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Pelophryne
''Pelophryne'', commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that ''Pelophryne'' is the sister taxon of '' Ansonia''. Description and ecology ''Pelophryne'' are small, semi-arboreal toads. They can easily be recognized by the peculiar, fleshy web of their fingers and toes. The genus can be divided into two groups: one with rounded but not expanded finger tips, and the other with the tips of the fingers expanded into truncate discs. This morphological division is supported by molecular data. Where two ''Pelophryne'' species coexist, one species is small (<) and the other one is larger, about in snout–vent length. This is suggestive of resource partitioning. The |
Pelophryne
''Pelophryne'', commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that ''Pelophryne'' is the sister taxon of '' Ansonia''. Description and ecology ''Pelophryne'' are small, semi-arboreal toads. They can easily be recognized by the peculiar, fleshy web of their fingers and toes. The genus can be divided into two groups: one with rounded but not expanded finger tips, and the other with the tips of the fingers expanded into truncate discs. This morphological division is supported by molecular data. Where two ''Pelophryne'' species coexist, one species is small (<) and the other one is larger, about in snout–vent length. This is suggestive of resource partitioning. The |
Pelophryne Misera
''Pelophryne misera'', the black flathead toad or Kinabalu dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak ( Malaysia), although its distribution is likely to be broader and might extend to Kalimantan ( Indonesia). It was first described from specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu. Palawan toadlet ''Pelophryne albotaeniata'' from Palawan, the Philippines, is morphologically similar to ''Pelophryne misera'' and might be its subspecies. Description ''Pelophryne misera'' are small, stout toads. Males measure and females in snout–vent length. Colouration is dark brown, with blackish markings on the head, back, and flanks. The snout is blunt and has truncated vertical profile. The skin has warts. Hands and feet have fleshy webbing, reaching the tips of the first three fingers in the hands. ''Pelophryne misera'' are sexually dimorphic: males have a median subgular vocal sac, a row of yell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Brevipes
''Pelophryne brevipes'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and found on the islands of Mindanao and Basilan. Records from elsewhere in Southeast Asia (as in IUCN (2004)) refer to '' Pelophryne signata'' or possibly other species. Common names Southeast Asian toadlet and Zamboanga flathead toad have been coined for it. Description Adult males measure about and adult females about in snout–vent length. The finger discs are expanded but truncate. Males have mandibular spines. The male advertisement call is a soft "beep". Habitat and conservation ''Pelophryne brevipes'' occurs on the surfaces of shrubs and understory trees near running water. It appears to tolerate some degree of forest disturbance and has been found on ornamental plants around buildings on forest edges. ''Pelophryne brevipes'' has been assessed as of " least concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but this assessment assumes that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Penrissenensis
''Pelophryne penrissenensis'', also known as Penrissen dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from in Sarawak ( East Malaysia), its type locality that also gave this species its specific name. Its actual range might be wider and extend into nearby Kalimantan (Indonesia). It is the sister taxon of '' Pelophryne signata''. Description Two adult males in the type series measure and a single adult female in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is moderately slender. The snout is truncate. The tympanum is visible, oval in shape. The forelimbs are thin and long; the hindlimbs are slender and moderately long. Both the fingers and toes have fleshy webbing characteristic to all ''Pelophryne''. The finger and toe tips bear small discs. Skin is dorsally and laterally scattered with tubercles of various sizes. Colouration is clay brown, with darker spots. There is a dark brown interorbital triangle and a dark brown tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Api
''Pelophryne api'', also known as Api dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Sarawak (where its type locality, Mount Api, is located) and from Simpang Kuda in Bau District, western Sarawak. Its genetic divergence from '' Pelophryne guentheri'' is relatively low and these species could be conspecific. Description Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is slender. The snout is truncate in dorsal view and obliquely projecting in vertical profile. The tympanum is distinct. The fingers are slender and bear small terminal discs, as do the toe tips. Both fingers and toes have fleshy webbing. Coloration is largely black both dorsally and ventrally. There are some pale markings. The dorsum is covered with small, rounded tubercles. Habitat and conservation ''Pelophryne api'' occurs in primary lowland and montane rainforest in limestone ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Saravacensis
''Pelophryne saravacensis'', also known as Sarawak dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Sarawak ( East Malaysia); there are records from at least four localities representing three different divisions ( Bintulu, Miri, and Kapit). Description Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is slender. The head is as wide as the body. The snout is truncate with a median projection. The tympanum is visible, oval in shape. Both the fingers and toes have fleshy webbing. The finger and toe tips bear discs (the latter being smaller than the former). The dorsum and flanks bear large, round tubercles. The belly is coarsely granular. Preserved specimens have sandy brown to pale tan dorsal coloration. There is a backward pointing dark interorbital triangle, and in some individuals, a faint dark triangle or trapezoid in the lumbar region. The ventral surfaces are dark brown with sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Ingeri
