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Parallel Motion Linkage
In kinematics, the parallel motion linkage is a six-bar mechanical linkage invented by the Scottish engineer James Watt in 1784 for the double-acting Watt steam engine. It allows a rod moving practically straight up and down to transmit motion to a beam moving in an arc, without putting significant sideways strain on the rod. Description In previous engines built by Newcomen and Watt, the piston pulled one end of the walking beam downwards during the power stroke using a chain, and the weight of the pump pulled the other end of the beam downwards during the recovery stroke using a second chain, the alternating forces producing the rocking motion of the beam. In Watt's new double-acting engine, the piston produced power on both the upward and downward strokes, so a chain could not be used to transmit the force to the beam. Watt designed the parallel motion to transmit force in both directions whilst keeping the piston rod very close to vertical. He called it "parallel motion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watts Parallel Motion Linkage
Watts is plural for ''watt'', the unit of power. Watts may also refer to: People *Watts (surname), list of people with the surname Watts Fictional characters *Watts, main character in the film ''Some Kind of Wonderful (film), Some Kind of Wonderful'' *Watts family, six characters in the TV series ''EastEnders'' *Curly Watts, in the ITV soap opera ''Coronation Street'' *Peter Watts (Millennium), Peter Watts, in the TV series ''Millennium'' *Raquel Watts, in the ITV soap opera ''Coronation Street'' *Wade Owen Watts, protagonist in the novel ''Ready Player One'' and its Ready Player One (film), film adaption. Places United Kingdom * Watts Bank, a nature reserve in Berkshire, England. * Watts Hill, Dorset, England. * Watts Mortuary Chapel, Surrey, England * Watts Naval School, Norfolk, England * Watts Warehouse, Manchester, England United States * Watts, Los Angeles, California, a city district ** Watts, California, former city that was supplanted by Watts, Los Angeles ** Watts Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun And Planet Gear
The sun and planet gear is a method of converting reciprocating motion to rotary motion and was used in the first rotative beam engines. It was invented by the Scottish engineer William Murdoch, an employee of Boulton and Watt, but was patented by James Watt in October 1781. It was invented to bypass the patent on the crank, already held by James Pickard. It played an important part in the development of devices for rotation in the Industrial Revolution. Operation The sun and planet gear converted the vertical motion of a beam, driven by a steam engine, into circular motion using a 'planet', a cogwheel fixed at the end of the connecting rod (connected to the beam) of the engine. With the motion of the beam, this revolved around, and turned, the 'sun', a second rotating cog fixed to the drive shaft, thus generating rotary motion. An interesting feature of this arrangement, when compared to that of a simple crank, is that when both sun and planet have the same number of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish Inventions
Scottish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques either partially or entirely invented, innovated, or discovered by a person born in or descended from Scotland. In some cases, an invention's Scottishness is determined by the fact that it came into existence in Scotland (e.g., animal cloning), by non-Scots working in the country. Often, things that are discovered for the first time are also called "inventions" and in many cases there is no clear line between the two. The Scots take enormous pride in the history of Scottish invention and discovery. There are many books devoted solely to the subject, as well as scores of websites listing Scottish inventions and discoveries with varying degrees of science. Even before the Industrial Revolution, Scots have been at the forefront of innovation and discovery across a wide range of spheres. Some of the most significant products of Scottish ingenuity include James Watt's steam engine, improving on that of Thomas N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technical Drawing
Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and Academic discipline, discipline of composing Plan (drawing), drawings that Visual communication, visually communicate how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in Manufacturing, industry and engineering. To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, Perspective (graphical), perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page layout. Together, such Convention (norm), conventions constitute a visual language and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand. Many of the symbols and principles of technical drawing are codified in an international standard called ISO 128. The need for precise communication in the preparation of a functional document distinguishes technical drawing from the expressive drawing of the visual arts. Artistic drawings are subjectively interpreted; their meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beam Engines
Beam may refer to: Streams of particles or energy *Light beam, or beam of light, a directional projection of light energy **Laser beam *Particle beam, a stream of charged or neutral particles **Charged particle beam, a spatially localized group of electrically charged particles ***Cathode ray, or electron beam or e-beam, streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes ***X-ray beam, a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation ** Molecular beam, a beam of particles moving at approximately equal velocities Arts, entertainment and media * Beam (music), a connection line in musical notation * Beam, to transport matter using the Transporter in the ''Star Trek'' fictional universe * Beam (rapper), American hip hop artist * BEAM.TV, an online digital delivery and content management platform * BEAM Channel 31, a Philippines television network * Beam (website), later Mixer, a former video game live streaming platform * BeamNG.drive, an open-world vehicle simulation v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
