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Phycodnaviridae
''Phycodnaviridae'' is a family of large (100–560 kb) double-stranded DNA viruses that infect marine or freshwater eukaryotic algae. Viruses within this family have a similar morphology, with an icosahedral capsid (polyhedron with 20 faces). As of 2014, there were 33 species in this family, divided among 6 genera. This family belongs to a super-group of large viruses known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. Evidence was published in 2014 suggesting that specific strains of ''Phycodnaviridae'' might infect humans rather than just algal species, as was previously believed. Most genera under this family enter the host cell by cell receptor endocytosis and replicate in the nucleus. ''Phycodnaviridae'' play important ecological roles by regulating the growth and productivity of their algal hosts. Algal species such '' Heterosigma akashiwo'' and the genus ''Chrysochromulina'' can form dense blooms which can be damaging to fisheries, resulting in losses in the aquaculture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses
''Nucleocytoviricota'' is a phylum of viruses. Members of the phylum are also known as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), which serves as the basis of the name of the phylum with the suffix - for virus phylum. These viruses are referred to as nucleocytoplasmic because they are often able to replicate in both the host's cell nucleus and cytoplasm. The phylum is notable for containing the giant viruses. There are nine families of NCLDVs that all share certain genomic and structural characteristics; however, it is uncertain whether the similarities of the different families of this group have a common viral ancestor. One feature of this group is a large genome and the presence of many genes involved in DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Typically, viruses with smaller genomes do not contain genes for these processes. Most of the viruses in this family also replicate in both the host's nucleus and cytoplasm, thus the name nucleocytoplasmic. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorovirus
''Chlorovirus'', also known as Chlorella virus, is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA viruses, in the family '' Phycodnaviridae''. This genus is found globally in freshwater environments where freshwater microscopic algae serve as natural hosts. There are 19 species in this genus. ''Chlorovirus'' was initially discovered in 1981 by Russel H. Meints, James L. Van Etten, Daniel Kuczmarski, Kit Lee, and Barbara Ang while attempting to culture Chlorella-like algae. During the attempted process viral particles were discovered in the cells 2 to 6 hours after being initially isolated, followed by lysis after 12 to 20 hours. This virus was initially called HVCV (Hydra viridis Chlorella virus) since it was first found to infect Chlorella-like algae. Though relatively new to virologists and thus not extensively studied, one species, Chlorovirus ATCV-1, commonly found in lakes, has been recently found to infect humans. New studies focusing on effects of infection in mouse model are curr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeovirus
''Phaeovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Phycodnaviridae ''Phycodnaviridae'' is a family of large (100–560 kb) double-stranded DNA viruses that infect marine or freshwater eukaryotic algae. Viruses within this family have a similar morphology, with an icosahedral capsid (polyhedron with 20 f ...''. Alga serve as natural hosts. There are nine species in this genus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Ectocarpus fasciculatus virus a'' * '' Ectocarpus siliculosus virus 1'' * '' Ectocarpus siliculosus virus a'' * '' Feldmannia irregularis virus a'' * '' Feldmannia species virus'' * '' Feldmannia species virus a'' * '' Hincksia hinckiae virus a'' * '' Myriotrichia clavaeformis virus a'' * '' Pilayella littoralis virus 1'' Structure Viruses in ''Phaeovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=169 symmetry. The diameter is around 120-150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 150-350kb in length. Life cycle Viral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prasinovirus
''Prasinovirus'' is a genus of large double-stranded DNA viruses, in the family ''Phycodnaviridae'' that infect phytoplankton in the '' Prasinophyceae''. There are two species in this genus, including ''Micromonas pusilla virus SP1'', which infects the cosmopolitan photosynthetic flagellate ''Micromonas ''Micromonas'' is a genus of green algae in the family '' Mamiellaceae''. Before the characterization in 2016 of a second species, ''Micromonas commoda'', ''Micromonas pusilla'' was considered to be the only species in the genus, which led to a ... pusilla''. There is a large group of genetically diverse but related viruses that show considerable evidence of lateral gene transfer. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Micromonas pusilla virus SP1'' * '' Ostreococcus tauri virus OtV5'' Structure Viruses in ''Prasinovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=169 symmetry. The diameter is around 104-118 nm. Life cycle V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prymnesiovirus
''Prymnesiovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Phycodnaviridae''. Alga serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: ''Chrysochromulina brevifilum virus PW1'' (CbV-PW1). It infects ''Haptolina brevifila'', basionym: ''Chrysochromulina ''Chrysochromulina'' is a genus of haptophytes. This phytoplankton is distributed globally in brackish and marine waters across approximately 60 known species. All ''Chrysochromulina'' species are phototrophic, however some have been shown to ... brevifilum'' (Edvardsen et al., 2011).S.F. Mirza ''et al''Isolation and characterization of a virus infecting the freshwater algae ''Chrysochromulina parva', in: Virology Volume 486, December 2015, Pages 105-115, doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.005. See Fig. 4. Structure Viruses in ''Prymnesiovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=169 symmetry. The diameter is around 100-170 nm. Genomes are linear, around 120-485kb in length. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphidovirus
