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Papal Diplomatics
Papal diplomatics is the scholarly and critical study (diplomatics) of the authentic documents of the papacy, largely to distinguish them from spurious documents. The study emerges in the Middle Ages and has been further refined in the centuries since. History The authenticity of papal bulls, alongside royal charters and other legal instruments, became a matter of concern in the Middle Ages. The Papal Chancery oversaw control of documents and precautions taken against forgery. Pope Gregory VII refrained even from attaching the usual leaden seal to a bull for fear it should fall into unscrupulous hands and be used for fraudulent purposes, while Pope Innocent III issued instructions with a view to the detection of forgeries. An ecclesiastic of the standing of Lanfranc has been seriously accused of conniving at the fabrication of bulls, and so the need of some system of tests became obvious. But the medieval criticism of documents was not very satisfactory even in the hands of a jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplomatics
Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, protocols and formulae that have been used by document creators, and uses these to increase understanding of the processes of document creation, of information transmission, and of the relationships between the facts which the documents purport to record and reality. The discipline originally evolved as a tool for studying and determining the authenticity of the official charters and diplomas issued by royal and papal chanceries. It was subsequently appreciated that many of the same underlying principles could be applied to other types of official document and legal instrument, to non-official documents such as private letters, and, most recently, to the metadata of electronic records. Diplomatics is one of the auxiliary sciences of hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barthélemy Germon
Barthélemy, or Barthélémy is a French name, a cognate of Bartholomew. Notable people with this name include: Given name * Barthélemy (explorer), French youth who accompanied the explorer de La Salle in 1687 * Barthélémy Bisengimana, Congolese chief of staff to President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire * Barthélemy Boganda (1910–1959), politician and advocate for the independence of Oubangui-Chari, which later became the Central African Republic * Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville (1625–1695), French Orientalist * Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741–1819), French geologist and traveler * Barthélemy Hauréau (Jean-Barthélémy) (1812–1896), French historian and writer * Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin (1796–1864), French social reformer * Barthélémy Thomas Strafforello (1764–1845), French politician. Surname or title * Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy (1821–1904), French archaeologist and numismatist * Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy (1796–186 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léopold Delisle
Leopold may refer to: People * Leopold (given name) * Leopold (surname) Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Leopold (''The Simpsons''), Superintendent Chalmers' assistant on ''The Simpsons'' * Leopold Bloom, the protagonist of James Joyce's ''Ulysses'' * Leopold "Leo" Fitz, a character on the television series ''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'' * Leopold "Butters" Stotch, a character on the television series ''South Park'' * General Leopold von Flockenstuffen, a character in the BBC sitcom Allo 'Allo!'' * Leopold the Cat, Russian cartoon character Other arts, entertainment, and media * Leopold (prize), a biennial German prize for music for children * ''Kate & Leopold'', 2001 romantic comedy film * ''King Leopold's Ghost'', popular history book by Adam Hochschild * "King Leopold's Soliloquy", 1905 pamphlet by Mark Twain. * ''Leopold the Cat'', television series * Léopold Nord & Vous, Belgian musical band Brands and enterprises * Leopold (publisher), a Netherlands- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luigi Gaetano Marini
Luigi Gaetano Marini (18 December 1742 – 7 May 1815) was an Italian natural philosopher, jurist, historian, archaeologist and epigraphist. Biography Marini was born in Sant'Arcangelo (pagus Acerbotanus). Having received a comprehensive preparatory education at the College of San Marino and at the seminary at Rimini, he passed through the legal and philological studies at Bologna University brilliantly and graduated at Ravenna ''in utroque jure'' (in both branches of law). He went to Rome in December 1764, where he gained the friendship of Cardinal Alessandro Albani and Giuseppe Garampi. He entered into relations with the most distinguished scholars of his day and maintained an extensive correspondence with them. In 1772 he was appointed coadjutor to Marino Zampini, prefect of the archives and the Roman Republic gave him the position of prefect of the archives at the Vatican and the Castel Sant'Angelo, as well as that of president of the Vatican Museum and the Vatican Library. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludovico Antonio Muratori
