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Paštrovići
The Paštrovići (, ; it, Pastrouichi, Pastrouicchi) is a historical tribe and region in the Montenegrin Littoral. Paštrovići stretches from the southernmost part of the Bay of Kotor, from the cape of Zavala to Spič. Its historical capital was the island of Sveti Stefan. From 1423 until 1797, with interruptions by the Ottoman Empire. It was part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia from 1815 to 1918, then Yugoslavia, then became part of Montenegro only after World War II. It is historically one of two major "maritime tribes", the other being Grbalj. Etymology The etymology of the name Paštrovići is unclear. Vukmanović says that the name ''Paštrović'' could have been derived from the word ''pastro'', a name which still exists in modern Albanian, being derived from ''pastër'', meaning "clean" in Albanian. Another theory proposes that the name could be related to the Vlach word ''pastor'' or ''paštor'', meaning “shepherd” in Latin. Kaser suggests a possible derivation from Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sveti Stefan
Sveti Stefan ( Montenegrin and Serbian: Свети Стефан, ; lit. "Saint Stephen") is a town in Budva Municipality, on the Adriatic coast of Montenegro, approximately southeast of Budva. The town is known for the Aman Sveti Stefan resort, a 5-star franchise of the international group of Aman Resorts. Sveti Stefan consists of a small island now connected to the mainland by a narrow tombolo and the mainland part, where most ot the residents live Geography The island has a coast line in the central part of Montenegro Adriatic coast line. It is situated to the south of Budva between Pržno and Petrovac na Moru. The pink sandy beaches of Sveti Stefan, Miločer Beach, and Queen's Beach are part of the coastline. The island encompasses an area of . (0.0124 km²) History The earliest record of Sveti Stefan is as the capital of the Paštrovići community, which became a protectorate of the Republic of Venice in 1423, having been independent since the twelfth century. The Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Scutari War
The Second Scutari War ( sr-cyr, Други скадарски рат) was an armed conflict in 1419–1426 between Zeta (1419–1421) and then the Serbian Despotate (1421–1423) on the one side and the Venetian Republic on the other, over Scutari and other former possessions of Zeta captured by Venice. Background The First Scutari War was waged in period 1405–1413 between Balša III and the Venetian Republic. In this war Balša III tried to capture Scutari and its surrounding region which was given to the Venetians by his father Đurađ II Balšić in 1396. Using the anti-Venetian rebellion of the Scutari population, Balša III managed to capture several nearby towns in 1405. The Venetians then convinced Balša's towns Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj to accept their suzerainty. After several years of battles and negotiations the war was ended in 1412 with treaty which obliged Balša III and Venice to return everything to the pre-war situation. Both parties were unsatisfied with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak Of Scutari
The Sanjak of Scutari or Sanjak of Shkodra ( sq, Sanxhaku i Shkodrës; sr, Скадарски санџак; tr, İskenderiye Sancağı or ''İşkodra Sancağı'') was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottoman Empire acquired Shkodra after the siege of Shkodra in 1478–9. It was part of the Eyalet of Rumelia until 1867, when it became a part, together with the Sanjak of Skopje, of the newly established Scutari Vilayet. In 1912 and the beginning of 1913 it was occupied by members of the Balkan League during the First Balkan War. In 1914 the territory of Sanjak of Scutari became a part of the Principality of Albania, established on the basis of the peace contract signed during the London Conference in 1913. History Background and formation With short interruptions, the territory of northern Albania, including what would become the Sanjak of Scutari, belonged to the Serbian medieval states for many centuries. After the fall of the Ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Dušan
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Урош IV Душан, ), known as Dušan the Mighty ( sr, / ; circa 1308 – 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Tsar (or Emperor) and autocrat of the Serbs, Greeks (or Romans), Albanians and Bulgarians from 16 April 1346 until his death in 1355. Dušan conquered a large part of southeast Europe, becoming one of the most powerful monarchs of the era. Under Dušan's rule, Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and an Eastern Orthodox multi-ethnic and multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube in the north to the Gulf of Corinth in the south, with its capital in Skopje. He enacted the constitution of the Serbian Empire, known as Dušan's Code, perhaps the most important literary work of medieval Serbia. Dušan promoted the Serbian Church from an archbishopric to a patriarchate, finished the construction of the Visoki Dečani Monastery (now a UNESCO site), and founded the monastery of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crnojević Noble Family
), Courtier (Дворски достојанственик, Челник), Knight (Витез), Baron ( it, Baronez), Duke (Војвода), Lord (Господар), Captain (Kaпetaн), Governor-General (''Bey'', Бeг) , founded =before 1326, by Đuraš , final ruler = Đurađ V (1515) , dissolution =1530 The Crnojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Црнојевићи, Crnojevići / Црнојевићи) was a medieval Serbian noble family that held ''Zeta'', or parts of it; a region north of Lake Skadar corresponding to southern Montenegro and northern Albania, from 1326 to 1362, then 1403 until 1515. Its progenitor Đuraš Ilijić was the ''head'' of ''Upper Zeta'' in the Medieval Kingdom of Serbia and Empire (r. 1326–1362†), under Stefan Dečanski, Dušan the Mighty and Stefan Uroš V. Đuraš was killed in 1362 by the Balšić family, the holders of ''Lower Zeta'' (since 1360); Zeta was in the hands of the Balšići under nominal Imperial rule until 1421, when Serbian Despot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grbalj
Grbalj ( sr-Cyrl, Грбаљ), denotes a historic, rural region, as well as a tribe of the Montenegrin littoral, and a parish located between town of Budva and the Luštica peninsula, Bay of Kotor in coastal Montenegro. Most of the region now lies within Kotor Municipality. It is a fertile region defined by the Lovćen Mountain to the east, and terminating at the low western hills overlooking the Adriatic sea to its west. Etymology Grbalj was derived from Gripuli or Grupuli, a derivation of Acruvium, the ancient Roman city located in this vicinity (considered most likely at present-day Kotor, Montenegro). Geography The east side of the field, collectively referred to as Upper Grbalj, encompasses ten settlements. Lower Grbalj consists of all settlements at the western edge of the field. Bigova, located within a cove of the same name, is the only settlement situated on the coast. Upper and Lower Grbalj are divided by two creeks. To the south, Kovački Potok ("creek") drains along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanun (Albania)