''Raphidovirus'' (likely misspelled ''Rhaphidovirus'') is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Phycodnaviridae ''Phycodnaviridae'' is a family of large (100–560 kb) double-stranded DNA viruses that infect marine or freshwater eukaryotic algae. Viruses within this family have a similar morphology, with an icosahedral capsid (polyhedron with 20 f ...''. Alga serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: ''Heterosigma akashiwo virus 01'' (HaV01). Structure Viruses in ''Raphidovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=169 symmetry. The diameter is around 100-220 nm. Genomes are linear, around 295kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis via lytic phospholipids. Alga serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccolithovirus
''Coccolithovirus'' is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA virus, in the family ''Phycodnaviridae''. Algae, specifically '' Emiliania huxleyi'', a species of coccolithophore, serve as natural hosts. There is only one described species in this genus: ''Emiliania huxleyi virus 86''. Structure Coccolithoviruses are enveloped, icosahedral and have a diameter ranging from 100–220 nm. Their genomes are linear, between 410–415kb in length and predict to encode for approximately 472 proteins. Life cycle Coccolithoviruses are part of the family of ''Phycodnaviridae'', one of the five families that belong to a large and phylogenetically diverse group of viruses known as nucleocytoplasmic large dsDNA viruses ( NCLDVs). These viruses either replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of the host cell or start their life cycle in the host nucleus but complete it in the cytoplasm. In the case of EhV-86 the infection strategy is not fully understood but Mackinder et al. (2009) have pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthocystis Turfacea Chlorella Virus 1
''Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1'' (''ATCV-1''), also called Chlorovirus ATCV-1 or Chlorella virus ATCV-1 is a species of giant double-stranded DNA virus in the genus ''Chlorovirus''. The host of ATCV-1 is '' Chlorella heliozoae''; it was demonstrated that "ATCV-1 neither attaches to nor infects" Chlorella variabilis. Human infection DNA from ATCV-1 has been isolated from the mucous membranes of the noses of humans. In both humans and mice, the presence of ATCV-1 on the oropharyngeal The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its struct ... mucosa was associated with lower scores in tests of cognitive and motor skills. Injection of purified algal virus ATCV-1 intracranially results in long-lasting cognitive and behavioural effects in mice via induction of inflammatory factors. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus IL3A
'' ''Paramecium'' ( , ; also spelled ''Paramoecium'') is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. ''Paramecia'' are widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments and are often very abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, it has been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Its usefulness as a model organism has caused one ciliate researcher to characterize it as the " white rat" of the phylum Ciliophora. Historical background ''Paramecia'' were among the first ciliates to be seen by microscopists, in the late 17th century. They were probably known to the Dutch pioneer of protozoology, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and were clearly described by his contemporary Christiaan Huygens in a letter of 1678. The earliest known illustration of a Paramecium was published anonymously in Philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus NC1A
'' ''Paramecium'' ( , ; also spelled ''Paramoecium'') is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. ''Paramecia'' are widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments and are often very abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, it has been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Its usefulness as a model organism has caused one ciliate researcher to characterize it as the " white rat" of the phylum Ciliophora. Historical background ''Paramecia'' were among the first ciliates to be seen by microscopists, in the late 17th century. They were probably known to the Dutch pioneer of protozoology, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and were clearly described by his contemporary Christiaan Huygens in a letter of 1678. The earliest known illustration of a Paramecium was published anonymously in Philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus NE8A
'' ''Paramecium'' ( , ; also spelled ''Paramoecium'') is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. ''Paramecia'' are widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments and are often very abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, it has been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Its usefulness as a model organism has caused one ciliate researcher to characterize it as the " white rat" of the phylum Ciliophora. Historical background ''Paramecia'' were among the first ciliates to be seen by microscopists, in the late 17th century. They were probably known to the Dutch pioneer of protozoology, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and were clearly described by his contemporary Christiaan Huygens in a letter of 1678. The earliest known illustration of a Paramecium was published anonymously in Philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus SC1A
'' ''Paramecium'' ( , ; also spelled ''Paramoecium'') is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. ''Paramecia'' are widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments and are often very abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, it has been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Its usefulness as a model organism has caused one ciliate researcher to characterize it as the " white rat" of the phylum Ciliophora. Historical background ''Paramecia'' were among the first ciliates to be seen by microscopists, in the late 17th century. They were probably known to the Dutch pioneer of protozoology, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and were clearly described by his contemporary Christiaan Huygens in a letter of 1678. The earliest known illustration of a Paramecium was published anonymously in Philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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