Peter W. Hall
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Peter W. Hall
Peter Welles Hall (November 9, 1948 – March 11, 2021) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Biography Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Hall began his university education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received a Bachelor of Arts degree before going on to earn a Master of Arts degree in 1974. He earned his Juris Doctor at Cornell Law School in 1977. During his third year of law school, Hall served as President of the Cornell Legal Aid Clinic. After law school, Hall was a law clerk for Judge Albert Coffrin of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont from 1977 to 1978. Hall's legal career prior to joining the federal bench was divided between the United States Attorney's Office and private practice. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for Vermont from 1978 to 1986 before going into private practice. Following George W. Bush's election to the Presidency in 2001, Hall ret ...
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Senior Status
Senior status is a form of semi-retirement for United States federal judges. To qualify, a judge in the Federal judiciary of the United States, federal court system must be at least 65 years old, and the sum of the judge's age and years of service as a federal judge must be at least 80 years. As long as senior judges carry at least a 25 percent caseload or meet other criteria for activity, they remain entitled to maintain a staffed office and chambers, including a secretary and their normal complement of law clerks, and they continue to receive annual cost-of-living increases. Senior judges vacate their seats on the bench, and the President of the United States, president may appoint new full-time judges to fill those seats. Some U.S. states have similar systems for senior judges. State court (United States), State courts with a similar system include Iowa (for judges on the Iowa Court of Appeals), Pennsylvania, and Virginia (for justices of the Virginia Supreme Court). Statuto ...
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Juris Doctor
The Juris Doctor (J.D. or JD), also known as Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D., JD, D.Jur., or DJur), is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. The J.D. is the standard degree obtained to practice law in the United States; unlike in some other jurisdictions, there is no undergraduate law degree in the United States. In the United States, along with Australia, Canada, and some other common law countries, the J.D. is earned by completing law school. It has the academic standing of a professional doctorate (in contrast to a research doctorate) in the United States, – mentions that the J.D. is a “professional doctorate”, in § ‘Data notes’ – describes differences between academic and professional doctorates; contains a statement that the J.D. is a professional doctorate, in § ‘Other references’. where the National Center for Education Statistics discontinued the use of the term "first professional degree" a ...
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Crawford V
Crawford may refer to: Places Canada * Crawford Bay Airport, British Columbia * Crawford Lake Conservation Area, Ontario United Kingdom * Crawford, Lancashire, a small village near Rainford, Merseyside, England * Crawford, South Lanarkshire, a village in Scotland ** Crawford Castle, a medieval fortification * Crawford Castle, an iron-age fortification, at Spetisbury, Dorset, England * Crawford Priory, a country house about 2 miles south west of Cupar, Fife, Scotland United States * Crawford, Alabama (other), several places * Crawford, Colorado * Crawford, Florida * Crawford, Georgia * Crawford, Maine * Crawford, Mississippi * Crawford, Missouri * Crawford, Nebraska * Crawford, New York * Crawford, Ohio * Crawford, Oklahoma * Crawford, Texas * Crawford Notch, a mountain pass in New Hampshire * Crawford County (other), several counties * Crawford Township (other), several townships Elsewhere * Crawford crater, Australia * Crawford, Cape Town, a su ...
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Senior Status
Senior status is a form of semi-retirement for United States federal judges. To qualify, a judge in the Federal judiciary of the United States, federal court system must be at least 65 years old, and the sum of the judge's age and years of service as a federal judge must be at least 80 years. As long as senior judges carry at least a 25 percent caseload or meet other criteria for activity, they remain entitled to maintain a staffed office and chambers, including a secretary and their normal complement of law clerks, and they continue to receive annual cost-of-living increases. Senior judges vacate their seats on the bench, and the President of the United States, president may appoint new full-time judges to fill those seats. Some U.S. states have similar systems for senior judges. State court (United States), State courts with a similar system include Iowa (for judges on the Iowa Court of Appeals), Pennsylvania, and Virginia (for justices of the Virginia Supreme Court). Statuto ...
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108th United States Congress
The 108th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 2003 to January 3, 2005, during the third and fourth years of George W. Bush's presidency. House members were elected in the 2002 general election on November 5, 2002. Senators were elected in three classes in the 1998 general election on November 3, 1998, 2000 general election on November 7, 2000, or 2002 general election on November 5, 2002. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-second Census of the United States in 2000. This is the most recent Congress to have a Democratic Senator from South Carolina, Fritz Hollings, who retired at the end of the Congress. Both chambers had a Republican majority, with the Republicans slightly increasing their edge in the House, and regaining control of the Senate, after party cont ...
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Voice Vote
In parliamentary procedure, a voice vote (from the Latin ''viva voce'', meaning "live voice") or acclamation is a voting method in deliberative assemblies (such as legislatures) in which a group vote is taken on a topic or motion by responding vocally. The voice vote is considered the simplest and quickest of voting methods used by deliberative assemblies. The presiding officer or chair of the assembly will put the question to the assembly, asking first for all those in favor of the motion to indicate so orally ("aye" or "yea"), and then ask second all those opposed to the motion to indicate so verbally ("no" or "nay"). The chair will then make an estimate of the count on each side and state what they believe the result to be. Voice votes have inherent disadvantages and the method has major shortfalls in close contests. The volume of the voices are typically only estimated and not actually measured with sound level meters, giving a chair enough plausible deniability to falsify ...
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Patrick Leahy
Patrick Joseph Leahy (; born March 31, 1940) is an American politician and attorney who is the senior United States senator from Vermont and serves as the president pro tempore of the United States Senate. A member of the Democratic Party, Leahy was first elected in 1974 and is in his eighth term. He is the chair of the Appropriations Committee, and served as president pro tempore from 2012 to 2015 and again since 2021. Upon Representative Don Young's death in March 2022, he became the most senior member of Congress. Leahy is also the last of the Senate's "Watergate Babies"—Democrats first elected to Congress in the wave election of 1974 that followed President Richard Nixon's resignation over the Watergate scandal. , Leahy is one of three members of Congress to have served during Gerald Ford's presidency and one of eight to have served during Jimmy Carter's. The dean of his state's congressional delegation, Leahy is Vermont's longest-serving U.S. senator, as well a ...
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Jim Jeffords
James Merrill Jeffords (May 11, 1934 – August 18, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. senator from Vermont. Sworn into the Senate in 1989, he served as a Republican until 2001, when he left the party to become an independent and began caucusing with the Democrats. Jeffords retired from the Senate in 2007. Prior to serving in the Senate, he served as the U.S. representative for from 1975 to 1989. The son of Olin M. Jeffords, who served as Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court, James Jeffords was born in Rutland, Vermont. He graduated from Yale University, served for three years in the United States Navy, and then attended Harvard Law School, from which he received his degree in 1962. Jeffords practiced law in southern Vermont and became a resident of Shrewsbury, where he was active in local politics and government as a Republican, including serving as chairman of the town's Republican committee. He served one term in the Vermont Senate (19 ...
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107th United States Congress
The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2001 to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Bill Clinton, Clinton Presidency of Bill Clinton, presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush Presidency of George W. Bush, presidency. The apportionment of seats in this United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States Census. The House of Representatives had a Republican Party (United States), Republican majority throughout the session, while the Senate saw multiple switches – having begun with a brief Democratic Party (United States), Democratic majority (the body was split 50–50, and Vice President of the United States, Vice President Al Gore gave Democrats a ''de facto'' majority), then a Republican Party (Unit ...
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President Of The United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the first president, George Washington, took office in 1789. While presidential power has ebbed and flowed over time, the presidency has played an increasingly strong role in American political life since the beginning of the 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. In contemporary times, the president is also looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. As the leader of the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP, the president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power. Article II of the Constitution establ ...
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Assistant United States Attorney
An assistant United States attorney (AUSA) is an official career civil service position in the U.S. Department of Justice composed of lawyers working under the U.S. Attorney of each U.S. federal judicial district. They represent the federal government of the United States in civil and appellate litigation and in federal criminal prosecutions. Assistant U.S. attorneys working in their office's criminal section are often called federal prosecutors. Federal prosecutors are rarely hired directly out of law school as it not considered an entry-level position. Federal prosecutors often have significant trial experience from state courts before entering the U.S. Attorneys Office. In 2008, there were approximately 5,800 assistant United States attorneys employed by the United States Government. they earned a starting base salary of $55,204, which may be significantly adjusted for their local cost of living and increases with years of experience up to a maximum of $176,200. Special Assi ...
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Albert Coffrin
Albert Wheeler Coffrin (December 21, 1919 – January 13, 1993) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont. Education and career Born in Burlington, Vermont, Coffrin received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Middlebury College in 1941 and was a lieutenant in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1942 to 1945. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Cornell Law School in 1947, entering private practice in Burlington from 1947 to 1951. He again served in the Navy during the Korean War, from 1951 to 1952, thereafter returning to private practice in Burlington until 1972. Federal judicial service On May 3, 1972, Coffrin was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Vermont vacated by Judge Bernard Joseph Leddy. Coffrin was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 8, 1972, and received his commission the next day. He served as Chief Judge from 1983 to 198 ...
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