Papilio Filaprae

	Papilio Filaprae ''Papilio filaprae'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Angola and Equatorial Guinea. The species was first described by Ernst Suffert in 1904. Subspecies ''Papilio filaprae filaprae'' (south-eastern Cameroon, Congo, south-western Republic of the Congo, Angola) ''Papilio filaprae musolanus'' (Hancock, 1988) Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ernst Suffert Ernst Suffert ( fl. 1900) was a German entomologist who specialised in studies of Lepidoptera. Ernst Suffert described many new species of African butterflies and moths, including '' Papilio chrapkowskii'', '' Papilio filaprae'', '' Mylothris ertli'' and '' Mylothris schumanni''. His collection was purchased by James John Joicey. Works Suffert, Ernst; & Zocher, H. (1924): Morphologie und Optik der Schmetterlingsschuppen insbesondere die Schillerfarben de Schmetterlinge. ''Z. Morphol. Öekol. Tiere'' 1, pp. 171–308 Suffert, E., 1900 Eine neue Aberration des Danaus dorippus Klug aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. ''Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift'' 45:115-116. Suffert, E., 1904 Neue afrikanisches Tagfalter aus dem Kon. Zool. Museum, Berlin, und meiner Sammlung. ''Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift'', Iris 17:12-107. Suffert, E., 1904 Neue Nymphaliden aus Africa. ''Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift'', Iris 17:108-123. Suffert, E. (1904) Neue Tagfalter aus Deutsch-Ost-A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Glossary Of Entomology Terms This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists. A–C A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its phytotoxicity is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related Dieldrin, Endrin, Isodrin * D–F A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. cf. the related Aldrin, Endrin, Isodrin A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its phytotoxicity is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related Dieldrin, Aldrin, Isodrin G–L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Zenobia ''Papilio zenobia'', the Zenobia swallowtail or Volta swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo and Uganda. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The habitat consists of wetter forest in good to reasonable condition. The larvae feed on ''Piper'' species, including ''Piper umbellatum''. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies of the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhsto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Nobicea ''Papilio nobicea'', the Volta swallowtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Ghana and Togo. The habitat consists of forests in mountainous terrain. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies of the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio gallienus'' Distant, 1879 ''Papilio mechowi'' Dewitz, 1881 ''Papilio mechowianus'' Dewitz, 1885 ''Papilio nobicea'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio zenobia'' Fabricius, 1775 Description ''Papilio nobicea'' is very similar to ''Papilio zenobia ''Papilio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Mechowianus ''Papilio mechowianus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Angola and the Republic of the Congo. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies from the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 '' Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 '' Papilio gallienus'' Distant, 1879 '' Papilio mechowi'' Dewitz, 1881 ''Papilio mechowianus'' Dewitz, 1885 '' Papilio nobicea'' Suffert, 1904 '' Papilio zenobia'' Fabricius, 1775 Description It is very similar to '' Papilio cyproeofila''. It differs from ''P. mechowi'' in having t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Mechowi ''Papilio mechowi'' is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae found in Africa. Subspecies ''Papilio mechowi mechowi'' (Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, Uganda, Republic of the Congo, Angola) ''Papilio mechowi whitnalli'' Neave, 1904 (central and eastern Uganda) Taxonomy ''Papilio mechowi'' is very similar to '' Papilio gallienus'' but males lack the distinct androconial patch of ''gallienus'' and the discal spots of the forewings have sharper edges. The outer edge of the forewing discal band is more curved in ''mechowi''. Both are members of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies of the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Gallienus ''Papilio gallienus'', the narrow-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the central part of the Republic of the Congo. Taxonomy ''Papilio gallienus'' is very similar to ''Papilio mechowi'' but males of ''gallienus'' have a distinct androconial patch and the discal spots of the forewings have diffuse edges. The outer edge of the forewing discal band is straighter in ''gallienus''. Both are members of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 '' Papilio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Fernandus ''Papilio fernandus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Equatorial Guinea. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 ''Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio gallienus'' Distant, 1879 ''Papilio mechowi'' Dewitz, 1881 ''Papilio mechowianus'' Dewitz, 1885 ''Papilio nobicea'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio zenobia'' Fabricius, 1775 Description It is very similar to '' Papilio cyproeofila'' and the very short description of ''P. fernandus'' places it as a local race of ''P. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Cyproeofila ''Papilio cyproeofila'', the common white-banded swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Nigeria. The larvae feed on ''Piper'' species. Subspecies ''Papilio cyproeofila cyproeofila'' (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, western Nigeria) ''Papilio cyproeofila praecyola'' Suffert, 1904 (eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic) Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: ''Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 ''Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Amauris ''Amauris'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies in the Danainae subfamily. ''Amauris niavius niavius'', ''Amauris echeria jacksoni'', and ''Amauris dominicanus'' are mimicked by ''Papilio dardanus'' females. Other mimics of ''Amauris'' are found among other species of ''Papilio'', the nymphaline genus ''Pseudacraea'', and '' Hypolimnas anthedon''. Species * '' Amauris comorana'' – Comoro friar * '' Amauris nossima'' – Madagascan friar * '' Amauris phoedon'' – Mauritian friar * ''Amauris niavius'' – friar * '' Amauris tartarea'' – monk * '' Amauris ellioti'' – Ansorge's Danaid * ''Amauris echeria ''Amauris echeria'', the chief, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa. The wingspan is 55–65 mm for males and 63–70 for females. Adults are on wing year round (with peaks in summer and autumn). The la ...'' * '' Amauris vashti'' * '' Amauris crawshayi'' * '' Amauris damocles'' * '' Amauris hyalites'' * '' Amauris albimaculata'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Species Group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Papilio Filaprae ''Papilio filaprae'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Angola and Equatorial Guinea. The species was first described by Ernst Suffert in 1904. Subspecies ''Papilio filaprae filaprae'' (south-eastern Cameroon, Congo, south-western Republic of the Congo, Angola) ''Papilio filaprae musolanus'' (Hancock, 1988) Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ernst Suffert Ernst Suffert ( fl. 1900) was a German entomologist who specialised in studies of Lepidoptera. Ernst Suffert described many new species of African butterflies and moths, including '' Papilio chrapkowskii'', '' Papilio filaprae'', '' Mylothris ertli'' and '' Mylothris schumanni''. His collection was purchased by James John Joicey. Works Suffert, Ernst; & Zocher, H. (1924): Morphologie und Optik der Schmetterlingsschuppen insbesondere die Schillerfarben de Schmetterlinge. ''Z. Morphol. Öekol. Tiere'' 1, pp. 171–308 Suffert, E., 1900 Eine neue Aberration des Danaus dorippus Klug aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. ''Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift'' 45:115-116. Suffert, E., 1904 Neue afrikanisches Tagfalter aus dem Kon. Zool. Museum, Berlin, und meiner Sammlung. ''Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift'', Iris 17:12-107. Suffert, E., 1904 Neue Nymphaliden aus Africa. ''Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift'', Iris 17:108-123. Suffert, E. (1904) Neue Tagfalter aus Deutsch-Ost-A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Glossary Of Entomology Terms This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists. A–C A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its phytotoxicity is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related Dieldrin, Endrin, Isodrin * D–F A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. cf. the related Aldrin, Endrin, Isodrin A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its phytotoxicity is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related Dieldrin, Aldrin, Isodrin G–L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Zenobia ''Papilio zenobia'', the Zenobia swallowtail or Volta swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo and Uganda. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The habitat consists of wetter forest in good to reasonable condition. The larvae feed on ''Piper'' species, including ''Piper umbellatum''. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies of the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhsto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Nobicea ''Papilio nobicea'', the Volta swallowtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Ghana and Togo. The habitat consists of forests in mountainous terrain. