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Partial Groupoid
In abstract algebra, a partial groupoid (also called halfgroupoid, pargoid, or partial magma) is a set endowed with a partial binary operation. A partial groupoid is a partial algebra. Partial semigroup A partial groupoid (G,\circ) is called a partial semigroup if the following associative law In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. In propositional logic, associativity is a valid rule of replacement for express ... holds: For all x,y,z \in G such that x\circ y\in G and y\circ z\in G, the following two statements hold: # x \circ (y \circ z) \in G if and only if ( x \circ y) \circ z \in G, and # x \circ (y \circ z ) = ( x \circ y) \circ z if x \circ (y \circ z) \in G (and, because of 1., also ( x \circ y) \circ z \in G). References Further reading * Algebraic structures {{algebra-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abstract Algebra
In mathematics, more specifically algebra, abstract algebra or modern algebra is the study of algebraic structures, which are set (mathematics), sets with specific operation (mathematics), operations acting on their elements. Algebraic structures include group (mathematics), groups, ring (mathematics), rings, field (mathematics), fields, module (mathematics), modules, vector spaces, lattice (order), lattices, and algebra over a field, algebras over a field. The term ''abstract algebra'' was coined in the early 20th century to distinguish it from older parts of algebra, and more specifically from elementary algebra, the use of variable (mathematics), variables to represent numbers in computation and reasoning. The abstract perspective on algebra has become so fundamental to advanced mathematics that it is simply called "algebra", while the term "abstract algebra" is seldom used except in mathematical education, pedagogy. Algebraic structures, with their associated homomorphisms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magma (algebra)
In abstract algebra, a magma, binar, or, rarely, groupoid is a basic kind of algebraic structure. Specifically, a magma consists of a Set (mathematics), set equipped with a single binary operation that must be closure (binary operation), closed by definition. No other properties are imposed. History and terminology The term ''groupoid'' was introduced in 1927 by Heinrich Brandt describing his Brandt groupoid. The term was then appropriated by B. A. Hausmann and Øystein Ore (1937) in the sense (of a set with a binary operation) used in this article. In a couple of reviews of subsequent papers in Zentralblatt, Brandt strongly disagreed with this overloading of terminology. The Brandt groupoid is a groupoid in the sense used in category theory, but not in the sense used by Hausmann and Ore. Nevertheless, influential books in semigroup theory, including Alfred Hoblitzelle Clifford, Clifford and G. B. Preston, Preston (1961) and John Mackintosh Howie, Howie (1995) use groupoid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binary Operation
In mathematics, a binary operation or dyadic operation is a rule for combining two elements (called operands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation is an operation of arity two. More specifically, a binary operation on a set is a binary function that maps every pair of elements of the set to an element of the set. Examples include the familiar arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, set operations like union, complement, intersection. Other examples are readily found in different areas of mathematics, such as vector addition, matrix multiplication, and conjugation in groups. A binary function that involves several sets is sometimes also called a ''binary operation''. For example, scalar multiplication of vector spaces takes a scalar and a vector to produce a vector, and scalar product takes two vectors to produce a scalar. Binary operations are the keystone of most structures that are studied in algebra, in parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Algebra
In abstract algebra, a partial algebra is a generalization of universal algebra to partial operation In mathematics, a binary operation or dyadic operation is a rule for combining two elements (called operands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation is an operation of arity two. More specifically, a binary operation o ...s. Example(s) * partial groupoid * field — the multiplicative inversion is the only proper partial operation * effect algebras Structure There is a "Meta Birkhoff Theorem" by Andreka, Nemeti and Sain (1982). References Further reading * * * Algebraic structures {{algebra-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associative Law
In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. In propositional logic, associativity is a valid rule of replacement for expressions in logical proofs. Within an expression containing two or more occurrences in a row of the same associative operator, the order in which the operations are performed does not matter as long as the sequence of the operands is not changed. That is (after rewriting the expression with parentheses and in infix notation if necessary), rearranging the parentheses in such an expression will not change its value. Consider the following equations: \begin (2 + 3) + 4 &= 2 + (3 + 4) = 9 \,\\ 2 \times (3 \times 4) &= (2 \times 3) \times 4 = 24 . \end Even though the parentheses were rearranged on each line, the values of the expressions were not altered. Since this holds true when performing addition and multiplication on any real numbers, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
