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Person Of Jewish Ethnicity
Person of Jewish ethnicity (russian: Лицо еврейской национальности) is а Russian euphemism that was invented as a supposedly politically correct alternative term for an ethnic Jew. It was invented because the word "Jew" (russian: еврей, yevrey) became pejorative during Soviet antisemitic campaigns.Benedikt Sarnov, ''Our Soviet Newspeak: A Short Encyclopedia of Real Socialism'', Moscow: 2002, (Наш советский новояз. Маленькая энциклопедия реального социализма.), "Persons of Jewish ethnicity", pp. 287–293.Person of Jewish ethnicity Several officially sanctioned antisemitic campaigns took place in the Soviet Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphemism
A euphemism () is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Euphemisms may be used to mask profanity or refer to topics some consider taboo such as disability, sex, excretion, or death in a polite way. Etymology ''Euphemism'' comes from the Greek word () which refers to the use of 'words of good omen'; it is a compound of (), meaning 'good, well', and (), meaning 'prophetic speech; rumour, talk'. '' Eupheme'' is a reference to the female Greek spirit of words of praise and positivity, etc. The term ''euphemism'' itself was used as a euphemism by the ancient Greeks; with the meaning "to keep a holy silence" (speaking well by not speaking at all). Purpose Avoidance Reasons for using euphemisms vary by context and intent. Commonly, euphemisms are used to avoid directly addressing sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphemisms
A euphemism () is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Euphemisms may be used to mask profanity or refer to topics some consider taboo such as disability, sex, excretion, or death in a polite way. Etymology ''Euphemism'' comes from the Greek word () which refers to the use of 'words of good omen'; it is a compound of (), meaning 'good, well', and (), meaning 'prophetic speech; rumour, talk'. '' Eupheme'' is a reference to the female Greek spirit of words of praise and positivity, etc. The term ''euphemism'' itself was used as a euphemism by the ancient Greeks; with the meaning "to keep a holy silence" (speaking well by not speaking at all). Purpose Avoidance Reasons for using euphemisms vary by context and intent. Commonly, euphemisms are used to avoid directly addressing subj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People-first Language
People-first language (PFL), also called person-first language, is a type of linguistic prescription which puts a person before a diagnosis, describing what condition a person "has" rather than asserting what a person "is". It is intended to avoid marginalization or dehumanization (either consciously or subconsciously) when discussing people with a chronic illness or disability. It can be seen as a type of disability etiquette but person-first language can also be more generally applied to any group that would otherwise be defined or mentally categorized by a condition or trait (for example, race, age, or appearance). Person-first language avoids using labels or adjectives to define someone, using terms such as "a person with diabetes" instead of "a diabetic" or "a person with alcoholism" instead of "an alcoholic". The intention is that a person is seen foremost as a person and only secondly as a person with some trait, which does not ''inevitably'' define their essence; it avoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhyd
Zhyd (zhid or żyd) and Zhydovka (zhidovka or żydówka ) are terms for Jewish man and Jewish woman, respectively, in several Slavic languages. Klier, John D. 1982. "Zhid: Biography of a Russian Epithet." ''The Slavonic and East European Review'' 60(1):1-15. . In some of those languages, they are considered pejorative. Russian In modern Russian (russian: жидовка / жид, label=none), it has been an anti-Semitic slur, similar to the word '' yid'', since the mid-19th century. Under the influence of Russian, the terms have also become pejorative in modern Ukrainian ( ua, жидівка / жид, label=none, ''zhydivka'' / ''zhyd'') and were banned by the Soviet authorities in the 1930s. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Jewish Ethnonyms
An ethnonym is the name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (where the name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms or endonyms (self-designation; where the name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). This article does not cover ethnic slurs. List Obsolete Jews were often called (and occasionally called themselves) Palestinians, but after the emergence of Arab Palestinian nationalism and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the term "Palestinians" came to be used almost exclusively for Palestinian Arabs. (See Definitions of Palestinian) See also * Jew (word) * Person of Jewish ethnicity Footnotes *1 Ioudaios, Yehudi, ''Jewish'', a "Judaean", "from the land of Yehuda (Judah, Judea)". *2 Ivri, ''Hebrew'', "one who passes over", a reference to the Biblical patriarch Abraham (or possibly Eber). *3 Israel, "one who has struggled with God", the name given to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Jews In The Soviet Union