How Round Is Your Circle
''How Round Is Your Circle? Where Engineering and Mathematics Meet'' is a book on the mathematics of physical objects, for a popular audience. It was written by chemical engineer John Bryant and mathematics educator Chris Sangwin, and published by the Princeton University Press in 2008. Topics The book has 13 chapters, whose topics include: *Lines, the thickness of physically drawn or cut lines, and the problem of testing straightness of physical objects *The construction of physical measuring and calculating devices including rulers, protractors, pantographs, planimeters, integrators, and slide rules *Mechanical linkages, pantographs, four-bar linkages, and the problem of converting rotary to linear motion, solved by the Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage and by Hart's inversor *Geometric dissections, straightedge and compass constructions, angle trisection, and mathematical origami *The catenary and the tractrix, curves formed from physical forces, and their use in bridges and bearin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight Line Mechanism
A straight-line mechanism is a Mechanism (engineering), mechanism that converts any type of rotary or angular motion to perfect or near-perfect straight-line motion, or ''vice-versa''. Straight-line motion is linear motion of definite length or "stroke", every forward stroke being followed by a return stroke, giving reciprocating motion. The first such mechanism, patented in 1784 by James Watt, produced approximate straight-line motion, referred to by Watt as Watt's linkage, parallel motion. Straight-line mechanisms are used in a variety of applications, such as engines, vehicle suspensions, walking robots, and rover wheels. History In the late eighteenth century, before the development of the Planer (metalworking), planer and the milling machine, it was extremely difficult to machine straight, flat surfaces. During that era, much thought was given to the problem of attaining a straight-line motion, as this would allow the flat surfaces to be machined. To find a solution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantograph
A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an identical, enlarged, or miniaturized copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. Using the same principle, different kinds of pantographs are used for other forms of duplication in areas such as sculpting, minting, engraving, and milling. Because of the shape of the original device, a pantograph also refers to a kind of structure that can compress or extend like an accordion, forming a characteristic rhomboidal pattern. This can be found in extension arms for wall-mounted mirrors, temporary fences, pantographic knives, scissor lifts, and other scissor mechanisms such as the pantograph used on electric locomotives and trams. History The ancient Greek engineer Hero of Alexandria described pant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peaucellier–Lipkin Linkage
The Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage (or Peaucellier–Lipkin cell, or Peaucellier–Lipkin inversor), invented in 1864, was the first true planar straight line mechanism – the first planar linkage (mechanical), linkage capable of transforming rotary motion into perfect straight-line motion, and vice versa. It is named after Charles-Nicolas Peaucellier (1832–1913), a French army officer, and Yom Tov Lipman Lipkin (1846–1876), a Lithuanian Jew and son of the famed Rabbi Israel Salanter. Until this invention, no planar method existed of converting exact straight-line motion to circular motion, without reference guideways. In 1864, all power came from steam engines, which had a piston moving in a straight-line up and down a cylinder. This piston needed to keep a good seal with the cylinder in order to retain the driving medium, and not lose energy efficiency due to leaks. The piston does this by remaining perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, retaining its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantograph
A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an identical, enlarged, or miniaturized copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. Using the same principle, different kinds of pantographs are used for other forms of duplication in areas such as sculpting, minting, engraving, and milling. Because of the shape of the original device, a pantograph also refers to a kind of structure that can compress or extend like an accordion, forming a characteristic rhomboidal pattern. This can be found in extension arms for wall-mounted mirrors, temporary fences, pantographic knives, scissor lifts, and other scissor mechanisms such as the pantograph used on electric locomotives and trams. History The ancient Greek engineer Hero of Alexandria described pant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemniscate Of Bernoulli
In geometry, the lemniscate of Bernoulli is a plane curve defined from two given points and , known as foci, at distance from each other as the locus of points so that . The curve has a shape similar to the numeral 8 and to the ∞ symbol. Its name is from , which is Latin for "decorated with hanging ribbons". It is a special case of the Cassini oval and is a rational algebraic curve of degree 4. This lemniscate was first described in 1694 by Jakob Bernoulli as a modification of an ellipse, which is the locus of points for which the sum of the distances to each of two fixed ''focal points'' is a constant. A Cassini oval, by contrast, is the locus of points for which the ''product'' of these distances is constant. In the case where the curve passes through the point midway between the foci, the oval is a lemniscate of Bernoulli. This curve can be obtained as the inverse transform of a hyperbola, with the inversion circle centered at the center of the hyperbola (bisector o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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