|
Phaeogalera
''Phaeogalera'' is a small genus of slender, fleshy bog and swamp-inhabiting mushrooms with large, brownish spores with a germ pore and a hymenium lacking chrysocystidia. ''Phaeogalera'' resemble ''Galerina'' in their habitat, macroscopic appearance, and spore print color, however, their microscopic characteristics (smooth spores with a distinct germ pore and non-tibiiform cystidia) more closely resemble ''Psilocybe''. The type species, ''Phaeogalera stagnina'', has an Arctic-alpine distribution in the Northern Hemisphere extending into the boreal forests and taiga. It grows along the edges of bogs in peaty soils and sometimes amongst ''Sphagnum'' or other mosses. This type species has been classified in ''Galerina'', ''Tubaria'' and ''Psilocybe''. Modern molecular evidence supports the recognition of ''Phaeogalera'' as an independent genus separate from ''Galerina''. The generic name is built upon the antiquated generic name "Galera", now synonymous with ''Galerina'', and with a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeogalera Sphagneti
''Phaeogalera'' is a small genus of slender, fleshy bog and swamp-inhabiting mushrooms with large, brownish spores with a germ pore and a hymenium lacking chrysocystidia. ''Phaeogalera'' resemble ''Galerina'' in their habitat, macroscopic appearance, and spore print color, however, their microscopic characteristics (smooth spores with a distinct germ pore and non-tibiiform cystidia) more closely resemble ''Psilocybe''. The type species, ''Phaeogalera stagnina'', has an Arctic-alpine distribution in the Northern Hemisphere extending into the boreal forests and taiga. It grows along the edges of bogs in peaty soils and sometimes amongst ''Sphagnum'' or other mosses. This type species has been classified in ''Galerina'', ''Tubaria'' and ''Psilocybe''. Modern molecular evidence supports the recognition of ''Phaeogalera'' as an independent genus separate from ''Galerina''. The generic name is built upon the antiquated generic name "Galera", now synonymous with ''Galerina'', and with a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeogalera Stagnina
''Phaeogalera'' is a small genus of slender, fleshy bog and swamp-inhabiting mushrooms with large, brownish spores with a germ pore and a hymenium lacking chrysocystidia. ''Phaeogalera'' resemble ''Galerina'' in their habitat, macroscopic appearance, and spore print color, however, their microscopic characteristics (smooth spores with a distinct germ pore and non-tibiiform cystidia) more closely resemble ''Psilocybe''. The type species, ''Phaeogalera stagnina'', has an Arctic-alpine distribution in the Northern Hemisphere extending into the boreal forests and taiga. It grows along the edges of bogs in peaty soils and sometimes amongst ''Sphagnum'' or other mosses. This type species has been classified in ''Galerina'', ''Tubaria'' and ''Psilocybe''. Modern molecular evidence supports the recognition of ''Phaeogalera'' as an independent genus separate from ''Galerina''. The generic name is built upon the antiquated generic name "Galera", now synonymous with ''Galerina'', and with a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meottomyces
''Meottomyces'' is a small genus of relatively nondescript, fleshy, brown mushrooms related to ''Tubaria''. In older classifications it had been included in ''Pholiota'', ''Phaeogalera'', or '' Hemipholiota''. Modern molecular evidence suggested recognition of a separate genus when sequences of a collection first identified as ''Pholiota oedipus'', now reclassified in ''Meottomyces'', revealed a unique branch. Subsequently, that species was studied by Holec and later as ''Phaeogalera oedipus'' was shown to be distinct from ''Tubaria'' but not the type of ''Phaeogalera'' itself. Additional phylogenetic support was provided by Gitte Petersen and others, who clearly showed a separation from ''Phaeogalera''. The genus was erected by Vizzini, for two species and two varieties, all former members of ''Pholiota ''Pholiota'' is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galerina
''Galerina'' is a genus of small brown-spore saprobic fungi (colloquially often ''mushrooms''), with over 300 species found throughout the world from the far north to remote Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean. The genus is most noted for some extremely poisonous species which are occasionally confused with hallucinogenic species of ''Psilocybe''. Species are typically small and hygrophanous, with a slender and brittle stem. They are often found growing on wood, and when on the ground have a preference for mossy habitats. ''Galerina'' means ''helmet-like''. Taxonomic definition The genus ''Galerina'' is defined as small mushrooms of mycenoid stature, that is, roughly similar in form to ''Mycena'' species: a small conical to bell-shaped cap, and gills attached to a long and slender cartilaginous stem. Species have a pileipellis that is a cutis, and ornamented spores that are brown in deposit, where the spore ornamentation comes from an extra spore covering. Description ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe
