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Phlebovirus
''Phlebovirus'' is one of twenty genera of the family ''Phenuiviridae'' in the order ''Bunyavirales''. The genus contains 66 species. It derives its name from Phlebotominae, the Vector (disease vector, vectors of member species ''Naples phlebovirus'', which is said to be ultimately from the Greek language, Greek , meaning "vein". The proper word for "vein" in ancient Greek is however ''phleps'' (φλέψ). Virology Phleboviruses are viruses with a negative-sense RNA genome consisting of three segments. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein, NSs via an ambisense coding strategy. The medium-sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Replication The Phlebovirus replicates in a 7 step process. First, the cellular attachment is driven through the glycoprotein interactions with host cells. Examples of this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlebovirus
''Phlebovirus'' is one of twenty genera of the family ''Phenuiviridae'' in the order ''Bunyavirales''. The genus contains 66 species. It derives its name from Phlebotominae, the Vector (disease vector, vectors of member species ''Naples phlebovirus'', which is said to be ultimately from the Greek language, Greek , meaning "vein". The proper word for "vein" in ancient Greek is however ''phleps'' (φλέψ). Virology Phleboviruses are viruses with a negative-sense RNA genome consisting of three segments. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein, NSs via an ambisense coding strategy. The medium-sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Replication The Phlebovirus replicates in a 7 step process. First, the cellular attachment is driven through the glycoprotein interactions with host cells. Examples of this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punta Toro Phlebovirus
The Punta Toro virus is a member of the genus ''Phlebovirus'' of the order Bunyavirales. It was initially isolated from patients in Colombia and two key patients in Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos .... Two individual serotypes of PTV were isolated from these patients, PTV-Adames (A) and PTV-Balliet (B), with PTV-A appearing to be more virulent. PTV is considered to be relatively contained to the Americas with no cases being reported outside of this region. Along with a few other human pathogenic ''Phleboviruses'', PTV is considered to be a significant virus in terms of public health as little information is known about its clinical effects and with further research underway, PTV could have unforeseen impacts on health and virology. Structure PTV possesses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandfly Fever Naples Phlebovirus
''Naples phlebovirus'' is an antigenic species of genus ''Phlebovirus'' within the family ''Phenuiviridae'' of the order ''Bunyavirales''. It is an enveloped RNA virus with a tripartite genome e Uukuniemi (UUK) serogroup. The Sandfly group's natural reservoir are sandflies, while the natural reservoir for Uukuniemi is ticks. The SFNV serogroup consists of two main serocomplexes associated with disease in humans, the Naples and Sicilian serocomplexes. Sandfly fever induces myalgia, fever, and elevated liver enzymes in humans. It is difficult to diagnose outside endemic areas. Natural reservoir Phlebotomine sandflies (Psychodidae Psychodidae, called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth f ...) are the natural reservoir and transmit to humans via bite. Psychodidae has a wide geographical distribu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naples Phlebovirus
''Naples phlebovirus'' is an antigenic species of genus ''Phlebovirus'' within the family ''Phenuiviridae'' of the order ''Bunyavirales''. It is an enveloped RNA virus with a tripartite genome e Uukuniemi (UUK) serogroup. The Sandfly group's natural reservoir are sandflies, while the natural reservoir for Uukuniemi is ticks. The SFNV serogroup consists of two main serocomplexes associated with disease in humans, the Naples and Sicilian serocomplexes. Sandfly fever induces myalgia, fever, and elevated liver enzymes in humans. It is difficult to diagnose outside endemic areas. Natural reservoir Phlebotomine sandflies (Psychodidae Psychodidae, called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth f ...) are the natural reservoir and transmit to humans via bite. Psychodidae has a wide geographical distrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heartland Bandavirus
''Heartland bandavirus'', sometimes called Heartland virus (HRTV), is a tick-borne ''phlebovirus'' of the '' Bhanja virus'' serocomplex discovered in 2009. The lone star tick transmits the virus to people when feeding on blood. As of 2017, only five states in the Central United States have reported 20 human infections, namely Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Tennessee; symptoms resemble those of two other tick-borne infections ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. The reservoir host is unknown, but deer, raccoon, coyotes, and moose in 13 different states have antibody titers against the virus. History The ''Heartland virus'' (HRTV) was discovered in 2009 in northwestern Missouri by Dr. Scott Folk of Heartland Regional Medical Center in St. Joseph, Missouri. The virus was first proven to infect humans in June 2009 when two farmers, living apart, presented with fever, fatigue, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. The Lone Star Tick transmits the virus to people when feedi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alenquer Phlebovirus