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies of the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio gallienus'' Distant, 1879 ''Papilio mechowi'' Dewitz, 1881 ''Papilio mechowianus'' Dewitz, 1885 ''Papilio nobicea'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio zenobia'' Fabricius, 1775 Description ''Papilio nobicea'' is very similar to ''Papilio zenobia ''Papilio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Mechowianus ''Papilio mechowianus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Angola and the Republic of the Congo. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies from the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 '' Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 '' Papilio gallienus'' Distant, 1879 '' Papilio mechowi'' Dewitz, 1881 ''Papilio mechowianus'' Dewitz, 1885 '' Papilio nobicea'' Suffert, 1904 '' Papilio zenobia'' Fabricius, 1775 Description It is very similar to '' Papilio cyproeofila''. It differs from ''P. mechowi'' in having t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Mechowi ''Papilio mechowi'' is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae found in Africa. Subspecies ''Papilio mechowi mechowi'' (Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, Uganda, Republic of the Congo, Angola) ''Papilio mechowi whitnalli'' Neave, 1904 (central and eastern Uganda) Taxonomy ''Papilio mechowi'' is very similar to '' Papilio gallienus'' but males lack the distinct androconial patch of ''gallienus'' and the discal spots of the forewings have sharper edges. The outer edge of the forewing discal band is more curved in ''mechowi''. Both are members of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble butterflies of the genus ''Amauris''. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Gallienus ''Papilio gallienus'', the narrow-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the central part of the Republic of the Congo. Taxonomy ''Papilio gallienus'' is very similar to ''Papilio mechowi'' but males of ''gallienus'' have a distinct androconial patch and the discal spots of the forewings have diffuse edges. The outer edge of the forewing discal band is straighter in ''gallienus''. Both are members of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 '' Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 '' Papilio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Fernandus ''Papilio fernandus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Equatorial Guinea. Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: '' Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 ''Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papilio filaprae'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio gallienus'' Distant, 1879 ''Papilio mechowi'' Dewitz, 1881 ''Papilio mechowianus'' Dewitz, 1885 ''Papilio nobicea'' Suffert, 1904 ''Papilio zenobia'' Fabricius, 1775 Description It is very similar to '' Papilio cyproeofila'' and the very short description of ''P. fernandus'' places it as a local race of ''P. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papilio Cyproeofila ''Papilio cyproeofila'', the common white-banded swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Nigeria. The larvae feed on ''Piper'' species. Subspecies ''Papilio cyproeofila cyproeofila'' (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, western Nigeria) ''Papilio cyproeofila praecyola'' Suffert, 1904 (eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic) Taxonomy It is a member of the ''zenobia'' species group. In the ''zenobia'' group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area marked with black stripes and spots. In the discal area there is a yellowish band with black stripes and veins. Females resemble ''Amauris'' butterflies. Both sexes lack tails. The clade members are: ''Papilio cyproeofila'' Butler, 1868 ''Papilio fernandus'' Fruhstorfer, 1903 ''Papili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Amauris ''Amauris'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies in the Danainae subfamily. ''Amauris niavius niavius'', ''Amauris echeria jacksoni'', and ''Amauris dominicanus'' are mimicked by ''Papilio dardanus'' females. Other mimics of ''Amauris'' are found among other species of ''Papilio'', the nymphaline genus ''Pseudacraea'', and '' Hypolimnas anthedon''. Species * '' Amauris comorana'' – Comoro friar * '' Amauris nossima'' – Madagascan friar * '' Amauris phoedon'' – Mauritian friar * ''Amauris niavius'' – friar * '' Amauris tartarea'' – monk * '' Amauris ellioti'' – Ansorge's Danaid * ''Amauris echeria ''Amauris echeria'', the chief, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa. The wingspan is 55–65 mm for males and 63–70 for females. Adults are on wing year round (with peaks in summer and autumn). The la ...'' * '' Amauris vashti'' * '' Amauris crawshayi'' * '' Amauris damocles'' * '' Amauris hyalites'' * '' Amauris albimaculata'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Species Group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]