the village visited by Paul the Apostle. There is a present-day village called "Kilistra" near Gökyurt, a village of the Meram district of Konya province. Ancient ruins can be seen near Klistra, including a church with a big cross marked on the wall, a winery, house-like buildings, and the ruins of a city located over the top of ...
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Pauline Letters
The Pauline epistles, also known as Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these epistles are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of early Christianity. As part of the canon of the New Testament, they are foundational texts for both Christian theology and ethics. Most scholars believe that Paul actually wrote seven of the Pauline epistles ( Galatians, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Philemon, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians), while three of the epistles in Paul's name are widely seen as pseudepigraphic (First Timothy, Second Timothy, and Titus).New Testament Letter Structure
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Jesus
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader; he is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (the Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically. Research into the historical Jesus has yielded some uncertainty on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the Jesus portrayed in the New Testament reflects the historical Jesus, as the only detailed records of Jesus' life are contained in the Gospels. Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was circumcised, was baptized by John the Baptist, began his own ministry and was often referred to as "rabbi". Jesus debated with fellow Jews on ho ...
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Christ
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, names and titles), was a first-century Jews, Jewish preacher and religious leader; he is the central figure of Christianity, the Major religious groups, world's largest religion. Most Christians believe he is the Incarnation (Christianity), incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah#Christianity, Messiah (the Christ (title), Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Historicity of Jesus, Jesus existed historically. Quest for the historical Jesus, Research into the historical Jesus has yielded some uncertainty on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the Jesus portrayed in the New Testament reflects the historical Jesus, as the only detailed records of Jesus' life are contained in ...
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