Pharyngeal Raphe

	Pharyngeal Raphe The pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the origin and insertion for several of the pharyngeal constrictors (thyropharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle, superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle). Two sides of the pharyngeal wall are joined posteriorly in the midline by the raphe. Superiorly, it attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle The pharyngeal tubercle is a part of the occipital bone of the head and neck. It is located on the lower surface of the basilar part of occipital bone. It is the site of attachment of the pharyngeal raphe. Structure The pharyngeal tubercle i ...; inferiorly, it extends to the level of vertebra C6 where it blends with the posterior wall of the esophagus. External links * * Illustration (#32) Human head and neck {{anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Raphe Raphe (; from Greek ῥαφή, "seam"Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.) has several different meanings in science. In botany and planktology it is commonly used when describing a seam or ridge on diatoms or seeds. In animal anatomy it is used to describe a ridged union of continuous biological tissue. There are several different significant anatomical raphes: * The raphe nucleus is a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem that releases serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act at these nuclei. * The buccal raphe, which is on the cheek and evidence of the fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes * The lingual raphe on the tongue. Obvious physical evidence of the lingual raphe includes the frenulum (also called the frenum), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a skeletal muscle of the neck. It is the thickest of the three outer pharyngeal muscles. It arises from the sides of the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage. It is supplied by the vagus nerve (CN X). It is active during swallowing, and partially during breathing and speech. It may be affected by Zenker's diverticulum. Structure The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is composed of two parts. The first part (and more superior) arises from the thyroid cartilage (thyropharyngeal part), and the second part arises from the cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeal part). * On the ''thyroid cartilage'', it arises from the oblique line on the side of the lamina, from the surface behind this nearly as far as the posterior border and from the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage. * From the ''cricoid cartilage'', it arises in the interval between the cricothyroid muscle in front, and the articular facet for the inferior horn of the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan-shaped muscle located in the neck. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictors. Similarly to the superior and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, the middle pharyngeal constrictor is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus. The middle pharyngeal constrictor is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Structure The middle pharyngeal constrictor arises from the whole length of the upper border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, from the lesser cornu, and from the stylohyoid ligament. The fibers diverge from their origin: the lower ones descend beneath the constrictor inferior, the middle fibers pass transversely, and the upper fibers ascend and overlap the constrictor superior. It is inserted into the posterior median fibrous raphe, blending in the middle line with the muscle of the opposite side. Function As soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle in the pharynx. It is the highest located muscle of the three pharyngeal constrictors. The muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The muscle is divided into four parts: A pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal and a glossopharyngeal part. Origin and insertion The four parts of this muscle arise from: - the lower third of the posterior margin of the medial pterygoid plate and its hamulus (Pterygopharyngeal part) - from the pterygomandibular raphe (Buccopharyngeal part) - from the alveolar process of the mandible above the posterior end of the mylohyoid line (Mylopharyngeal part) - and by a few fibers from the side of the tongue (Glossopharyngeal part) The fibers curve backward to be inserted into the median raphe, being also prolonged by means of an aponeurosis to the pharyngeal spine on the basilar part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pharyngeal Tubercle The pharyngeal tubercle is a part of the occipital bone of the head and neck. It is located on the lower surface of the basilar part of occipital bone. It is the site of attachment of the pharyngeal raphe. Structure The pharyngeal tubercle is located on the lower surface of the basilar part of occipital bone. This about 1 cm anterior to the foramen magnum. Function The pharyngeal tubercle gives attachment to the fibrous raphe of the pharynx, also known as the pharyngeal raphe. This connects with the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. See also * Clivus (anatomy) The clivus (, Latin for "slope"), or Blumenbach clivus, is a bony part of the cranium at the base of the skull. It is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone. It slopes gradually to the anterior part of the basilar occi ... References External links * * Bones of the head and neck {{musculoskeletal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]