Penck Trough
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Penck Trough
Penck Trough (german: Penckmulde) is a broad ice-filled valley trending southwest to northeast, for about between Borg Massif and the northeast part of Kirwan Escarpment, in Queen Maud Land. It was discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for German geographer Albrecht Penck. Maps of the German Antarctic Expedition incorrectly represent this feature with a north-south axis, but it was accurately mapped by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver. Isbrynet Hill is a rock hill southwest of Penck Ledge, rising above the ice slopes at the west side of the head of Penck Trough. Its name means "the ice rim". See also *Midbresrabben Hill, rock hill protruding above the ice between Penck Trough and Jutulstraumen Glacier Jutulstraumen Glacier is a large glacier in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, about long, draining northward to the Fimbul Ice Shelf between ...
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Valley
A valley is an elongated low area often running between Hill, hills or Mountain, mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacier, glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas. At lower latitudes and altitudes, these glaciation, glacially formed valleys may have been created or enlarged during ice ages but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In desert areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In karst, areas of limestone bedrock, dry valleys may also result from drainage now taking place cave, underground rather than at the surface. Rift valleys arise principally from tectonics, earth movements, rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms th ...
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Borg Massif
Borg Massif is a mountain massif, about long and with summits above , situated along the northwest side of the Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. The tallest peak, at , is Hogsaetet Mountain. The parallel, ice-filled Raudberg Valley and Frostlendet Valley trend northeastward through the massif, dividing its summits into three rough groups: Discovery and naming The feature was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Captain Alfred Ritscher, but was not correctly shown on the maps by the expedition. It was mapped in detail by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver. It was remapped by air photos taken by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1958–1959). They named it "Borgmassivet" (the castle massif) in association with Borg Mountain, its most prominent feature. Features *Located at the nor ...
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Kirwan Escarpment
The Kirwan Escarpment ( no, Kirwanveggen) is a prominent northwest-facing escarpment which lies south of the Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The escarpment is featured by moderate-height cliffs and prominent rock spurs interspersed with glaciers and steep ice slopes and trends northeast–southwest for about . At least the northern end of this feature (Neumayer Cliffs) was included in the aerial photography of the general area by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), but the maps resulting from that expedition do not portray the escarpment properly. The escarpment was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos (1958–59) and named for Laurence P. Kirwan, Director of the Royal Geographical Society The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), often shortened to RGS, is a learned society and professional body for geography based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical ...
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Queen Maud Land
Queen Maud Land ( no, Dronning Maud Land) is a roughly region of Antarctica claimed by Norway as a dependent territory. It borders the claimed British Antarctic Territory 20° west and the Australian Antarctic Territory 45° east. In addition, a small unclaimed area from 1939 was annexed in June 2015. Positioned in East Antarctica, it makes out about one-fifth of the continent, and is named after the Norwegian queen Maud of Wales (1869–1938). In 1930, the Norwegian Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen was the first person known to have set foot in the territory. On 14 January 1939, the territory was claimed by Norway. On 23 June 1961, Queen Maud Land became part of the Antarctic Treaty System, making it a demilitarised zone. It is one of two Antarctic claims made by Norway, the other being Peter I Island. They are administered by the Polar Affairs Department of the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security in Oslo. Most of the territory is covered by the east Antarctic ic ...
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Third German Antarctic Expedition
New Swabia (Norwegian and german: Neuschwabenland) was a disputed Antarctic claim by Nazi Germany within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land and is now a cartographic name sometimes given to an area of Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W in Queen Maud Land. New Swabia was explored by Germany in early 1939 and named after that expedition's ship, , itself named after the German region of Swabia.McGonigal, David, Antarctica', frances lincoln ltd, 2009, , p. 367 Background Like many other countries, Germany sent expeditions to the Antarctic region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of which were scientific. The late 19th century expeditions to the Southern Ocean, South Georgia, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Crozet Islands were astronomical, meteorological, and hydrological, mostly in close collaboration with scientific teams from other countries. As the 19th century ended, Germany began to focus on Antarctica. The first German expedition to Antarctica ...