''Psilocybe'' ( ) is a genus of gilled mushrooms, growing worldwide, in the family Hymenogastraceae. Most or nearly all species contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Taxonomy Taxonomic history A 2002 study of the molecular phylogeny of the agarics indicated that the genus ''Psilocybe'' as then defined was polyphyletic, falling into two distinct clades that are not directly related to each other. The blue-staining hallucinogenic species constituted one clade and the non-bluing species the other. The previous type species of the genus, ''Psilocybe '' (now Deconica montana), was in the non-bluing clade, but in 2010 the type species was changed to '' P. semilanceata'', a member of the bluing clade. A 2006 molecular phylogenetic study of the Agaricales by Matheny and colleagues, further demonstrated the separation of the bluing and non-bluing clades of ''Psilocybe'' in a larger, strongly supported phylogenetic tree of the Agaricales. ''Psilocybe'' had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiga
Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest has been called the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia), much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaidō). The main tree species, depending on the length of the growing season and summer temperatures, vary across the world. The taiga of North America is mostly spruce, Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpine Tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated alpine climate, harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level, and alpine tundra merges with tundra#Arctic tundra, polar tundra. The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra ecotone, transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as ''Krummholz''. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer. Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate. Geography Alpine tundra occurs at hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's North Pole. Owing to Earth's axial tilt of 23.439281°, winter in the Northern Hemisphere lasts from the December solstice (typically December 21 UTC) to the March equinox (typically March 20 UTC), while summer lasts from the June solstice through to the September equinox (typically on 23 September UTC). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the astronomical year. Within the Northern Hemisphere, oceanic currents can change the weather patterns that affect many factors within the north coast. Such events include El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Trade winds blow from east to west just above the equator. The winds pull surface water with them, creating currents, which flow westward due to the Coriolis e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boreal Forests
Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest has been called the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia), much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaidō). The main tree species, depending on the length of the growing season and summer temperatures, vary across the world. The taiga of North America is mostly spruce, Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubaria
''Tubaria'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tubariaceae. The genus is widely distributed, especially in temperate regions. ''Tubaria'' was originally named as a subgenus of ''Agaricus'' by Worthington George Smith in 1870. Claude Casimir Gillet promoted it to generic status in 1876. The mushrooms produced by species in this genus are small- to medium-sized with caps ranging in color from pale pinkish-brown to reddish-brown, and often with remnants of the partial veil adhering to the margin. Mushrooms fruit on rotting wood, or, less frequently, in the soil. There are no species in the genus that are recommended for consumption. Species , the nomenclatural authority Index Fungorum accepts 72 species of ''Tubaria'': *'' Tubaria abramsii'' Murrill 1917 *'' Tubaria agrocyboides'' Singer 1941 *'' Tubaria alabamensis'' Murrill 1917 *'' Tubaria albostipitata'' D.A.Reid 1972 – United Kingdom *'' Tubaria asperata'' Henn. 1903 *'' Tubaria bellatula'' Herp. 1912 *'' Tubaria bispora'' M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peat
Peat (), also known as turf (), is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs. The peatland ecosystem covers and is the most efficient carbon sink on the planet, because peatland plants capture carbon dioxide (CO2) naturally released from the peat, maintaining an equilibrium. In natural peatlands, the "annual rate of biomass production is greater than the rate of decomposition", but it takes "thousands of years for peatlands to develop the deposits of , which is the average depth of the boreal orthernpeatlands", which store around 415 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon (about 46 times 2019 global CO2 emissions). Globally, peat stores up to 550 Gt of carbon, 42% of all soil carbon, which exceeds the carbon stored in all other vegetation types, including the world's forests, although it covers just 3% of the land's surface. ''Sphagnum'' moss, also called peat moss, is one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Peat")