|
PREEMPT RT
Preempt (also spelled "pre-empt") is a bid in contract bridge whose primary objectives are (1) to thwart opponents' ability to bid to their best contract, with some safety, and (2) to fully describe one's hand to one's partner in a single bid. A preemptive bid is usually made by ''jumping'', i.e. skipping one or more bidding levels. Since it deprives the opponents of the bidding space, it is expected that they will either find a wrong contract (too high or in a wrong denomination) of their own, or fail to find any. A preemptive bid often has the aim of a ''save'', where a partnership bids a contract knowing it cannot be made, but assumes that (even when doubled), the penalty will still be smaller than the value of opponents' bid and made contract. Scoring context The tables at right help to illustrate the limits of the scoring advantage to be gained in duplicate bridge by preempting or sacrificing when the opponents may be successful in making a game contract. The level to w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Bridge Glossary
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms. : ''In the following entries,'' boldface links ''are external to the glossary and'' plain links ''reference other glossary entries.'' 0–9 ;: A mnemonic for the original (Roman) response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "3 or 0" and "1 or 4", meaning that the lowest step response (5) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has three or zero keycards and the next step (5) shows one or four. ;: A mnemonic for a variant response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "1 or 4" and "3 or 0", meaning that the lowest step response (5) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has one or four keycards and the next step (5) shows three or zero. ;1RF: One round fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major Suit
In the card game contract bridge, the major suits are spades () and hearts (). The major suits are of prime importance for tactics and scoring as they outrank the minor suits while bidding and also outscore them (30 per contracted trick for major suits—compared to 20 for minor suits). Much of the tactics of bidding in bridge revolves around the attempt by partners to find a "fit" in one of the major suits that will allow them to make a game contract. Another reason why the major suits is more desirable than the minor suits is that they need one less trick to make game. Of the two major suits, spades rank higher than hearts. Suit combinations Fundamentally, there are three ways to divide four suits into pairs: by ''color'', by ''rank'' and by ''shape'' resulting in six possible suit combinations. * Color is used to denote the ''red'' suits (hearts and diamonds) and the ''black'' suits (spades and clubs). * Rank is used to indicate the ''major'' (spades and hearts) versus '' mino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Total Tricks
In contract bridge, the Law of total tricks (abbreviated here as LoTT) is a guideline used to help determine how high to bid in a competitive auction. It is not really a law (because counterexamples are easy to find) but a method of hand evaluation which describes a relationship that seems to exist somewhat regularly. Written by Jean-René Vernes for French players in the 1950s as a rule of thumb, it was first described in English in 1966 International Bridge Academy Annals. It received more notice from appearing in The Bridge World in June 1969. In 1981 Dick Payne and Joe Amsbury, using their abbreviation TNT (Total Number of Tricks), wrote at length about it for British readers. Later, in the US, Marty Bergen and Larry Cohen popularized the approach, using their preferred abbreviation: 'the LAW' (all capitals). It was prefigured in S. J. "Skid" Simon's 1945 book '' Why You Lose at Bridge'' in his aphorism "When in doubt, bid one more". Definition LoTT can be stated as f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogust Convention
Ogust is a bridge convention used by responder after his partner has made a weak-two opening bid; its purpose is to gauge the strength of the weak-two bidder's hand. Named after Harold A. Ogust from the United States, the convention is also known as the 'Blue Club response' from the bidding system developed by Benito Garozzo Benito Garozzo (born 5 September 1927) is an Italian American bridge player. He won 13 world championship titles with the Italian Blue Team, starting in 1961 when he was added as a last minute substitute for the Bermuda Bowl, playing in regular .... Application After a weak-two opening bid, a forcing relay bid of 2NT by responder asks opener to describe the strength and quality of his hand. Responder usually has values worthy of an opening bid and is interested in game, although he does not guarantee trump support. Responses The standard responses to the Ogust convention are: * 3 shows a "minimal" hand with a "poor" suit * 3 shows a "minimal" hand wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michaels Cuebid
The Michaels cuebid is a conventional bid used in the card game contract bridge. First devised by Michael Michaels of Miami Beach, FL, it is an 's cuebid in opponent's opening suit and is normally used to show a two-suited hand with at least five cards in each suit and eight or more points. After the opponents have opened at the one-level, the overcaller bids the same suit at the two-level; the two normal cases are: #Over an opponent's minor opening, a cuebid shows both majors. For example, 1 – 2 shows hearts and spades. #Over an opponent's major opening, a cuebid shows the other major and a minor suit. For example, 1 – 2 shows hearts and either clubs or diamonds. Partner can make a 2NT relay bid to request partner to bid his minor suit, or a 3 pass-or-correct bid. Partnerships who have incorporated Michaels cuebids amongst their agreements usually also play the unusual notrump convention. Requirements Point count requirements vary and are a mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard American
