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Phengodidae
The beetle family Phengodidae is known also as glowworm beetles, whose larvae are known as glowworms. The females and larvae have bioluminescent organs. They occur throughout the New World from extreme southern Canada to Chile. The recently recognized members of the Phengodidae, the Cydistinae, are found in Western Asia. The family Rhagophthalmidae, an Old World group, used to be included in the Phengodidae. Larval and larviform female glowworms are predators, feeding on millipedes and other arthropods occurring in soil and litter. The winged males, which are often attracted to lights at night, are short-lived and probably do not feed. Females are much larger than the males and are completely larviform. Males may be luminescent, but females and larvae have a series of luminescent organs on trunk segments which emit yellow or green light, and sometimes an additional head organ which emits red light, as in railroad worms. This family is distinct from the fireflies (family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenophengus
''Cenophengus'' is a genus of glowworm beetles in the family Phengodidae. There are at least 30 described species in ''Cenophengus''. Species * '' Cenophengus baios'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2003 * ''Cenophengus brunneus'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Cenophengus ciceroi'' Wittmer, 1981 *'' Cenophengus cuicatlaensis'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008 * ''Cenophengus debilis'' LeConte, 1881 *'' Cenophengus gardunoi'' Vega-Badillo, Morrone & Zaragoza-Caballero, 2021 *''Cenophengus gorhami'' Zaragoza-Callero, 1986 *''Cenophengus hnogamui'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Ríos-Ibarra, 2021 *''Cenophengus howdeni'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1986 *''Cenophengus huatulcoensis'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008 *'' Cenophengus kikapu'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Ríos-Ibarra, 2021 * ''Cenophengus longicollis'' Wittmer, 1976 * '' Cenophengus magnus'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1988 * '' Cenophengus major'' Wittmer, 1976 * ''Cenophengus marmoratus'' Wittmer, 1976 *''Cenophengus mboi'' Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero & Rí ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glowworm
Glowworm or glow-worm is the common name for various groups of insect larvae and adult larviform females that glow through bioluminescence. They include the European common glow-worm and other members of the Lampyridae, but bioluminescence also occurs in the families Elateridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae among beetles; as well as members of the genera Arachnocampa, Keroplatus and Orfelia among keroplatid fungus gnats. Beetles Four families of beetles are bioluminescent. The wingless larviform females and larvae of these bioluminescent species are usually known as "glowworms". Winged males may or may not also exhibit bioluminescence. Their light may be emitted as flashes or as a constant glow, and usually range in colour from green, yellow, to orange. The families are closely related, and are all members of the beetle superfamily, Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that bioluminescence may have a single evolutionary origin among the families Lampyridae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cydistinae
The Cydistinae are a subfamily of phengodid beetles ( Phengodidae). It contains the genera '' Cydistus'' and '' Microcydistus''. The Cydistinae were until recently, '' incertae sedis'' due to their strange morphological characteristics, however molecular phylogenetics have shown them to be members of the Phengodidae. Unlike other Phengogidae, which are found exclusively in the Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ..., Cydistinae are found in western Asia, including Southern and eastern Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Iran, and possibly Syria. The biology of Cydistinae larva and adult females are not known, as only adult males have been described thus far. But, given that all the known larvae and neotenic larva-like females of the closely related Rhagophthalmidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glowworm (4213020277)
Glowworm or glow-worm is the common name for various groups of insect larvae and adult larviform females that glow through bioluminescence. They include the European common glow-worm and other members of the Lampyridae, but bioluminescence also occurs in the families Elateridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae among beetles; as well as members of the genera Arachnocampa, Keroplatus and Orfelia among keroplatid fungus gnats. Beetles Four families of beetles are bioluminescent. The wingless larviform females and larvae of these bioluminescent species are usually known as "glowworms". Winged males may or may not also exhibit bioluminescence. Their light may be emitted as flashes or as a constant glow, and usually range in colour from green, yellow, to orange. The families are closely related, and are all members of the beetle superfamily, Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated that bioluminescence may have a single evolutionary origin among the families Lampyridae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railroad Worm
A railroad worm is a larva or larviform female adult of a beetle of the genus ''Phrixothrix'' in the family Phengodidae, characterized by the possession of two different colors of bioluminescence. It has the appearance of a caterpillar. The eleven pairs of luminescent organs on their second thoracic segment through their ninth abdominal segment can glow yellowish-green, while the pair on their head can glow red; this is due to different luciferases in their bodies, as the reaction substrate, called luciferin, is the same. The "railroad worm" name arises because these glowing spots along the body resemble the windows of train cars internally illuminated in the night. The light emissions are believed to be a warning signal to nocturnal predators of their unpalatability. The term "railroad worm" is also sometimes applied to the apple maggot The apple maggot (''Rhagoletis pomonella''), also known as the railroad worm (but distinct from the '' Phrixothrix'' beetle larva, also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagophthalmidae
The Rhagophthalmidae are a family of beetles within the superfamily Elateroidea. Members of this beetle family have bioluminescent organs on the larvae, and sometimes adults, and are closely related to the Phengodidae (glowworm beetles), though historically they have been often treated as a subfamily of Lampyridae, or as related to that family. Some recent evidence suggested that they were the sister group to the Phengodidae, and somewhat distantly related to Lampyridae, whose sister taxon was Cantharidae, but more reliable genome-based phylogenetics placed (Rhagophthalmidae + Phengodidae) as the sister group to the Lampyridae. Whatever their relationships may be, Rhagophthalmidae are distributed in the Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by th ..., and little is k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lampyridae
The Lampyridae are a family of elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production of light, mainly during twilight, to attract mates. Light production in the Lampyridae is thought to have originated as an honest warning signal that the larvae were distasteful; this was co-opted in evolution as a mating signal in the adults. In a further development, female fireflies of the genus ''Photuris'' mimic the flash pattern of ''Photinus'' species to trap their males as prey. Fireflies are found in temperate and tropical climates. Many live in marshes or in wet, wooded areas where their larvae have abundant sources of food. While all known fireflies glow as larvae, only some species produce light in their adult stage, and the location of the light organ varies among species and between sexes of the same species. Fireflies ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phengodes
''Phengodes'' is a genus of glowworms in the beetle family Phengodidae. There are more than 30 described species in ''Phengodes''. Species These 31 species belong to the genus ''Phengodes'': * '' Phengodes arizonensis'' Wittmer, 1976 * '' Phengodes atezcanus'' Zaragoza, 1980 * '' Phengodes bella'' Barber, 1913 * '' Phengodes bimaculata'' Gorham, 1881 * '' Phengodes bipenniera'' * '' Phengodes bipennifera'' Gorham, 1881 * '' Phengodes bolivari'' Zaragoza-Caballero, 1981 * '' Phengodes brailovskyi'' Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986-30 * '' Phengodes chamelensis'' Zaragoza, 2004-01 * '' Phengodes championi'' Pic, 1927 * '' Phengodes ecuadoriana'' Wittmer, 1988-29 * '' Phengodes fenestrata'' Wittmer, 1976-10 * ''Phengodes frontalis'' LeConte, 1881 * '' Phengodes fusciceps'' LeConte, 1861 * '' Phengodes inflata'' Wittmer, 1976-10 * '' Phengodes insignis'' Bourgeois, 1888 * ''Phengodes insulcata'' Pic, 1925 * ''Phengodes laticollis'' LeConte, 1881 * ''Phengodes leonilae'' Zaragoza & Wittmer, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firefly
The Lampyridae are a family of elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production of light, mainly during twilight, to attract mates. Light production in the Lampyridae is thought to have originated as an honest warning signal that the larvae were distasteful; this was co-opted in evolution as a mating signal in the adults. In a further development, female fireflies of the genus '' Photuris'' mimic the flash pattern of '' Photinus'' species to trap their males as prey. Fireflies are found in temperate and tropical climates. Many live in marshes or in wet, wooded areas where their larvae have abundant sources of food. While all known fireflies glow as larvae, only some species produce light in their adult stage, and the location of the light organ varies among species and between sexes of the same species. Fireflies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus '' Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In a general sense, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves a light-emitting molecule and an enzyme, generally called luciferin and luciferase, respectively. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of the luciferin. In some species, the luciferase requires other cofactors, such as calcium or magnesium ions, and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phengodinae
The Phengodinae are a subfamily of phengodid beetles (Phengodidae). It contains mostly North American species. Genera * '' Microphengodes'' Wittmer, 1976, 2 spp. * ''Phengodes'' Illiger, 1807 ** subgenus '' Phengodella'' Wittmer, 1975, 20 spp. ** subgenus ''Phengodes'' Illiger, 1807, 10 spp. * '' Pseudophengodes'' Pic, 1930, 26 spp. * ''Zarhipis ''Zarhipis'' is a genus of glowworm beetles in the family Phengodidae. There are at least three described species in ''Zarhipis'', all restricted to the western regions of North America. Species These three species belong to the genus ''Zarhipi ...'' LeConte, 1881, 3 spp. References Phengodidae {{beetle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omethidae
Omethidae is a family of Elateroidea sometimes known as the false soldier beetles. They are native to South, Southeast and Eastern Asia and the Americas. Their biology is obscure and their larvae are unknown. They appear to inhabit vegetation in or surrounding forests, and are probably active during the day. Classification and taxonomy There are some 40 species in 11 genera, divided into four subfamilies. Long-lipped beetles (Telegeusinae) were formerly treated as a family Telegeusidae but are most recently treated as a subfamily within Omethidae. According to other recent studies, Phengodidae might possibly include (or be sister taxon to) the telegeusines.Zaragoza-Caballero & Zurita-Garcia (2015) A preliminary study on the phylogeny of the family Phengodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Zootaxa 3947: 527–542. Subfamily Driloniinae *'' Drilonius'' Subfamily Matheteinae *'' Ginglymocladus'' *'' Matheteus'' Subfamily Omethinae *'' Blatchleya'' *'' Malthomethes'' *'' Omethes'' *''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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