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Phlaocyon
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to ''Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and towa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Taylori
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to ''Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Leucosteus
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to ''Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Marslandensis
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to ''Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Multicuspus
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to ''Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyonini
Phlaocyonini is an extinct clade or tribe of hypocarnivorous borophagines (bone-crushing dogs). They were endemic to North America and from the Oligocene epoch (Whitneyan stage) to the Miocene ( Early Barstovian) living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . The clade includes ''Cynarctoides'' and ''Phlaocyon''. These two genus members represent differing approaches of hypocarnivory. The ''Cynarctoides'' trend toward having molar teeth with crowns formed of crescent-shaped cusps and remain small in size. ''Phlaocyon'' specialize toward rounded cusps on the molar teeth but of increasing size, with an unusual trend toward being hypercarnivores by two terminal species in the clade. Four transitional species of ''Cormocyon'' and ''Desmocyon'' occupy intermediate positions between the Phlaocyonini and Cynarctina. These represent a gradual size increase toward medium-size individuals. Fossil distribution A few of many sites: * Wewela Site, Turtle Butte Formation, Tripp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Mariae
''Phlaocyon mariae'' is an extinct species of the genus ''Phlaocyon'', belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited central western North America from the Miocene living 20.6–16.3 Ma, and existed for approximately . ''Phlaocyon mariae'' was described and named by , the name honours S. Marie Skinner who assembled and documented specimens from Nebraska. The species is known from worn upper and lower teeth and skull fragments found at the Early Hemingfordian ''Aletomeryx'' Quarry Site, Runningwater Formation, Cherry County, Nebraska. ''P. mariae'' is the largest ''Phlaocyon'' with teeth that display a mixture of hypo- and hypercarnivorous A hypercarnivore is an animal which has a diet that is more than 70% meat, either via active predation or by scavenging. The remaining non-meat diet may consist of non-animal foods such as fungi, fruits or other plant material. Some extant exampl ... characters. Wang et al. noted that the poor p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Annectens
''Phlaocyon annectens'' is an extinct species of the genus ''Phlaocyon'', belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid endemic to central and western North America from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene living 24.6—20.8 mya and existed for approximately . Taxonomy ''Phlaocyon annectens'' was named by . Its type locality is Beardog Hill, which is in a Harrisonian fluvial sandstone in the Upper Harrison Beds Formation of Nebraska. It was recombined as ''Phlaocyon annectens'' by Vanderhill (1980) and . Morphology Body mass estimated the body mass Human body weight is a person's Mass versus weight, mass or weight. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoe ... of two specimens to be . Fossil distribution *Castolon (TMM 40635), Brewster County, Texas ~24.8—20.6 Ma. *American Museum-Cook Quarry, Sioux County, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Achoros
''Phlaocyon achoros'' is an extinct species of the genus ''Phlaocyon'', belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited the southeastern North America from the Late Oligocene to Miocene living 24.6—20.8 mya and existed for approximately . Taxonomy ''Phlaocyon achoros'' was named by . Its type locality is Buda Mine, which is in a Harrisonian sinkhole horizon in Florida. It was recombined as ''Phlaocyon achoros'' by and . Morphology Body mass estimated the body mass of two specimens to be . Fossil distribution Only known from Buda Mine Site, Alachua County, Florida Alachua County ( ) is a county in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 278,468. The county seat is Gainesville, the home of the University of Florida since 1906, when the campus ope ... ~24.8—20.6 Ma. References Notes Sources * * * *Martin, L.D. 1989. Fossil history of the terrestrial carnivora. Pag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Latidens
''Phlaocyon latidens'' is an extinct species of the genus ''Phlaocyon'', belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited northwestern North America from the Late Oligocene to Miocene living 33.3–20.6 mya and existed for approximately . Taxonomy ''Phlaocyon latidens'' was originally named ''Galecynus latidens'' by . It was recombined as ''Cynodictis latidens'' by ; it was recombined as ''Nothocyon latidens'' by , Merriam (1906), , , Thorpe (1922), Hall and Martin (1930), Macdonald (1963) and Macdonald (1970); it was recombined as ''Cormocyon latidens'' by Wang and Fremd (1994); it was recombined as ''Phlaocyon latidens'' by . Morphology Body mass estimated the body mass of two specimens to be . Fossil distribution *North Blue Basin Site, John Day Formation, Grant County, Oregon ~33.3–30.8 Ma. *Foree Site, John Day Formation, Wheeler County, Oregon Wheeler County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Minor
''Phlaocyon minor'' is an extinct species of canid mammal known from the Miocene-Oligocene ( Arikareean NALMA, more than ) of the United States (Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Texas.) The type specimen of ''P. minor'' is a partial maxilla, a partial dentary, and limb fragments found in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota (: paleocoordinates ). referred half a dozen other specimens to ''P. minor'', including a nearly complete skull and a mandible from Wyoming. ''P. minor'' is the most basal member of ''Phlaocyon'' but it can still be distinguished from more primitive borophagines such as ''Archaeocyon'', ''Rhizocyon'', and ''Cynarctoides ''Cynarctoides'' is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Early Oligocene to the Middle Miocene, 33.3—13.6 Mya, existing for approximately . Seven species are currently recognised, a ...''. Characters placing it in ''Phlaocyon'' includes robust and shortened pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon Yatkolai
''Phlaocyon yatkolai'' is an extinct species of canid mammal known from the early Hemingfordian () Runningwater Formation, Box Butte County, Nebraska (, paleocoordinates ). ''P. yatkolai'', named after the collector late Daniel Yatkola, is known from a right dentary with teeth. It is a large species of ''Phlaocyon'' and it displays several derived characters in its dentition. These characters are, however, slightly less derived than in its sister taxon '' P. mariae''. Wang et al. argued that these two species display a tendency towards hypercarnivorous A hypercarnivore is an animal which has a diet that is more than 70% meat, either via active predation or by scavenging. The remaining non-meat diet may consist of non-animal foods such as fungi, fruits or other plant material. Some extant exampl ... dentition, in contrast to the hypocarnivorous dentition found in the other members of the genus. References Notes Sources * Borophagines Miocene canids Taxa named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borophaginae
The extinct Borophaginae form one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Hesperocyoninae and extant Caninae. Borophaginae, called "bone-crushing dogs", were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 34—2.5 million years ago, existing for about . Origin The Borophaginae descended from the subfamily Hesperocyoninae. The earliest and most primitive borophagine is the genus ''Archaeocyon'', which is a small fox-sized animal mostly found in the fossil beds in western North America. The borophagines soon diversified into several major groups. They evolved to become considerably larger than their predecessors, and filled a wide range of niches in late Cenozoic North America, from small omnivores to powerful, bear-sized carnivores, such as ''Epicyon''. Species There are 66 identified borophagine species, including 18 new ones that range from the Orellan to Blancan ages. A phylogenetic anal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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