''Pelophryne ingeri'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, the Tioman Island (Malaysia), Sumatra (Indonesia), and possibly the Natuna and Mentawai Islands (Indonesia). In the past it has been confused with '' Pelophryne signata'' and '' P. brevipes''. Etymology ''Pelophryne ingeri'' is dedicated to the late Robert F. Inger, an American herpetologist who was Emeritus Curator at the Field Museum of Natural History, for his "great contributions to Southeast Asian herpetology, including taxonomy of ''Pelophryne''". Description The type series consists of two adult males that measure in snout–vent length. A female has been reported to measure in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is slender. The head is depressed, slightly longer than it is wide. The snout is truncate. The tympanum is oval and conspicuous. The forelimbs are thin and long; the hindlimbs are slender and moderately long. The fingers and the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Albotaeniata
The Palawan toadlet or white-striped flathead toad (''Pelophryne albotaeniata'') is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Palawan, the Philippines. ''Pelophryne albotaeniata'' is similar to ''Pelophryne misera'' from Borneo, and it might be subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ... of the latter. Description ''Pelophryne albotaeniata'' is small, moderately slender-bodied bufonid. Males measure and females in snout–vent length. There are no parotoids or cranial crests. Tympanum is distinct. Dorsal skin has irregularly distributed tubercles interspersed with small spinules. The throat is uniform cream. Habitat and conservation The species' natural habitats are montane and lowland forests near streams. It is threatened by habita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Murudensis
''Pelophryne murudensis'', also known as the Murud dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo. Description ''Pelophryne murudensis'' is a comparatively large species within its genus: adult males measure in snout–vent length; females are unknown. The head is wider than it is long. The snout is oblique in lateral view. The tympanum is distinct. Supratympanic fold and parotoid gland are absent. The fingers are short, stout, and extensively webbed. The toes are long and also extensively webbed. The dorsum is predominantly brown. A dusky brown or dark grey-brown preocular stripe runs from the nostrils to the eye, then along postocular region and broadening after the level of tympanum, and continuing along flanks, contrasting with the relatively lighter dorsum. The flanks are cream or greyish-cream. Males have a subgular vocal sac. The male advertisement call is a continuous trill. Habitat and conservation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Linanitensis
''Pelophryne linanitensis'', also known as the Linanit dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Batu Linanit in Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo. Description ''Pelophryne linanitensis'' is a mid-sized species within its genus: adult males measure in snout–vent length; females are unknown. The head is wider than it is long. The snout is vertical in lateral view. The tympanum is distinct. Supratympanic fold and parotoid gland are absent. The fingers are extremely short and stout, and with extensively webbed. The toes are long and almost fully webbed. The dorsum is predominantly brown and bears an indistinct, lighter brown hour-glass pattern. Males have a subgular vocal sac. The male advertisement call consists of a metallic "ping" note that is repeated 4–5 times in a call series. Habitat and conservation The type series was collected from rhododendron forest at the wind-swept summit of Batu Linanit at above sea level. The males wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Lighti
''Pelophryne lighti'', also known as the Mindanao flathead toad or eastern Mindanao dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Description Adults measure in snout–vent length. The tympanum is distinct and relatively large, ½–¾ of the eye diameter. The finger tips are distinctly dilated into truncate discs, whereas the tips of the outer toes are bluntly rounded. The eggs are large relative to the body size, in diameter for a 17.9-mm female, but few in number – the same female had four eggs in one ovary. Distribution and habitat ''Pelophryne lighti'' is known from the provinces of Bohol, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. Its occurs in riverine areas in montane and lowland forests at elevations of above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelophryne Rhopophilius
''Pelophryne rhopophilia'', also known as lowland dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in north-eastern and south-western Sarawak ( Malaysia) and (likely) in adjacent West Kalimantan ( Indonesia). Description Males measure in snout–vent length; females are larger. They have a slender body. The dorsal colour is dark brown with an X-shaped lighter area. There line between the darker dorsal parts and the white or cream-coloured belly is quite sharp. The belly has also black spots. The skin has warts bearing a small keratinized spine; the larger warts may be red. The fingers are truncate and have fleshy webbing. Habitat and conservation Males have been recorded in submontane and montane mossy forests at an elevation of about above sea level. Males call from low shrubs. The eggs are probably deposited in very small rain pools. The known populations occur in well-protected areas, Gunung Mulu National Park and Lanjak Ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |