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Parataxical Integration
{{essay-like, date=July 2011 First used by Irish-American psychoanalytic psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan in the 1940s, Parataxical Integration (a combination of terms) refers to the mutual condition of parataxic distortions (another concept of Sullivan’s). Parataxical integration exists when two people, usually intimate with each other (i.e. parents and children, spouses, romantic partners, business associates), are reciprocally reactive to each other’s seductions, judgmental inaccuracies, hostile comments, and manipulations or other "triggering" behaviors. One says or does something causing the other to react, setting off a cyclical "ping-pong", "tit-for-tat", "you-get-me-and-I-get-you-back" oscillation of verbal and/or behavioral reactions. Development The concept first appeared in Sullivan's ''The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry'', published in 1953. It was developed further by his protégé, Lorna Smith Benjamin, in her ''Interpersonal Diagnosis and Treatment of Perso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychoanalytic
PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might be considered an unfortunately abbreviated description, Freud said that anyone who recognizes transference and resistance is a psychoanalyst, even if he comes to conclusions other than his own.… I prefer to think of the analytic situation more broadly, as one in which someone seeking help tries to speak as freely as he can to someone who listens as carefully as he can with the aim of articulating what is going on between them and why. David Rapaport (1967a) once defined the analytic situation as carrying the method of interpersonal relationship to its last consequences." Gill, Merton M. 1999.Psychoanalysis, Part 1: Proposals for the Future" ''The Challenge for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: Solutions for the Future''. New York: American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aaron Esterson
Aaron Esterson (23 September 1923 –15 April 1999) was a British psychiatrist, practising in Glasgow. He was one of the founders of the Philadelphia Association along with R. D. Laing. Born in Glasgow in 1923, Esterson served in the Royal Navy as a wireless operator on a minesweeper during World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin .... After the war, he earned an M.D. from Glasgow University in 1951. He first was a general practitioner, then became a psychiatrist in 1954, after which he practiced in British mental hospitals and psychiatric units. In 1962, he established a private practice as an existential psychoanalyst and family therapist. Bibliography * Laing, R.D. & Esterson, A. (1958) Collusive Function of Pairing in Analytic Groups, British Journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Wilson Schaef
Anne Wilson Schaef (March 22, 1934 – January 19, 2020) was an American clinical psychologist and author. Her book ''When Society Becomes an Addict'', in which she compared Western culture to an active alcoholic, made the ''New York Times'' bestseller list and was nominated for Best Political Book of the Year. Early life and education Anne Wilson Schaef was born on March 22, 1934, in Siloam Springs, Arkansas. She was raised in the traditional Cherokee way by her mother and her great-grandmother, and carried the principles they taught her into her life and her work. Schaef completed her undergraduate degree in Pre-Med/Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis and went on to earn a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Union Institute in Ohio and an honorary doctorate in Human Letters from Kenyon College in Kenyon, Ohio. Career She went on to practice for many years in several different capacities, ranging from school psychologist to consulting for major corporations. For yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melody Beattie
Melody Beattie is an American author of self-help books on codependent relationships. Education and career Born Melody Vaillancourt in Minneapolis, Beattie graduated from high school with honors. She began drinking at age 12, was an alcoholic by age 13, and a drug addict by 18. Beattie published 18 books including ''Codependent No More'', ''Beyond Codependency'', ''The Language of Letting Go'' and ''Make Miracles in Forty Days: Turning What You Have into What You Want'', published in 2010. Several of her books have been published in other languages. Ideas Beattie, along with Janet G. Woititz and Robin Norwood, were popularizers of science, helping to digest and explain the work of psychiatrist Timmen L. Cermak, author of ''Diagnosing and Treating Co-Dependence''. Beattie popularized the concept of codependency in 1986 with ''Codependent No More,'' which sold eight million copies. ''Codependent No More'' was published by the Hazelden Foundation Beattie's early works also ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codependence
In sociology, codependency is a theory that attempts to explain imbalanced relationships where one person enables another person's self-destructive behavior such as addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, irresponsibility, or under-achievement. Definitions of codependency vary, but typically include high self-sacrifice, a focus on others' needs, suppression of one's own emotions, and attempts to control or fix other people's problems. People who self-identify as codependent exhibit low self-esteem, but it is unclear whether this is a cause or an effect of characteristics associated with codependency. Codependency is not limited to married, partnered, or romantic relationships, as co-workers, friends, and family members can be codependent as well. History The term “codependency” most likely developed in Minnesota in the late 1970s from “co-alcoholic”, when alcoholism and other drug dependencies were grouped together as “chemical dependency.” The term is most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reciprocal Reactivity