The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "For two centuries – wrote Zvi Gitelman – millions of Jews had lived under one entity, the Russian Empire and its successor state the USSR. They had now come under the jurisdiction of fifteen states, some of which had never existed and others that had passed out of existence in 1939." Before the revolutions of 1989 which resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe, a number of these now sovereign countries constituted the component republics of the Soviet Union. Armenia The history of the Jews in Armenia dates back more than 2,000 years. After Eastern Armenia came under Russian rule in the early 19th century, Jews began arriving from Poland and Iran, creating Ashkenazic and Mizrahi communities in Yerevan. More Jews ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Mount Elbrus in Russia, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands, part of which is in Turkey. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is occupied by several independent states, mostly by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians In Russia
Armenians in Russia or Russian Armenians are one of the country's largest ethnic minorities and the largest Armenian diaspora community outside Armenia. The 2010 Russian census recorded 1,182,388 Armenians in the country. Various figures estimate that the ethnic Armenian population in Russia is actually more than 2 million. Armenians populate various regions, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Krasnodar Krai in the North Caucasus and as far as Vladivostok in the East. History Early period There has been an Armenian presence in Russia since the Late Middle Ages, when various artisans, merchants and traders ventured west to the Crimea and the northern Caucasus in order to set up trade ties and conduct commerce. Russian Empire The relationship between Armenians and Russian imperial authorities was complex, shaped as often by parallel interests as competing objectives. Large Armenian communities resided both in the Caucasus and in Russian cities well before the modern era. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgians In Russia
Ethnic Georgians in Russia number 157,803, according to the 2010 Russian Census. Notable Georgians in Russia * Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union * Pyotr Bagrationi, general of the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic War * Nikolai Baratov, Imperial Russian Army general during World War I * Lavrenty Beria, bolshevik and a Soviet politician * Alexander Borodin, composer and chemist * Sergo Ordzhonikidze, bolshevik and a Soviet politician * Keti Topuria, singer * George Balanchine, ballet choreographer * Roman Bagrationi, Imperial Russian Army general * Pavel Tsitsianov, Imperial Russian Army General * Boris Akunin, writer * Marlen Khutsiev, filmmaker best known for his cult films from the 1960s, which include I Am Twenty and July Rain. * Otar Iosseliani, film maker. * Bulat Okudzhava, poet, writer, musician, novelist, and singer-songwriter * Zurab Sotkilava, a Georgian operatic tenor and People's Artist of the USSR recipient. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In Russia
Racism in Russia appears mainly in the form of negative attitudes and actions by some Russians toward non-ethnic Russian citizens, immigrants or tourists. Traditionally Russian racism includes Antisemitism in the Soviet Union, anti-Semitism, anti-Ukrainian sentiment, and Tatarophobia, as well as hostility towards the various peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, East Asia and Africa. According to the United Nations, Russia's Immigration to Russia, immigrant population is the world's third-largest, numbering over 11.6 million. Due to the country's declining population, and the low birth rates and high death rates of ethnic Russians, the Government of Russia, Russian government has tried to increase immigration to the country in the last decade; which has led to millions of migrants flow into Russia from mainly post-Soviet states, many of whom are illegal and remain undocumented. Under serious police pressure, the number of racist acts started to decline in Russia from 2009. In 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). Initially governing the country as part of a collective leadership, he consolidated power to become a dictator by the 1930s. Ideologically adhering to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, he formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are called Stalinism. Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He edited the party's newspaper, ''Pravda'', and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings and protection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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