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Alfred Ritscher
Alfred Ritscher (23 May 1879 in Bad Lauterberg – 30 March 1963 in Hamburg) was a German polar explorer. A ''Kapitän zur See'' in the ''Kriegsmarine'', he led the third German Antarctic Expedition in 1938–39, which mapped the New Swabia (german: Neuschwabenland) territories of Queen Maud Land. Ritscher PeakUSGS Geographic Names Information SystemUSGS GNIS: Ritscher Peak/ref> and Ritscher UplandUSGS Geographic Names Information SystemUSGS GNIS: Ritscher Upland/ref> there are named for him. Biography In 1897 Alfred Ritscher made his first trip as a cabin boy on the Bremen ship "Emily". In 1903 he passed his helmsman exams and earned his master's certificate in 1907. At the beginning of 1912, Ritscher gained a place in the newly created Seehandbuchwerk of the Navy Office. Ritscher was skipper of the "German Arctic Expedition" of 1912–1913, under the command of Herbert Schröder-Stranz, which departed from Tromsø in the motor vessel ''Herzog Ernst'' for a preliminary rec ...
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Albrecht Penck
Albrecht Penck (25 September 1858 – 7 March 1945) was a German geographer and geologist and the father of Walther Penck. Biography Born in Reudnitz near Leipzig, Penck became a university professor in Vienna, Austria, from 1885 to 1906, and in Berlin from 1906 to 1927. There he was also the director of the Institute and Museum for Oceanography by 1918. He dedicated himself to geomorphology and climatology, and he raised the international profile of the Vienna school of physical geography. With Eduard Brückner, he coauthored ''Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter'', a work in which the two scientists identified the four ice ages of the European Pleistocene ( Gunz, Mindel, Riss, Würm); these being named after the river valleys that were the first indication of each glaciation. In 1886, he married the sister of the successful Bavarian regional writer Ludwig Ganghofer. In 1945, Penck died in Prague. In Vienna, he taught the Polish geographer Eugeniusz Romer and Ukrainian geographe ...
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John Schjelderup Giæver
John Schjelderup Giæver (31 December 1901 – 9 November 1970) was a Norwegian author and polar researcher. Jónsbú Station in NE Greenland was named after him. Personal life He was born in Tromsø in Troms, Norway. He was the son of lawyer John Schjelderup Giæver (1864–1914) and his wife Thyra Høegh (1879–1954). He was the great-great-great-grandson of Jens Holmboe. John Schjelderup Giæver married Oddbjørg Jacobsen in March 1940 and they had a son in April the same year. However, the marriage was dissolved. Giæver married Anna Margrethe Gløersen in 1948; this time they had a daughter, born 1954. Career He took his secondary education in Trondheim in 1920, and then moved back to Tromsø. He started a newspaper career, as sub-editor of '' Tromsø Stiftstidende'' from 1921 to 1922. He was editor-in-chief in ''Vesteraalens Avis'' from 1922 to 1928 and ''Tromsø Stiftstidende'' from 1928 to 1929. He lived as a trapper in north-eastern Greenland from 1929 to ...
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Penck Ledge
Penck Ledge () is a mainly ice-covered ledge at the west side of the head of Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver John Schjelderup Giæver (31 December 1901 – 9 November 1970) was a Norwegian author and polar researcher. Jónsbú Station in NE Greenland was named after him. Personal life He was born in Tromsø in Troms, Norway. He was the son of lawy ..., and additional air photos (1958–59), and named in association with Penck Trough. Rock formations of Queen Maud Land Princess Martha Coast {{PrincessMarthaCoast-geo-stub ...
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Midbresrabben Hill
Midbresrabben Hill () is an isolated rock hill protruding above the ice between Penck Trough and Jutulstraumen Glacier, east of the Borg Massif Borg Massif is a mountain massif, about long and with summits above , situated along the northwest side of the Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. The tallest peak, at , is Hogsaetet Mountain. The parallel, ice-filled Raudberg V ... in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named "Midbresrabben" (the mid-glacier ridge). References External links * Hills of Queen Maud Land Princess Martha Coast {{PrincessMarthaCoast-geo-stub ...
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Jutulstraumen Glacier
Jutulstraumen Glacier is a large glacier in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, about long, draining northward to the Fimbul Ice Shelf between the Kirwan Escarpment, Borg Massif and Ahlmann Ridge on the west and the Sverdrup Mountains on the east. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Jutulstraumen (the giant's stream). More specifically jutulen are troll-like figures from Norwegian folk tales. The ice stream reaches speeds of around 4 metres per day near the coast where it is heavily crevassed. See also * List of glaciers in the Antarctic * List of Antarctic ice streams This is a list of Antarctic ice streams. A complete list of Antarctic ice streams is not available. Names and locations of Antarctic ice features, including those listed below, can be found in the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research The ... ...
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