Lodovico Antonio Muratori (21 October 1672 – 23 January 1750) was an Italian historian, notable as a leading scholar of his age, and for his discovery of the Muratorian fragment, the earliest known list of New Testament books. Biography Born to a poor family in Vignola, near Modena, he was first instructed by the Jesuits, studied law, philosophy, and theology at the University of Modena, and was ordained a priest in 1694. The following year, Count Charles Borromeo called him to the college of "Dottori" at the Ambrosian Library in Milan, where he immediately started collecting unedited ancient writings of various kinds. His first publication was the ''Anecdota Latina ex Ambrosianæ Bibliothecæ codicibus'' (2 vols., Milan, 1697–98), followed by two other volumes (Padua, 1713). Duke Rinaldo I (1700) appointed him archivist and librarian in Modena's Ducal library, which position he held until his death in that city. In 1716 Muratori became, in addition, provost of Santa Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Scipione, Marchese Di Maffei
Francesco Scipione Maffei (; 1 June 1675 – 11 February 1755) was a Italian writer and art critic, author of many articles and plays. An antiquarian with a humanist education whose publications on Etruscan antiquities stand as incunables of Etruscology, he engaged in running skirmishes in print with his rival in the field of antiquities, Antonio Francesco Gori. Early career Maffei was of the illustrious family that originated in Bologna; his brother was General Alessandro Maffei, whose memoirs he edited and published. He studied for five years in Parma, at the Jesuit College, and afterwards, from 1698, at Rome, where he became a member of the Accademia degli Arcadi; on his return to Verona he established a local ''Arcadia''. In 1703, he volunteered to fight for Bavaria in the War of Spanish Succession, and saw action in 1704 at the Battle of Schellenberg, near Donauwörth. His brother, Alessandro, was second in command at the battle. In 1709, he went to Padua, where he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Jean De Vaines
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King of France and King consort of Scots (), known as the husband of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * François-Marie Arouet (better known as Voltaire; 1694–1778), French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher *François Aubry (other), several people *François Baby (other), several people * François Beauchemin (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player for the Anaheim Duck *François Blanc (1806–1877), French entrepreneur and operator of casinos *François Boucher (other), several people *François Caron (other), several people * François Cevert (1944–1973), French racing driver * François Chau (born 1959), Cambodian American actor * F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dom Tassin
Dom or DOM may refer to: People and fictional characters * Dom (given name), including fictional characters * Dom (surname) * Dom La Nena (born 1989), stage name of Brazilian-born cellist, singer and songwriter Dominique Pinto * Dom people, an ethnic group in the Middle East * Domba or Dom, an ethnic group in India * Doms, people of indigenous origin found in the Indian state of West Bengal Arts and entertainment * ''Dom'' (film), a 1958 Polish film * ''DOM'' (album), a 2012 album by German singer Joachim Witt * DOM (band), a band from Worcester, Massachusetts, US Linguistics * Differential object marking, a linguistic phenomenon * Dom language, spoken in Papua New Guinea Places * Dom (mountain), Switzerland, the third highest mountain in the Alps * Overseas department, (''Département d'outre-mer''), a department of France that is outside metropolitan France * Dóm Square, a large town square in Szeged, Hungary * Dominican Republic (ISO 3166-1 country code) * Douglas–Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dom Toustain
Dom or DOM may refer to: People and fictional characters * Dom (given name), including fictional characters * Dom (surname) * Dom La Nena (born 1989), stage name of Brazilian-born cellist, singer and songwriter Dominique Pinto * Dom people, an ethnic group in the Middle East * Domba or Dom, an ethnic group in India * Doms, people of indigenous origin found in the Indian state of West Bengal Arts and entertainment * ''Dom'' (film), a 1958 Polish film * ''DOM'' (album), a 2012 album by German singer Joachim Witt * DOM (band), a band from Worcester, Massachusetts, US Linguistics * Differential object marking, a linguistic phenomenon * Dom language, spoken in Papua New Guinea Places * Dom (mountain), Switzerland, the third highest mountain in the Alps * Overseas department, (''Département d'outre-mer''), a department of France that is outside metropolitan France * Dóm Square, a large town square in Szeged, Hungary * Dominican Republic (ISO 3166-1 country code) * Douglas–Charl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congregation Of Saint Maur
The Congregation of St. Maur, often known as the Maurists, were a congregation of French Benedictines, established in 1621, and known for their high level of scholarship. The congregation and its members were named after Saint Maurus (died 565), a disciple of Saint Benedict credited with introducing the Benedictine rule and life into Gaul. The congregation was suppressed and its superior-general executed during the French Revolution. History At the end of the 16th century the Benedictine monasteries of France had fallen into a state of disorganization and laxity. In the Abbey of St. Vanne near Verdun a reform was initiated by Dom Didier de la Cour, which spread to other houses in Lorraine, and in 1604 the reformed Congregation of St. Vanne was established, the most distinguished members of which were Ceillier and Calmet. A number of French houses joined the new congregation; but as Lorraine was still independent of the French crown, it was considered desirable to form on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
