Paratrichodorus
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Paratrichodorus
''Paratrichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus
Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide.


Taxonomy

Historically, '' Trichodorus'' formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then ''Trichodorus'' was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi ...
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Paratrichodorus Tunisiensis
''Paratrichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus
Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide.


Taxonomy

Historically, '' Trichodorus'' formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then ''Trichodorus'' was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi ...
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Paratrichodorus Pachydermus
''Paratrichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus
Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide.


Taxonomy

Historically, '' Trichodorus'' formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then ''Trichodorus'' was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi ...
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Paratrichodorus Minor
''Paratrichodorus minor'' is a species of nematode in the family Trichodoridae, the stubby-root nematodes.Crow, W. T''Paratrichodorus minor''.EENY-339. University of Florida, IFAS. 2004. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It damages plants by feeding on the roots and it is a vector of plant viruses. It is a pest of some agricultural crops. Like other stubby-root nematodes, this species is microscopic, reaching up to 0.71 millimeters in length.''Paratrichodorus minor''.
Nemaplex. University of California, Davis.
Its body is rounded at both ends. It has an onchiostyle, a curved, solid stylet which it uses to puncture plant roots. It stabs the plant tissue rapidly, u ...
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Trichodoridae
Trichodoridae (stubby-root nematodes, trichodorids) is a family of terrestrial root feeding nematodes, being one of two that constitute suborder Triplonchida.Phylum Nematoda: Triplochida
Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.

Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors.


Taxonomy

The first trichodorid was described in 1880 (De Man) as ''Dorylaimus primitivus'', and the type genus, ''Trichodorus'' described in 1913 by Cobb, based on ''

Trichodorus
''Trichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus
Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors.


Taxonomy

As originally described by Cobb in 1913, ''Trichodorus'' was the only genus in its family. However, in 1974 the genus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi,SIDDIQI M.R. (1974). Systematics of the genus ''Trichodorus'' Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), with descriptions of three new species. Nematologica, 19 : 259-278. ''Trichodorus'' and ''

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Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ...
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Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with Arthropod, arthropods, Tardigrade, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike platyhelminthe, flatworms, have tubular digestion, digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over ...
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Enoplea
Enoplea (enopleans) is a class, which with the classes SecernenteaTree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002)Nematoda Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008. and Chromadorea make up the phylum Nematoda in current taxonomy. The Enoplea are considered to be a more ancestral group than the Chromadorea, and researchers have referred to its members as the "ancestrally diverged nematodes", compared to the "more recently diverged nematodes" of Chromadorea. Description The Enoplea are distinguished from the Chromadorea by a number of characteristics. The enoplean esophagus is cylindrical or "bottle-shaped", compared to the bulbous chromadorean esophagus. Enopleans have pocket-like amphids, while chromadoreans have amphids shaped like slits, pores, coils, or spirals. An enoplean is smooth or marked with fine lines, while a chromadorean may have rings, projections, or setae. The enoplean excretory system is simple, sometimes made up of a single cell, while chromadoreans have more ...
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Enoplia
The Enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea. Description Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and glandular.Subclass Enoplia.
Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.


Taxonomy

Lorenzen described two orders, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of , a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida ...
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Triplonchida
Triplonchida is an order of terrestrial nematodes, and is one of two orders making up the subclass Enoplia The Enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea. Description Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and gland ....Phylum Nematoda: Triplochida
Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.

Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.


Taxonomy

There are three suborders: *
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Diphtherophorina
Diphtherophorina is a suborder of terrestrial nematodes, being one of three that constitute suborder Triplonchida.Phylum Nematoda: Triplochida
Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.

Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.


Taxonomy

There is a single , the Diphtherophoroidea (formerly Trichodoiroidea (Thorne, 1935)THORNE G, . (1935). Notes on free-living and plant parasitic nematodes, II. Proc. helminth. ...
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Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ...
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