Standard American is a bidding system for the game of bridge widely used in North America and elsewhere. Owing to the popularization of the game by Charles Goren in the 1940s and 1950s, its early versions were sometimes referred to simply as 'Goren'. With the addition and evolution of various and , it is now more generally referred to as Standard American. It is a bidding system based on five-card majors and a strong notrump; players may add conventions and refine the meanings of bids through partnership agreements summarized in their . One standardised version, SAYC (Standard American Yellow Card), is widely used by casual partnerships and in online bridge. Role of bidding systems The purpose of bidding during the auction phase of each deal is to disclose information which one's partner may employ in order to arrive at an optimal contract while concurrently contending with the opponents' attempts to do likewise. A bidding system is a set of agreements about the meanings of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minor Suit
In contract bridge the minor suits are diamonds () and clubs (). They are given that name because contracts made in those suits score less (20 per contracted trick) than contracts made in the major suits (30 per contracted trick), and they rank lower in bidding. In particular, one can make game with a four-level bid in a major suit, while a five-level bid is required in a minor. Of the two minor suits, diamonds rank higher than clubs. Suit combinations Fundamentally, there are three ways to divide four suits into pairs: by ''color'', by ''rank'' and by ''shape'' resulting in six possible suit combinations. * Color is used to denote the ''red'' suits (hearts and diamonds) and the ''black'' suits (spades and clubs). * Rank is used to indicate the ''major'' (spades and hearts) versus ''minor'' (diamonds and clubs) suits. * Shape is used to denote the ''pointed'' (diamonds and spades, which visually have a sharp point uppermost) versus ''rounded'' (hearts and clubs) suits. This is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acol
Acol is the bridge bidding system that, according to ''The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge'', is "standard in British tournament play and widely used in other parts of the world". It is a natural system using four-card majors and, most commonly, a weak no trump. Origins Acol is named after the Acol Bridge Club in London NW6, where it originated in the early 1930s. The club was founded on Acol Road, named after Acol, Kent. According to Terence Reese, the system's main devisers were Maurice Harrison-Gray, Jack Marx and S. J. "Skid" Simon. Marx himself, writing in the ''Contract Bridge Journal'' in December, 1952, said: "...the Acol system was pieced together by Skid Simon and myself the best part of 20 years ago." In another account, Marx and Simon... The first book on the system was written by Ben Cohen and Terence Reese. Skid Simon explained the principles that lay behind the system, and the system was further popularised in Britain by Iain Macleod. The Acol system is contin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suit (cards)
In playing cards, a suit is one of the categories into which the cards of a deck are divided. Most often, each card bears one of several pips (symbols) showing to which suit it belongs; the suit may alternatively or additionally be indicated by the color printed on the card. The rank for each card is determined by the number of pips on it, except on face cards. Ranking indicates which cards within a suit are better, higher or more valuable than others, whereas there is no order between the suits unless defined in the rules of a specific card game. In a single deck, there is exactly one card of any given rank in any given suit. A deck may include special cards that belong to no suit, often called jokers. History Modern Western playing cards are generally divided into two or three general suit-systems. The older Latin suits are subdivided into the Italian and Spanish suit-systems. The younger Germanic suits are subdivided into the German and Swiss suit-systems. The French su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Bridge
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors. The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing it at the regional level. The game consists of a number of , each progressing through four phases. The cards are dealt to the players; then the players ''call'' (or ''bid'') in an auction seeking to take the , specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners use their bids to also exchange information about their hands, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overcall
In contract bridge, an overcall is a bid made after an opening bid has been made by an opponent; the term refers only to the first such bid. A ''direct'' overcall is such a bid made by the player seated immediately to the left of the opener, i.e. next in the bidding rotation; an overcall in the 'last seat', i.e. by the player to the right of opener, which is made after two intervening passes, is referred to as a '' balancing'' or ''protective'' overcall. Objectives The overcaller has one or more of the following objectives: *To secure the contract *To suggest a good lead from partner *To induce the opponents to a higher-level contract *To find an effective sacrifice *To hinder the opponents in their bidding Suit overcalls In most bidding systems, an overcall in an unbid suit is natural, denoting length and strength in the suit bid. The common requirements include: * A good five-card or any longer suit; the features that qualify a suit as 'good' are subject to partnership agreem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namyats
In the card game bridge, Namyats is a conventional agreement to open hands with a long major suit that are too strong for a direct preemptive opening with a 'two-under' transfer bid. When the long suit is in hearts, opener bids 4, and when in spades, opener bids 4. Accordingly, the method was originally named 'Four Club and Four Diamond Opening Transfers'; it is also referred to as 'Mitchell Transfers', after the developer of this bidding method, Victor Mitchell. The name 'Namyats' is the surname of Mitchell's bridge partner, Samuel Stayman, spelled backwards. In England, this convention is known as 'South African Texas', a name borrowed from a similar variant on the Texas transfer Texas transfer, or simply Texas, is a bidding convention in contract bridge designed to get the partnership to game in a major suit opposite a one notrump or two notrump opening, thus making the opener declarer and keeping the stronger hand hidden f ... convention played over 1NT opening bids. When pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
