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Para Language
Para or Para Naga (autonym: Jejara; also called Bara, Parasar), is an unclassified Naga language of India and Burma. It is not close to other Naga languages which it has been compared to, though Para Naga, Long Phuri Naga, and Makuri Naga may be closest to each other, with Para the most distinct. Barkman (2014) notes that Para Naga could possibly be an Ao or Tangkhulic language. Saul (2005) classifies Para Naga as an Ao language. Para is spoken in 7 villages of Leshi Township, Hkamti District, Sagaing Region Sagaing Region ( my, စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and lon ..., Myanmar. References *Barkman, Tiffany. 2014''A descriptive grammar of Jejara (Para Naga)'' MA thesis, Chiang Mai: Payap University. *Saul, J. D. 2005. ''The Naga of Burma: Their festivals, customs and way of life''. Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para Naga .
The Para people, also known as the Para Naga, are a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group inhabiting mostly in the Naga Self-Administered Zone in Myanmar. They are one of the major Naga peoples of Myanmar and mostly inhabit the area around Lay Shi Township Leshi Township or Layshi Township ( my, လေရှီးမြို့နယ်) is a mountainous References Naga people Ethnic groups in Myanmar {{Ethno-group-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibeto-Burman Languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail. Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. History During the 18th century, several scholars noticed par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ao Languages
The Ao or Central Naga languages are a small family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by various Naga peoples of Nagaland in northeast India. Conventionally classified as "Naga", they are not clearly related to other Naga languages, and are conservatively classified as an independent branch of Sino-Tibetan, pending further research. There are around 607,000 speakers of the languages in total. Coupe (2012)Coupe, Alexander R. 2012. Overcounting numeral systems and their relevance to sub-grouping in the Tibeto-Burman languages of Nagaland. Language and Linguistics / Academica Sinica 13. 193-220. considers the Angami–Pochuri languages to be most closely related to Ao as part of a wider ''Angami–Ao'' group. Languages The following languages are widely accepted as Central Naga languages: * Ao language ** Chungli Ao ** Mongsen Ao * Sangtam ('Thukumi') * Yimkhiungrü ('Yachumi') * Lotha (Lhota) There are also various undescribed Ao varieties including Yacham and Tengsa, which m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangkhulic Languages
The Tangkhulic and Tangkhul languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken mostly in northeastern Manipur, India. Conventionally classified as "Naga," they are not clearly related to other Naga languages, and (with Maringic) are conservatively classified as an independent Tangkhul–Maring branch of Tibeto-Burman, pending further research. The Maringic languages appear to be closely related to the Tangkhulic family, but not part of it. Languages Tangkhulic languages include: * Tangkhul (Indian Tangkhul) * Somra (Burmese Tangkhul) * Akyaung Ari * Kachai * Huishu * Tusom * Suansu The Tangkhulic languages are not particularly close to each other. Brown's "Southern Tangkhul" (= Southern Luhupa?) is a Kuki-Chin rather than Tangkhulic language. It has strong links with the recently discovered Sorbung language, which is also not Tangkhulic despite being spoken by ethnic Tangkhul. some northern villages ( Chingjaroi, Jessami, Soraphung Razai) in Tangkhul area have languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naga Language
The Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of languages under the Kuki-Chin-Naga languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples. Northern Naga languages do not fall within the group, in spite of being spoken by Naga groups; instead, these form part of the Sal languages within Sino-Tibetan, while Southern Naga languages form a branch within Kuki-Chin languages subfamily. Classification Angami-Ao Angami-Pochuri The Angami-Pochuri languages: *Angami: ** Angami ** Chokri (Chakri, Chakhesang) ** Kheza (Chakhesang) **Mao (Sopvoma) ** Poula (Poumai) *Pochuri: ** Pochuri ** Ntenyi (Northern Rengma) **Rengma ** Sümi (Sema) Central Naga (Ao) The Central Naga languages: *Ao language The Ao language is a Naga language spoken by the Ao Naga in Nagaland of northeast India. Ao language cluster ''Ethnologue'' lists the following varieties of Ao. * Mongsen Khari *Changki * Chongli (Chungli) *Dordar (Yacham) *Longla Chongli and M ... ** Chungli Ao ** Mongsen Ao * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: [ˈmjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə]. So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as [mɑːr] or of Burma as [bɜːrmə] by some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad a, broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Long Phuri Naga Language
Long Phuri, or Long Phuri Naga (Amimi Naga, Longpfuri, Longpfuru, Mimi), is an unclassified Naga language of Burma. It is not close to other Naga languages which it has been compared to, though Long Phuri Naga, Makuri Naga, and Para Naga may be closest to each other. Long Phuri is spoken in 6 villages of Leshi Township, Hkamti District, Sagaing Region Sagaing Region ( my, စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and lon ..., Myanmar. References *Barkman, Tiffany. 2014''A descriptive grammar of Jejara (Para Naga)'' MA thesis, Chiang Mai: Payap University. *Language and Social Development Organization (LSDO). 2006. ''A sociolinguistic survey of Makuri, Para, and Long Phuri Naga in Layshi Township, Myanmar''. Unpublished manuscript. Languages of Myanmar Kuki-Chin–Naga languages {{st-lang-stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makuri Naga Language
Makury, or Makury Naga (sometimes spelled Makuri), is a Naga language of India and Myanmar. Shi (2009:3) and Saul (2005:25) suggest that Makury may be an Ao language. Classification Makury is not close to other Naga languages that fall under Konyak- angshangand Angami- Zeme. Makury falls under the proposed Ao- Tangkhul linguistic group of southern Naga languages and is close to Naga languages that fall under said language group. Müvlë ( Longphuri) are a sub-tribe of Makury. In Eastern Nagaland and Myanmar, the Makury, Somra Tangkhul and Para are closer than the other tribes in the north in terms of language (''Makury Tribal Council''). Geographical distribution Makury is spoken in Leshi Township, Homalin Township, and Lahe Township in Hkamti District, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. There are about 40,000 speakers in Myanmar, and about 25,000 in India. Dialects ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leshi Township
Leshi Township or Layshi Township ( my, လေရှီးမြို့နယ်) is a mountainous"Sagaing Division (Upper)" map Myanmar Information Management Unit, Map Id: MIMU270v01, 5 August 2010 located within the of , |
Hkamti District
Prior to 2010, it additionally controlled Lahe, Lay Shi (Lashe), and Nanyun townships, which were transferred under the 2008 Constitution Hkamti District or Khamti District (sometimes Naga Hills District) is a district in northern Sagaing Division of Burma (Myanmar). Its administrative center is the town of Singkaling Hkamti. Townships The district consists of the two townships: * Hkamti Township, and * Homalin Township Homalin Township ( my, ဟုမ္မလင်း မြို့နယ် ) is a township in Hkamti District in the Sagaing Region of Burma. The principal town is Homalin. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region ( my, စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh States to the north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east, Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south, with the Ayeyarwady River forming a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary, and Chin State and India to the west. The region has an area of . In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000 while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population in 2012 was 1,230,000 and the rural population was 5,360,000. The capital city of Sagaing Region is Monywa. Capital city The Capital city of Sagaing Region is Monywa. History The Pyu were the first to in recorded history to populate the area of Sagaing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
