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Phrynophiurida
The Phrynophiurida (formerly called Euryalae) are an order of brittle stars containing the basket stars. Characteristics Phrynophiurida have bursae for gas exchange and excretion. Their ventral arm shields are rudimentary, and dorsal shields usually absent. Arms sometimes are branched, and can coil vertically. The vertebrae are joined by hourglass-shaped surfaces. The madreporite is on the oral surface. Digestive glands are confined to central disc. The integument is leathery, bearing calcareous granules or platelets. They generally live in deep-sea waters, coiling their arms on branched black coral. Systematics The Asteronychidae have a large disk and slender arms, and the Asteroschematidae have a small disk and stout arms. One remaining family, the Ophiomyxidae, differs in having a soft, unprotected integument, like that of Ophiocanops, but lacks the peculiar features of the gut and gonads in oegophiurids. Phrynophiurida are divided into the following suborders and fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrynophiurida
The Phrynophiurida (formerly called Euryalae) are an order of brittle stars containing the basket stars. Characteristics Phrynophiurida have bursae for gas exchange and excretion. Their ventral arm shields are rudimentary, and dorsal shields usually absent. Arms sometimes are branched, and can coil vertically. The vertebrae are joined by hourglass-shaped surfaces. The madreporite is on the oral surface. Digestive glands are confined to central disc. The integument is leathery, bearing calcareous granules or platelets. They generally live in deep-sea waters, coiling their arms on branched black coral. Systematics The Asteronychidae have a large disk and slender arms, and the Asteroschematidae have a small disk and stout arms. One remaining family, the Ophiomyxidae, differs in having a soft, unprotected integument, like that of Ophiocanops, but lacks the peculiar features of the gut and gonads in oegophiurids. Phrynophiurida are divided into the following suborders and fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euryalina
The Euryalida are an order of brittle stars, which includes large species with either branching arms (called "basket stars") or long and curling arms (called "snake stars"). Characteristics Many of the species in this order have characteristic repeatedly branched arms (a shape known as "basket stars", which includes most Gorgonocephalidae and two species in the family Euryalidae), while the other species have very long and curling arms, and go rather by the name of "snake stars" (mostly abyssal species). Many of them live in deep sea habitats or cold waters, though some basket stars can be seen at night in shallow tropical reefs. Most young basket stars live on specific type of coral. In the wild they may live up to 35 years. They weigh up to Like other echinoderms, basket stars lack blood and achieve gas exchange via their water vascular system. The basket stars are the largest ophiuroids with '' Gorgonocephalus stimpsoni'' measuring up to 70 cm in arm length wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basket Star
The Euryalida are an order of brittle stars, which includes large species with either branching arms (called "basket stars") or long and curling arms (called "snake stars"). Characteristics Many of the species in this order have characteristic repeatedly branched arms (a shape known as "basket stars", which includes most Gorgonocephalidae and two species in the family Euryalidae), while the other species have very long and curling arms, and go rather by the name of "snake stars" (mostly abyssal species). Many of them live in deep sea habitats or cold waters, though some basket stars can be seen at night in shallow tropical reefs. Most young basket stars live on specific type of coral. In the wild they may live up to 35 years. They weigh up to Like other echinoderms, basket stars lack blood and achieve gas exchange via their water vascular system. The basket stars are the largest ophiuroids with '' Gorgonocephalus stimpsoni'' measuring up to 70 cm in arm length with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteronychidae
Asteronychidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Euryalida. Genera: * ''Asteronyx'' Müller & Troschel, 1842 * ''Astrodia'' Verrill, 1899 * ''Astronebris'' Downey, 1967 * ''Lillithaster'' Thuy, Numberger-Thuy & Jagt, 2018 * ''Ophioschiza'' H.L.Clark, 1911 References Echinoderm families Phrynophiurida {{Ophiuroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorgonocephalidae
Gorgonocephalidae is a family of basket stars. They have characteristic many-branched arms. Gorgonocephalidae are the largest ophiuroids ('' Gorgonocephalus stimpsoni'' can measure up to 70 cm in arm length with a disk diameter of 14 cm). Systematics and phylogeny The family is divided into the following genera: Fossil record of Gorgonocephalidae dates back to Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ....Kroh, A. 2003. First record of gorgonocephalid ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys. Cainozoic Research 2: 143-155 References Echinoderm families Phrynophiurida {{Ophiuroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euryalidae
Euryalidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Euryalida. Genera Genera: * '' Asteromorpha'' Lütken, 1869 * '' Asteroschema'' Örsted & Lütken, 1856 * '' Asterostegus'' Mortensen, 1933 * '' Astrobrachion'' Doederlein, 1927 * '' Astroceras'' Lyman, 1879 * '' Astrocharis'' Koehler, 1904 * ''Euryale In Greek mythology, Euryale ( ; grc, Εὐρυάλη, lit=far-roaming") was the name of the following characters: * Euryale (Gorgon), Euryale, one of the Gorgons. * Euryale, daughter of Minos, possible mother of the great hunter Orion (mythology) ...'' Lamarck, 1816 * '' Ophiocreas'' Lyman, 1879 * '' Squamophis'' Okanishi, O'Hara & Fujita, 2011 * '' Sthenocephalus'' Koehler, 1898 * '' Trichaster'' L. Agassiz, 1836 References Echinoderm families Phrynophiurida {{Ophiuroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brittle Star
Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (; ; referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. The ophiuroids generally have five long, slender, whip-like arms which may reach up to in length on the largest specimens. The Ophiuroidea contain two large clades, Ophiurida (brittle stars) and Euryalida (basket stars). Over 2,000 species of brittle stars live today. More than 1,200 of these species are found in deep waters, greater than 200 m deep. Range The ophiuroids diverged in the Early Ordovician, about 500 million years ago. Ophiuroids can be found today in all of the major marine provinces, from the poles to the tropics. Basket stars are usually confined to the deeper parts of this range; Ophiuroids are known even from abyssal (>6,000 m) depths. However, brittle stars are also common members of reef communities, where t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bursa
( grc-gre, Προῦσα, Proûsa, Latin: Prusa, ota, بورسه, Arabic:بورصة) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of Turkey's automotive production takes place in Bursa. As of 2019, the Metropolitan Province was home to 3,056,120 inhabitants, 2,161,990 of whom lived in the 3 city urban districts (Osmangazi, Yildirim and Nilufer) plus Gursu and Kestel, largely conurbated. Bursa was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to as (, meaning "God's Gift" in Ottoman Turkish, a name of Persian origin) during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is ("") in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madreporite
The madreporite is a light colored calcareous opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It acts like a pressure-equalizing valve. It is visible as a small red or yellow button-like structure, looking like a small wart, on the aboral surface of the central disk of a sea star or sea urchin or the oral surface of Ophiuroidea. Close up, it is visibly structured, resembling a "madrepore" (stone coral, Scleractinia) colony. From this, it derives its name. The water vascular system of the sea star consists of a series of seawater-filled ducts that function in locomotion and feeding and respiration. Its main parts are the madreporite, the stone canal, the ring canal, the radial canals, the lateral canals, and the tube feet. The sieve-like madreporite allows entry of seawater into the stone canal, which connects to the ring canal around the mouth. Five or more radial canals extend from the ring canal, one in each arm above the ambulacral groove. From th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiomyxidae
Ophiomyxidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Ophiacanthida Ophiacanthida is an order of echinoderms belonging to the class Ophiuroidea. Families: * Ophiodermatina Ljungman, 1867 ** Ophiodermatidae ** Ophiomyxidae ** Ophiopezidae ** Ophiocomidae Ophiocomidae are a family of brittle stars of the sub .... Genera Genera: * '' Astrogymnotes'' * '' Neoplax'' Bell, 1884 * '' Ophiarachna'' Müller & Troschel, 1842 References Ophiacanthida Echinoderm families {{Ophiuroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