The Kanun (also aln, Kanû/-ja, other names include sq, doke, zakon, venom, usull, itifatk, adet, sharte, udhë, rrugë) is a set of Albanian traditional customary laws, which has directed all the aspects of the Albanian tribal society.. For at least the last five centuries and until today, Albanian customary laws have been kept alive only orally by the tribal elders. The success in preserving them exclusively through oral systems highlights their universal resilience and provides evidence of their likely ancient origins. Strong pre-Christian motifs mixed with motifs from the Christian era reflect the stratification of the Albanian customary law across various historical ages. Over time, Albanian customary laws have undergone their historical development, they have been changed and supplemented with new norms, in accordance with certain requirements of socio-economic development. '' Besa'' and ''nderi'' (honour) are of major importance in Albanian customary law as the corners ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besa (Albanian Culture)
Besa (pledge of honor) is an Albanian cultural precept, usually translated as "faith" or "oath", that means "to keep the promise" and "word of honor". The concept is synonymous, and, according to Hofmann, Treimer and Schmidt, etymologically related, to the Classical Latin word ''fides'', which in Late Ancient and Medieval Latin took on the Christian meaning of "faith, (religious) belief" today extant in Romance languages (and then also loaned into Albanian, as '' feja''), but which originally had an ethical/juridical scope. The Albanian adjective ''besnik'', derived from besa, means "faithful", "trustworthy", i.e. one who keeps his ''word''. Besnik for men and Besa for women continue to be very popular names among Albanians. ''Besa'' is of prime importance in the Albanian traditional customary law ('' Kanun'') as a cornerstone of personal and social conduct. Cultural concept and institution ''Besa'' is a word in the Albanian language meaning ''pledge of honor''. The concept i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defter
A ''defter'' (plural: ''defterler'') was a type of tax register and land cadastre in the Ottoman Empire. Description The information collected could vary, but ''tahrir defterleri'' typically included details of villages, dwellings, household heads (adult males and widows), ethnicity/religion (because these could affect tax liabilities/exemptions), and land use. The defter-i hakâni was a land registry, also used for tax purposes. Each town had a defter and typically an officiator or someone in an administrative role to determine whether the information should be recorded. The officiator was usually some kind of learned man who had knowledge of state regulations. The defter was used to record family interactions such as marriage and inheritance. These records are useful for historians because such information allows for a more in-depth understanding of land ownership among Ottomans. This is particularly helpful when attempting to study the daily affairs of Ottoman citizens. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ragusan Perpera
The Ragusan perpera ( Croatian: ''Dubrovačka perpera'') or perperoFrederic Chapin Lane. ''Money and Banking in Medieval and Renaissance Venice. Volume I: Coins and Moneys of Account.'' Johns Hopkins, 1985. p. 299. was a type of silver coin issued and used in the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik). It was minted between 1683 and 1803 and depicted the image of Saint Blaise ( Croatian: ''Sveti Vlaho''), the patron of the Republic, on the obverse, carrying a model of the city of Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik) as well as a bishop's crosier in his left hand and giving a blessing with his right one. On both sides of the Saint there were letters (S and B = ''Sanctus Blasius'') and numerical digits that represented year of minting. The obverse carried the edge inscription "PROT(ector)-RÆIP(ublicae)-RHAGVSINÆ". The reverse showed Jesus Christ and inscription "SALVS TVTA". The coins of Ragusan perpera were issued in weights between 3,98 and 6,42 grams as well as in diameters between 26 and 29 mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konavle
Konavle () is a municipality and a small region located southeast of Dubrovnik, Croatia. It is administratively part of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County and the center of the municipality is Cavtat. Demographics The total municipality population was 8,577 people in 2011, split in the following 32 settlements: * Brotnice, population 31 * Cavtat, population 2,153 * Čilipi, population 933 * Drvenik, population 52 * Duba Konavoska, population 63 * Dubravka, population 295 * Dunave, population 155 * Đurinići, population 96 * Gabrili, population 210 * Gruda, population 741 * Jasenice, population 14 * Komaji, population 275 * Kuna Konavoska, population 17 * Lovorno, population 183 * Ljuta, population 194 * Mihanići, population 96 * Mikulići, population 88 * Močići, population 447 * Molunat, population 212 * Palje Brdo, population 130 * Pločice, population 83 * Poljice, population 70 * Popovići, population 236 * Pridvorje, population 236 * Radovčići, populatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petty Nobility
The petty nobility is the lower nobility classes. Finland Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to 13th century and was formed by nobles around their strategic interests. The idea was more capable peasants with leader roles in local community that were given tax exemption for taking care of services like guard duties of local strongholds. Cavalry service was not required from these petty noble families. Later on many of these petty noble families gained full nobility ranking. Finnish ''Vehkalahti'' is particularly noted in literature for as having been an example of such petty nobility (Finnish: ''knaappiaateli''). Germany The Niederer Adel that held legal privileges until 1918 greater than those enjoyed by commoners, but less than those enjoyed by the ''Hochadel,'' were considered part of the lower nobility or ''Niederer Adel''. Most were untitled, only making use of the particle ''von'' in their surnames. Poland The nobility (''szlachta'') of Poland included pett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
