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Phengodidae
The beetle family Phengodidae is known also as glowworm beetles, whose larvae are known as glowworms. The females and larvae have bioluminescence, bioluminescent organs. They occur throughout the New World from extreme southern Canada to Chile. The recently recognized members of the Phengodidae, the Cydistinae, are found in Western Asia. The family Rhagophthalmidae, an Old World group, used to be included in the Phengodidae. Larval and larviform female glowworms are predators, feeding on millipedes and other arthropods occurring in soil and litter. The winged males, which are often attracted to lights at night, are short-lived and probably do not feed. Females are much larger than the males and are completely larviform. Males may be luminescent, but females and larvae have a series of luminescent organs on trunk segments which emit yellow or green light, and sometimes an additional head organ which emits red light, as in railroad worms. This family is distinct from the firefly, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phengodes
''Phengodes'' is a genus of glowworms in the beetle family Phengodidae. There are more than 30 described species in ''Phengodes''. Species These 31 species belong to the genus ''Phengodes'': * ''Phengodes arizonensis'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Phengodes atezcanus'' Zaragoza, 1980 * ''Phengodes bella'' Barber, 1913 * ''Phengodes bimaculata'' Gorham, 1881 * ''Phengodes bipenniera'' * ''Phengodes bipennifera'' Gorham, 1881 * ''Phengodes bolivari'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1981 * ''Phengodes brailovskyi'' Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986-30 * ''Phengodes chamelensis'' Zaragoza, 2004-01 * ''Phengodes championi'' Pic, 1927 * ''Phengodes ecuadoriana'' Wittmer, 1988-29 * ''Phengodes fenestrata'' Wittmer, 1976-10 * ''Phengodes frontalis'' LeConte, 1881 * ''Phengodes fusciceps'' LeConte, 1861 * ''Phengodes inflata'' Wittmer, 1976-10 * ''Phengodes insignis'' Bourgeois, 1888 * ''Phengodes insulcata'' Pic, 1925 * ''Phengodes laticollis'' LeConte, 1881 * ''Phengodes leonilae'' Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986-30 * ''Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish ''dirt'' from ''soil'' by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil is a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases. Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem. Most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenophengus
''Cenophengus'' is a genus of glowworm beetles in the family Phengodidae The beetle family Phengodidae is known also as glowworm beetles, whose larvae are known as glowworms. The females and larvae have bioluminescence, bioluminescent organs. They occur throughout the New World from extreme southern Canada to Chile. .... There are at least 30 described species in ''Cenophengus''. Species * '' Cenophengus baios'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2003 * '' Cenophengus brunneus'' Wittmer, 1976 * '' Cenophengus ciceroi'' Wittmer, 1981 *'' Cenophengus cuicatlaensis'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008 * '' Cenophengus debilis'' LeConte, 1881 *'' Cenophengus gardunoi'' Vega-Badillo, Morrone & Zaragoza-Caballero, 2021 *'' Cenophengus gorhami'' Zaragoza-Callero, 1986 *'' Cenophengus hnogamui'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Ríos-Ibarra, 2021 *'' Cenophengus howdeni'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1986 *'' Cenophengus huatulcoensis'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008 *'' Cenophengus kikapu'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glowworm (4213020277)
Glowworm or glow-worm is the common name for various groups of insect larvae and adult larviform females that glow through bioluminescence. They include the European common glow-worm and other members of the Lampyridae, but bioluminescence also occurs in the families Elateridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae among beetles; as well as members of the genera Arachnocampa, Keroplatus and Orfelia among keroplatid fungus gnats. Beetles Four families of beetles are bioluminescent. The wingless larviform females and larvae of these bioluminescent species are usually known as "glowworms". Winged males may or may not also exhibit bioluminescence. Their light may be emitted as flashes or as a constant glow, and usually range in colour from green, yellow, to orange. The families are closely related, and are all members of the beetle superfamily, Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that bioluminescence may have a single evolutionary origin among the families Lampyridae, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omethidae
Omethidae is a family of Elateroidea sometimes known as the false soldier beetles. They are native to South, Southeast and Eastern Asia and the Americas. Their biology is obscure and their larvae are unknown. They appear to inhabit vegetation in or surrounding forests, and are probably active during the day. Classification and taxonomy There are some 40 species in 11 genera, divided into four subfamilies. Long-lipped beetles (Telegeusinae) were formerly treated as a family Telegeusidae but are most recently treated as a subfamily within Omethidae. According to other recent studies, Phengodidae might possibly include (or be sister taxon to) the telegeusines.Zaragoza-Caballero & Zurita-Garcia (2015) A preliminary study on the phylogeny of the family Phengodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Zootaxa 3947: 527–542. Subfamily Driloniinae *'' Drilonius'' Subfamily Matheteinae *''Ginglymocladus'' *''Matheteus'' Subfamily Omethinae *''Blatchleya'' *''Malthomethes'' *''Omethes'' *'' Symph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lampyridae
The Lampyridae are a family (biology), family of Elateroidea, elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are bioluminescence, light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production of light, mainly crepuscular, during twilight, to attract mates. Light production in the Lampyridae is thought to have originated as an honest signal, honest Aposematism, warning signal that the larvae were distasteful; this was co-opted in evolution as a mating signal in the adults. In a further development, female fireflies of the genus ''Photuris'' mimic the flash pattern of ''Photinus (beetle), Photinus'' species to trap their males as prey. Fireflies are found in temperate and tropical climates. Many live in marshes or in wet, wooded areas where their larvae have abundant sources of food. While all known fireflies glow as larvae, only some species produce light in their adult stage, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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