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PFD Allowance
PFD allowance in work systems is the adjustment done to the normal time to obtain the Standard time (manufacturing), standard time for the purpose of recovering the lost time due to personal needs, fatigue, and unavoidable delays. By providing a small increase to the normal time in each cycle, a worker can still be able to cover lost time and complete the work assigned to him or her. Allowance technique There are two types of interruption: (1) interruption related to work (2) interruption not related to work. For example, a machine breakdown, rest break to overcome fatigue, and receiving Teacher, instruction from the manager are the interruption related to work, but personal needs, lunch breaks, and personal telephone calls are interruptions not related to work. However, the two types of interruption are both essential for the worker because it is almost impossible to work continually during a regular shift. Personal needs, fatigue, and unavoidable delays allowance The standard time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Time (manufacturing)
In industrial engineering, the standard time is the time required by an average skilled operator, working at a normal pace, to perform a specified task using a prescribed method. It includes appropriate allowances to allow the person to recover from fatigue and, where necessary, an additional allowance to cover contingent elements which may occur but have not been observed. Standard time = normal time + allowance Where; Normal time = average time × rating factor (take rating factor between 1.1 and 1.2) Usage of the standard time Time times for all operations are known. * Staffing (or workforce planning): the number of workers required cannot accurately be determined unless the time required to process the existing work is known. * Line balancing (or production leveling): the correct number of workstations for optimum work flow depends on the processing time, or standard, at each workstation. * Materials requirement planning (MRP): MRP systems cannot operate properly without ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |