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Paytakaran
Paytakaran ( hy, Փայտակարան, translit=Pʻaytakaran) was the easternmost province ( or ) of the Kingdom of Armenia. The province was located in the area of the lower courses of the Kura and Arax rivers, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. It corresponded to the territory known as Caspiane to Greco-Roman sources ( or in Armenian sources). Today, the area is located in the territory of modern-day southeastern Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. The centre of the province was the town of Paytakaran, after which it was named. Etymology Paytakaran is interpreted as "the land of Pʻayt", applied by Medians to this territory to their north, from Median *''karan''- ("border, region, land", compare with Lankaran). ' is probably the name of a Caspian tribe. also means "wood" in Armenian, although Heinrich Hübschmann and others reject any connection with this word and believe the etymology to be non-Armenian. In the classical Armenian sources, Paytakaran is mentioned as the name of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paytakaran (city)
Paytakaran was the main city of Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Greater Armenia's easternmost province, Paytakaran (also known as Caspiane in Greco-Roman sources and ''Kaspkʻ'' or ''Kazbkʻ'' in Armenian sources). Paytakaran may have been founded by the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacids of Armenia as a royal city. Paytakaran and its namesake province were strategically significant due to their role in protecting the kingdom against invading peoples from north of the Caucasus. The city also served as a royal dungeon. Following the Christianization of Armenia in the early 4th century, the lord of Angeghtun is said to have imprisoned 438 pagan priests in Paytaaran. After the partition of Armenia in 387, the city became a Persian important fortress. In the 6th and 7th centuries because of Caspian sea's levels lowering the water left the city, and soon dried one of the branches of Arax that was flowing by Paytakaran city. The city was left. In the 7th century Arab forces conquered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Armenia (antiquity)
The Kingdom of Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia ( hy, Մեծ Հայք '; la, Armenia Maior), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a monarchy in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into the successive reigns of three royal dynasties: Orontid (331 BC–200 BC), Artaxiad (189 BC–12 AD) and Arsacid (52–428). The root of the kingdom lies in one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia called Armenia (Satrapy of Armenia), which was formed from the territory of the Kingdom of Ararat (860 BC–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Median Empire in 590 BC. The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, which was then incorporated as one of the Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire. Under the Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC), the Armenian throne was divided in two—Armenia Maior and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balasagan
Balāsagān (an Iranian toponym meaning "country of Balas"; Armenian: ''Bałasakan'', Arabic: ''Balāsajān''/''Balāšajān''), also known as Bazgan, was a region located in the area of the Kura and Aras rivers, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. To the south, it bordered Atropatene/Adurbadagan and Gilan. It roughly corresponded to the Armenian province of Paytakaran, albeit extending farther into the north. It has been suggested that under the Sasanians the region extended as far as the stronghold of Derbent, albeit this remains disputed. The heartland of Balasagan was the ''Dasht i-Bałasakan'' ("Balasagan plain") which corresponds to the Mughan plain. During the late Sasanian era, Balasagan was included in the northern quadrant (''kust'') of Adurbadagan. History Pre-Islamic period The region is first attested as a Sasanian province in the SKZ inscription of Shapur I () separately from Caucasian Albania, which indicates that it was its own political entity even if it was virtua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caspiane
Caspiane or Kaspiane ( gr, Κασπιανή, hy, Կասպք ''Kaspkʿ'') was the land populated by the tribe of Caspians, after whom it received its name. Originally a province of the Medes in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC, the land of the Caspians was conquered by the Armenians in the 2nd century BC, then passed to Caucasian Albania under Sassanid Persian suzerainty in the 5th century, and later became an independent state. In the 2nd century AD, it became known as Paytakaran, and after 387 AD became a part of the larger region of Balasakan. It roughly corresponded to the modern Mugan plain and Qaradagh regions. Return to Zion Some biblical scholars had suggested that Kasiphia from the Book of Ezra is Caspiane, due to phonetic resemblance. Ezra, who saw there were not many Levites for recreating the Hebrew worship, asked Iddo, who led the Israelites (it is not specified whether they were from the Northern Kingdom of Israel or the Kingdom of Judah) and Canaanite servants who were ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artsakh (historic Province)
Artsakh ( hy, Արցախ, Artsʻakh, ) was the tenth province (''nahang'') of the Kingdom of Armenia from c. 189 BC until 387 AD, when it was made part of Caucasian Albania, a subject principality of the Sasanian Empire, following the Peace of Acilisene. From the 7th to 9th centuries, it fell under Arab control. In 821, it formed the Armenian principality of Khachen and around the year 1000 was proclaimed the Kingdom of Artsakh, one of the last medieval eastern Armenian kingdoms and principalities to maintain its autonomy following the Turkic invasions of the 11th to 14th centuries. Name Cuneiform inscriptions left by Urartian kings mention a land or lands called "Ardakh/Adakh", "Urdekhe/Urtekhini", and "Atakhuni", which some scholars identify with Artsakh. When speaking about Armenia in his ''Geography'', the classical historian Strabo refers to an Armenian region which he calls "Orchistene", which is also believed to be a rendering of the name Artsakh.Strabo. ''Geography'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utik