''Alenquer phlebovirus'' (ALEV) is a virus in the genus ''Phlebovirus''. ''Alenquer phlebovirus'' was one of eight arthropod-borne virus Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. The term ''arbovirus'' is a portmanteau word (''ar''thropod-''bo''rne ''virus''). ''Tibovirus'' (''ti''ck-''bo''rne ''virus'') is sometimes used to more spe ...es first isolated in the early 1980s from sites along roads built into the Amazon rainforest in Brazil for settlers. Sporadic cases of febrile illness have occurred in humans who live in jungle areas in Brazil and Panama. References Phleboviruses Serology {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candiru Phlebovirus
''Candiru phlebovirus'' (CDUV) is a species of virus in the genus ''Phlebovirus''. Related strains CDUV forms a serocomplex of related viruses with other phlebovirus strains (not italicized) and species (italicized), including: * ''Alenquer phlebovirus ''Alenquer phlebovirus'' (ALEV) is a virus in the genus ''Phlebovirus''. ''Alenquer phlebovirus'' was one of eight arthropod-borne virus Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. The term ''arbo ...'' * Ariquemes virus * '' Echarate phlebovirus'' * '' Itaituba phlebovirus'' * Jacunda virus * '' Maldonado phlebovirus'' * Morumbi virus * Mucura virus * '' Nique phlebovirus'' * '' Oriximina phlebovirus'' * Serra Norte virus * '' Turuna phlebovirus'' The serocomplex, CDUV, Alenquer, Echarate, Maldonado, Morumbi, and Serra Norte were isolated from people experiencing febrile illness, whereas the others were isolated from mosquitoes and sandflies. References Phleboviruses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toscana Phlebovirus
''Toscana phlebovirus'' (TOSV) is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) belonging to ''Bunyavirales'', an order of negative-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses. The virus can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly of the genus ''Phlebotomus''. Toscana is not normally associated with disease, as indicated by high seroprevalence rates (up to 25%) in endemic areas, but in common with other sandfly transmitted viruses such as '' Naples virus'' and '' Sicilian virus'', infection may result in Pappataci fever, an illness with mild fever, headache and myalgia. In serious cases that go undiagnosed, acute meningitis, meningoencephalitis and encephalitis may occur. There is no specific treatment for infection, so treatment is supportive, reducing the severity of symptoms until the immune system has cleared the infection. The virus is found in most countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, with the highest incidence in Italy. Infection rates peak during the summer time a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicilian Phlebovirus
''Sicilian phlebovirus'' is a phlebovirus associated with sandfly fever. It is related to the Naples and Toscana viruses, which also cause sandfly fever. Discovery The virus was discovered in Palermo, Sicilia, Italy where it affected troops of the World War II Allied Army Forces after the 1943 Sicily landings. Clinical Sandfly fever is a nonfatal influenza-like illness. The incubation period is 3–6 days, and signs and symptoms include high fever that lasts 3–74 hours, malaise, abdominal pain, headache, severe retro-orbital pain, lower back pain, photophobia, and anorexia. Marked leukopenia may occur. Patients may also experience transient diarrhea or constipation with abdominal discomfort. The only sandfly fever virus known to be neurotropic is Toscana virus. However, there have been a report of encephalitis and aseptic meningitis associated with SFSV. Treatment is supportive but ribavirin may be beneficial in severe or rapidly decompensating cases. There is little o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenuiviridae
''Phenuiviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Bunyavirales''. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus ''Phlebovirus'' is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus) except Dabie bandavirus. Virology Structure Members of ''Phenuiviridae are'' enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). Genome ''Phenuiviridae'' is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment ( nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pappataci Fever
Pappataci fever (also known as Phlebotomus fever and, somewhat confusingly, sandfly fever and three-day fever) is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. It occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly; it is the union of the words ''pappa'' (usually this is used as a generic name for food, but in this case it is a ''verb'' meaning "eating") and ''taci'' (silent), distinguishing these insects from blood-feeding mosquitoes, which produce a typical noise while flying. Signs and symptoms A few days after the infective bite, a feeling of lassitude, abdominal distress and chills develop followed by fever of , severe frontal headaches, muscle and joint aches, flushing of the face and a fast heart rate. After two days the fever begins to subside and the temperature returns to normal. Fatigue, a slow heart rate and low blood pressure may persist from a few days to se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunyavirales
''Bunyavirales'' is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class ''Ellioviricetes''. The name ''Bunyavirales'' derives from Bunyamwera, where the original type species ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' was first discovered. ''Ellioviricetes'' is named in honor of late virologist Richard M. Elliott for his early work on bunyaviruses. Bunyaviruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification system, which includes viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. They have an enveloped, spherical virion. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this order occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-borne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
