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People's Court (Bulgaria)
The People's Court ( bg, Народен съд) was a special court of Communist Bulgaria, set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law. The court was established after the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944. The court verdicts started on 1 February 1945, sentencing to death, with no right of appeal, 3 regents, 8 royal advisors, 22 cabinet ministers, 67 MPs from the 24th Ordinary National Assembly of Bulgaria, and 47 generals and senior army officers. Overall, the Court tried 135 cases with 11,122 accused. A total of 9,155 people were sentenced. Of these 2,730 to death, and 1,305 to life sentences. It remains unknown how many executions were carried out. In 1996, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Bulgaria repealed some of the People's Court sentences due to "lack of evidence". With decision 4/1998 the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria declared the People's Court to be unconstitutional. As a consequence its decisions can be repelled without a review being neces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Bulgaria
The People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB; bg, Народна Република България (НРБ), ''Narodna Republika Balgariya, NRB'') was the official name of Bulgaria, when it was a socialist republic from 1946 to 1990, ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) together with its coalition partner, the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union. Bulgaria was closely allied with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, being part of Comecon as well as a member of the Warsaw Pact. The Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II deposed the Kingdom of Bulgaria administration in the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944 which ended the country's alliance with the Axis powers and led to the People's Republic in 1946. The BCP modelled its policies after those of the Soviet Union, transforming the country over the course of a decade from an agrarian peasant society into an industrialized socialist society. In the mid-1950s and after the death of Stalin, the party's hardliners lost i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rusi Rusev
Rusi or RUSI may refer to: Places in Romania * Ruși River, Romania * Ruși, a district in the town of Zlatna, Alba County * Ruși, a village in Bretea Română, Hunedoara County * Ruși, a village in Slimnic, Sibiu County * Ruși, a village in Forăști, Suceava County * Ruși, a village in Puiești, Vaslui People * Alpo Rusi (born 1949), Finnish diplomat * Jukka Rusi (1935–2004), Finnish journalist and spy Other uses * Royal United Services Institute, a British defence and security think tank * Republic of the United States of Indonesia The United States of Indonesia ( nl, Verenigde Staten van Indonesië, id, Republik Indonesia Serikat, abbreviated as RIS), was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies (except ..., a former federal state * ''Rusi'' (film), a 1984 Tamil-language Indian feature film See also * Ruși-Ciutea, a village in Letea Veche Commune, Bacău County, Romania * Rușii-Munți< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Court (Bulgaria)
The People's Court ( bg, Народен съд) was a special court of Communist Bulgaria, set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law. The court was established after the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944. The court verdicts started on 1 February 1945, sentencing to death, with no right of appeal, 3 regents, 8 royal advisors, 22 cabinet ministers, 67 MPs from the 24th Ordinary National Assembly of Bulgaria, and 47 generals and senior army officers. Overall, the Court tried 135 cases with 11,122 accused. A total of 9,155 people were sentenced. Of these 2,730 to death, and 1,305 to life sentences. It remains unknown how many executions were carried out. In 1996, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Bulgaria repealed some of the People's Court sentences due to "lack of evidence". With decision 4/1998 the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria declared the People's Court to be unconstitutional. As a consequence its decisions can be repelled without a review being neces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Camps In Communist Bulgaria
As in other Eastern Bloc states, Communist Bulgaria operated a network of forced labour camps between 1944 and 1989, with particular intensity until 1962. Tens of thousands of prisoners were sent to these institutions, often without trial. Background The Red Army entered Bulgaria in September 1944 and immediately, partisans exacted reprisals. Tens of thousands were executed, including active fascists and members of the political police, but also people who were simply of the non-Communist intelligentsia, members of the professional and bourgeois classes. Merely displeasing a Communist cadre could lead to execution. These massacres were actively encouraged by Georgi Dimitrov, who sent a telegram from Moscow a week after the Soviets' arrival in Sofia calling for the "torching of all signs of Bulgarian jingoism, nationalism, or anti-Communism". On 20 September, the Central Committee called for "anti-Communist resistance" and "counterrevolutionaries" to be exterminated. A People's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)
The Fatherland Front ( bg, Отечествен фронт, ОФ, Otechestven front, OF) was a Bulgarian pro-communist political resistance movement, which began in 1942 during World War II. The Zveno movement, the communist Bulgarian Workers Party, a wing of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party all became part of the OF. The constituent groups of the OF had widely contrasting ideologies and had united only in the face of the pro-German militarist dictatorship in Bulgaria. At the beginning, the members of the OF worked together, without a single dominating group. Professional associations and unions could be members of the front and maintain their organisational independence. However, the Bulgarian Communist Party soon began to dominate. In 1944, after the Soviet Union had declared war on Bulgaria, the OF carried out a coup d'état (9 September 1944) and declared war on Germany and the other Axis powers. The OF government, head ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petar Stoyanov