Utik ( hy, Ուտիք, also known as Uti, Utiq, or Outi) was a historic province of the Kingdom of Armenia. It was ceded to Caucasian Albania following the partition of Armenia between Sassanid Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire in 387 AD. Most of the region is located within present-day Azerbaijan immediately west of the Kura River, while a part of it lies within the Tavush province of present-day northeastern Armenia. History According to Strabo, in the 2nd century BC, Armenians conquered from the Medes the lands of Syunik and Caspiane, and the lands that lay between them, including Utik,Robert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians," in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Hg.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity, Chicago: 1982, 27-40. that was populated by the people called Utis, after whom it received its name. Modern historians agree that "Utis" were a people of non-Armenian origin, and the modern ethnic group of Udi is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adurbadagan
Adurbadagan (Middle Persian: ''Ādurbādagān/Āδarbāyagān'', Parthian: ''Āturpātākān'') was a Sasanian province located in northern Iran, almost corresponded to the present-day Iranian Azerbaijan. Governed by a ''marzban'' ("margrave"), it functioned as an important frontier (and later religious) region against the neighbouring country of Armenia. The capital of the province was Ganzak. Etymology ''Ādurbādagān'' is the Middle Persian spelling of the Parthian ''Āturpātākān'', which is derived from the name of the former satrap of the area, Atropates (Āturpāt). It is attested in Georgian as ''Adarbadagan'' and in Armenian as ''Atrpatakan''. Geography While Middle Persian texts are vague and incomprehensible about the geography of Adurbadagan, New Persian and Arabic texts are more clear. According to the 9th-century Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbeh, the following cities were part of the province; Ardabil, Bagavan, Balwankirgh, Barza, Barzand, Ghabrawan, Ganzak, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provinces Of The Kingdom Of Armenia (antiquity)
The kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), ancient kingdom of Armenia had 15 provinces.Gérard Dédéyan (dir.), ''Histoire du peuple arménien'', Privat, Toulouse, 2007 , p.43. The provinces were called ''ashkharh'' ( hy, աշխարհ), which means "world" in Armenian language, Armenian. See also *Armenian Highland *Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia *Greater Armenia *Lesser Armenia *Hemşin *Armenian Mesopotamia *Kingdom of Armenia (other) References Literature Hewsen, Robert H.: Armenia: A historical Atlas. The University of Chicago Press. . {{Historical regions of Armenia Geography of Armenia Provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talysh Mountains
Talysh Mountains ( tly, Tolışə Bandon, script=Latn, fa, کوههای تالش, Kuhhâye Tâleš; az, Talış dağları) is a mountain range in far southeastern Azerbaijan and far northwestern Iran within Ardabil Province and Gilan Province. They are a northwestern subrange of the Alborz Mountains that run along the southern Caspian Sea on the Iranian Plateau. Geography The Talysh Mountains extend southeastward from the Lankaran Lowland in southeastern Azerbaijan to the lower part of the Sefid Rud (''White River'') in northwestern Iran. A few peaks rise above 10,000 ft (3,000 m). Geology Geologically, the Talish Mountain Range is made mainly of the Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary deposits with a strip of Paleozoic rocks and a band of Triassic and Jurassic rocks in the southern parts, both in a north-west-southeast direction. Ecology The maximum annual precipitation in the Talysh Mountains is between 1,600 mm to 1,800 mm, which along the Lankaran L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łewond
Łewond (Armenian Ղեւոնդ) or Leontius was a late 8th-century Armenian priest and historian. Very little is known about his life, except that he was an eyewitness to the events he describes after 774. His historical work was commissioned by Sapuh, son of Smbat VII Bagratuni, the presiding prince of Armenia in 761–775, and covers the years 632 to 789. It is an indispensable source for the early history of Arab rule over Armenia; indeed for the years 662–770 his account is the only testimony of note. It also contains important information on the Arab–Byzantine wars of the period. The work includes a letter supposedly sent by the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian () to the Umayyad caliph Umar II Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ( ar, عمر بن عبد العزيز, ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz; 2 November 680 – ), commonly known as Umar II (), was the eighth Umayyad caliph. He made various significant contributions and reforms to the society, and ... () that contains a defenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughan Plain
Mughan plain ( az, Muğan düzü, مغان دوزو; ) is a plain stretching from northwestern Iran to the southern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The highest density of irrigation canals is in the section of the Mughan plain which lies in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is located on the bank of the Aras river extending to Iran. The Mughan plain consists of five cities: Bilehard, Parsabad, Jafarabad, Germi and Aslan Duz. One-third of the plain is located in Iran and the rest is in Azerbaijan. From 1353 to 1372, Garmi was the center of this city. After that, Mughan was divided into three cities, Bileh Savar, Garmi and Parsabad. The soil of this plain is very fertile. History Prehistory Alikomektepe The ancient settlement of Alikomektepe, dating to 5000 BC, is located in the Mughan plain and covers an area of over 1 hectare.Махмудов Ф.Р., Нариманов П.Г., 1974. Поселение Аликемек-тепеси. АО 1973 г. М. (Russian) Early levels b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lankaran Lowland
The Lankaran Lowland ( az, Lənkəran ovalığı, tly, Lankoni çoləriyə, script=Latn) is a narrow strip of lowland in southern Azerbaijan by the Caspian Sea. It is the southward extension of the Kura-Aras Lowland which in itself is an extension of the Aral–Caspian Depression. It is named after the city of Lankaran. Geography It is bounded by the Talysh Mountains southwards and reaches Iran at Astara, Iran, Astara. The plain part of the Hirkan National Park ("Moscow Forest") lies within the Lankaran Lowland. The Moscow Forest is the only preserved part of the Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests which covered most of the lowland, that was later cleared for agriculture. However, there is a reforestation program of the lowland, on a designated non-forested lot which is the only non-cultivated land on the plain, in order to (partially because the Lankaran Lowland is far too valuable for its agricultural productivity for Azerbaijan, to be given up for reforestation) Restoration ecolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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