Reciprocal may refer to: In mathematics * Multiplicative inverse, in mathematics, the number 1/''x'', which multiplied by ''x'' gives the product 1, also known as a ''reciprocal'' * Reciprocal polynomial, a polynomial obtained from another polynomial by reversing its coefficients * Reciprocal rule, a technique in calculus for calculating derivatives of reciprocal functions * Reciprocal spiral, a plane curve * Reciprocal averaging, a statistical technique for aggregating categorical data In science and technology * Reciprocal aircraft heading, 180 degrees (the opposite direction) from a stated heading * Reciprocal lattice, a basis for the dual space of covectors, in crystallography * Reciprocal length, a measurement used in science * Reciprocating engine or piston engine * Reciprocating oscillation in physical wave theory Life sciences and medicine * Hybrid (biology), in genetics, the result of a reciprocal pair of crossings, forming ''reciprocal hybrids'' * Reciprocal altru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Of Origin
Family of origin refers to the early social group a person belongs to in childhood, which is often a person's biological family or an adoptive family. The family of origin is often referred to in contrast to the family of choice independently in adulthood (such as marriage, living independently, etc). Throughout the long process of growing up, people develop fixed thinking habits and attachment patterns. The process of growing up is also a process of recognizing, perceiving, and reflecting on one's family of origin. Psychology As psychological counseling and psychotherapy have gradually become more prevalent, mental health, personal development, and self-actualization have received more attention. The concept of the family of origin provides a new perspective for understanding and dealing with intergenerational relationships and treating the psychological trauma brought about by intimate relationships. Sociology With the rapid urbanization and rising education levels in third wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodger Garrett
Rodger is a surname, and is a variant of Roger as a first name. First name * Rodger Arneil, Scottish rugby union player * Rodger Bain, British former record producer * Rodger Bumpass, American voice actor and actor *Rodger Corser, Australian actor * Rodger Dean Duncan, American author and business consultant * Rodger McFarlane, American gay rights activist * Rodger O. Riney, American CEO, president and founder of Scottrade Inc. *Rodger Saffold, American football player (NFL) * Rodger Smith, Canadian ice hockey player * Rodger Wilton Young (1918–1943), American U.S. Army soldier during World War II, recipient of the Medal of Honor Surname * Alan Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry (born 1944), Scottish judge * George Rodger (1908–1995), British photojournalist ** Peter Rodger, British-American filmmaker, son of George ** Elliot Rodger (1991–2014), grandson of George, British-born American spree killer * Jim Rodger (born 1933), Scottish footballer * N. A. M. Rodger, British nava ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Watzlawick
Paul Watzlawick (July 25, 1921 – March 31, 2007) was an Austrian-American family therapist, psychologist, communication theorist, and philosopher. A theoretician in communication theory and radical constructivism, he commented in the fields of family therapy and general psychotherapy. Watzlawick believed that people create their own suffering in the very act of trying to fix their emotional problems. He was one of the most influential figures at the Mental Research Institute and lived and worked in Palo Alto, California. Early life and education Paul Watzlawick was born in Villach, Austria in 1921, the son of a bank director. After he graduated from high school in 1939, Watzlawick studied philosophy and philology at the Università Ca' Foscari Venice – even though the Faculty of Philosophy was not established before 1969 – and earned a PhD (doctor of philosophy degree) in 1949. He then studied at the Carl Jung, Carl Jung Institute in Zurich, where he received a degree in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions. Those affected often engage in self-harm and other dangerous behaviors, often due to their difficulty with returning their emotional level to a healthy or normal baseline. They may also struggle with a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, and detachment from reality. Symptoms of BPD may be triggered by events considered normal to others. BPD typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations. Substance use disorders, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with BPD. Some 8 to 10% of people affected by the disorder may die by suicide. The disorder is often stigmatized in both the media and the psychiatric field and as a result is often underdiagnosed. The causes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Searles
Harold Frederic Searles (September 1, 1918 – November 18, 2015) was one of the pioneers of psychiatric medicine specializing in psychoanalytic treatments of schizophrenia. Searles had the reputation of being a therapeutic virtuoso with difficult and borderline patients; and of being, in the words of Horacio Etchegoyen, president of the IPA, "not only a great analyst but also a sagacious observer and a creative and careful theoretician". Life Searles was born in 1918 at Hancock, New York, a small village in the Catskill Mountains along the Delaware River, which was the subject of many of his reminiscences in his first book, ''The Nonhuman Environment''. He attended Cornell University and Harvard Medical School before joining the US armed services in World War II, where he served as a captain After the war he continued his psychiatric training at the Chestnut Lodge, a private sanitarium in Rockville, Maryland, from 1949 to 1951, then at the Veterans Administration Mental Hygiene C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