Petar Stefanov Stojanov ( bg, Петър Стефанов Стоянов ; born 25 May 1952) is a Bulgarian politician who was President of Bulgaria from 1997 to 2002. He was elected as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF). He did not succeed in the next presidential elections and after leaving office refrained from politics for a while, but, later became an MP in 2005 and was Chairman of UDF from 1 October 2005 to 22 May 2007. Biography Stoyanov was born on 25 May 1952, in Plovdiv, Bulgaria.The Honorable Petar Stoyanov , After graduating from secondary school, Stoyanov entered the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhelyu Zhelev
Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev ( bg, Желю Митев Желев; 3 March 1935 – 30 January 2015) was a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who served as the first non-Communist President of Bulgaria from 1990 to 1997. Zhelev was one of the most prominent figures of the 1989 Bulgarian Revolution, which ended the 35 year rule of President Todor Zhivkov. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he was elected as President by the 7th Grand National Assembly. Two years later, he won Bulgaria's first direct presidential elections. He lost his party's nomination for his 1996 reelection campaign after losing a tough primary race to Petar Stoyanov. Biography Early life He was born in 1935 into a modest village family in Veselinovo in north-eastern Bulgaria. He studied philosophy at Sofia University, graduating in 1958 and gaining a PhD in 1974, a remarkable achievement given that he was under a cloud as a dissident, having been expelled from the Communist Party in 1965. After hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asen Sirakov
Asen Sirakov ( bg, Асен Сираков; 2 November 1895 - 30 January 1960) was a Bulgarian Major-General who fought in both World Wars.Везенков, Александър. 9 септември 1944 г.. София, Сиела, 2014. ISBN 978-954-28-1199-2. с. 396. Biography Sirakov was born on 2 November 1895 in the village of Mirkovo, Pirdop Pirdop ( bg, Пирдоп ) is a town located in South-West Bulgaria in Pirdop Municipality of Sofia Province in the southeastern part of the Zlatitsa - Pirdop Valley at 670 m above sea level. It is surrounded by the Balkan Range (also known a ... region. He graduated from the Military School in 1915 and the Military Academy in Sofia in 1928. After the entry of Bulgaria into the First World War, he participated in the war as a platoon and company commander. He was one of the activists of the Military Union from 1930 to 1936 and he took part in the coup d'état on May 19, 1934. Asen Sirakov was a military attache in Budapest fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasil Boydev
Vasil Boydev (Bulgarian: Васил Бойдев; January 1, 1893 – April 23, 1983) was a Bulgarian Lieutenant-General who fought in World War II. Biography Vasil Tenev Boydev was born on January 1, 1893, in the town of Kazanlak. He is the son of Colonel Tenyu Boydev and the older brother of Lieutenant Colonel Anton Boydev. He fought in the Balkan Wars and World War I. On October 6, 1936, he became commander of the Bulgarian Air Force. Over the next nearly five years, he actively contributed to the restoration and improvement of this new type of armed force, which had previously been severely limited under the provisions of the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine. In April-May 1941, the Bulgarian Army did not take part in the Wehrmacht's Balkans Campaign against Greece and Yugoslavia, but was ready to occupy its pre-arranged territorial gains immediately after the capitulation of each country. On August 11, 1941, Boydev replaced General Nikola Mihov at the head of the Fifth Bul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee For State Security (Bulgaria)
The Committee for State Security ( bg, Комитет за държавна сигурност, ''Komitet za darzhavna sigurnost''; abbreviated КДС, CSS, KDS), popularly known as State Security (Държавна сигурност, ''Darzhhavna sigurnost''; abbrievated ДС, DS) was the name of the Bulgarian secret service under the People's Republic of Bulgaria during the Cold War, until 1989. State Security was closely allied with its Soviet counterpart, the KGB. Structure * 1st Main Directorateforeign intelligence. Succeeded by the National Intelligence Service in 1990. * 2nd Main Directoratecounterintelligence. Succeeded by the National Security Service. * 3rd Directoratemilitary counterintelligence * 4th Directorate surveillance * 5th Directorategovernment security and protection. Succeeded by the National Protection Service. * 6th Directoratepolitical police. Succeeded by the Main Service for Combating Organized Crime. It had the following departments: ** 1st Departm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikola Mushanov
Nikola Stoykov Mushanov ( bg, Никола Стойков Мушанов) (12 April 1872 in Dryanovo – 10 May 1951) was a Bulgarian liberal politician who served as Prime Minister and leader of the Democratic Party. He later became noted for vigorous opposition to the growth of anti-Semitism in the country during the Second World War. Prime Minister Mushanov studied and worked in law before embarking on a career in politics. He was first elected to the Sabranie in 1902.Marshall Lee Miller, ''Bulgaria During the Second World War'', Stanford University Press, 1975, p. 205 After a career as a minister in a number of governments, Mushanov came to power on 12 October 1931 following the decision of Aleksandar Malinov to step down due to ill health. His greatest policy success came in 1932 when he managed to bring an end to the war reparations that Bulgaria had been forced to pay. Despite this, the economy remained in a poor state, whilst his policy aims of working with Kemal Atat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Muraviev
Konstantin Vladov Muraviev ( bg, Константин Владов Муравиев) (5 March 1893, Pazardzhik – 31 January 1965) was a leading member of the Agrarian People's Union who briefly served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria near the end of Bulgaria's involvement in the Second World War on the side of Germany. Muraviev was educated at Robert College of Istanbul, just like Todor Ivanchov, Konstantin Stoilov and many other Bulgarians were at the time. Early career The nephew of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, he was appointed Minister of War under his uncle when aged only 29, although he proved unsuccessful in the post, with his refusal to acknowledge threats of a coup a major factor in the collapse of Stamboliyski's government in 1923. He would hold several other cabinet posts in coalition governments between 1931 and 1934 and his assured performances in these role rehabilitated his political reputation.Marshall Lee Miller, ''Bulgaria During the Second World War'', Stanford U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
