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PE System
PE System (Power Electric System) is a driving device for electric vehicles. Hyundai, Genesis, and Kia are using this device in some of their models. Details The PE System serves as an engine and a transmission for an internal combustion engine in an electric vehicle. The first generation PE system consists of the motor and inverter separated and connected with an orange three-phase cable. The second-generation PE system consists of an integral motor and inverter, and cables and connectors have disappeared. The third-generation PE System consists of aintegral motor inverter, and reducer. The third-generation PE system was applied to Hyundai Motor Group's E-GMP platform. Four-wheel drive is applied by placing motors on the front and rear wheels. The integration of the motor-inverter housing lowered the inverter height by about 30  mm. The PE System has also been installed into the Vision FK, an eco-friendly hydrogen electric vehicle. In this vehicle, the PE System has b ...
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Electric Vehicle
An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft. For road vehicles, together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, EVs form a future mobility vision called Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) Mobility. EVs first came into existence in the late 19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. Internal combustion engin ...
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Alternating Current
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences, and it is the form of electrical energy that consumers typically use when they plug kitchen appliances, televisions, fans and electric lamps into a wall socket. A common source of DC power is a battery cell in a flashlight. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', as when they modify ''current'' or ''voltage''. The usual waveform of alternating current in most electric power circuits is a sine wave, whose positive half-period corresponds with positive direction of the current and vice versa. In certain applications, like guitar amplifiers, different waveforms are used, such as triangular waves or square waves. Audio a ...
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Kia EV9
The South Korean automobile manufacturer Kia has produced various cars, SUVs, and buses. Passenger vehicles Current models Former models Commercial vehicles Concept cars * Cub * GT * HabaNiro * Imagine * KCV III * KCV-4 Mojave * KED-10 * Kee * KND-4 * KND-7 * KV7 * KOUP * Kue * Multi S * Naimo * Niro * Pop * Provo * Rondo SX * Rondo Taxi * Slice * Sonet * SP Concept * SP Signature * Telluride KIA Defense *KLTV (also called K151) similar to the HMMWV * KM250 (K500 series) variant of the M35 truck * KM410 variant of the Willys M38A1 MD Jeep * KM420 Series (alternately K131) quarter ton Utility Vehicle * KM450 (K300 series) 1¼ ton modern variant of the M715 *KM500 (K700 series) variant of the M809 truck both as 5 ton and 7 ton variants *KM1500 (K900 series) 8×8 heavy tactical truck *K53 Series similar to the Swedish Bandvagn 206 amphibious tracked vehicle References {{Kia Motors * Kia Kia Corporation, commonly known as Kia (, ; formerl ...
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Kia EV4
The South Korean automobile manufacturer Kia has produced various cars, SUVs, and buses. Passenger vehicles Current models Former models Commercial vehicles Concept cars * Cub * GT * HabaNiro * Imagine * KCV III * KCV-4 Mojave * KED-10 * Kee * KND-4 * KND-7 * KV7 * KOUP * Kue * Multi S * Naimo * Niro * Pop * Provo * Rondo SX * Rondo Taxi * Slice * Sonet * SP Concept * SP Signature * Telluride KIA Defense * KLTV (also called K151) similar to the HMMWV * KM250 (K500 series) variant of the M35 truck * KM410 variant of the Willys M38A1 MD Jeep * KM420 Series (alternately K131) quarter ton Utility Vehicle * KM450 (K300 series) 1¼ ton modern variant of the M715 *KM500 (K700 series) variant of the M809 truck both as 5 ton and 7 ton variants *KM1500 (K900 series) 8×8 heavy tactical truck *K53 Series similar to the Swedish Bandvagn 206 amphibious tracked vehicle References {{Kia Motors * Kia Kia Corporation, commonly known as Kia (, ; for ...
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Kia EV6
The Kia EV6 is a battery electric compact crossover SUV produced by Kia. Introduced in March 2021, it is the first Kia dedicated electric vehicle, and the first model developed on the Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP) similar to the Hyundai Ioniq 5. It is also the first model to be named under the new nomenclature designated for a line of Kia electric cars, which will range from EV1 to EV9. The EV6 is the 2022 European Car of the Year. Overview The EV6 was released on 2 August 2021 after a set of pictures were revealed on 15 March 2021. Developed under the codename ''CV'', it is the first Kia model based on the E-GMP electric car platform. The GT model is claimed to have a time in 3.5 seconds, rapid 800V charging capability and vehicle-to-load function. It features a panoramic curved display panel inside, which opens up more space while a controller for transition between infotainment and HVAC below the navigation screen and touch buttons for using heated seat as w ...
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Genesis GV60
The Genesis GV60 is a battery electric compact luxury crossover SUV produced by Genesis, a luxury vehicle marque of Hyundai. Slotted below the GV70, it is the first Genesis product to be developed on the Hyundai Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP). Overview Genesis has unveiled the GV60 on 19 August, it was released globally on 30 September 2021. Codenamed ''JW'' during development, the vehicle sits on a dedicated EV platformed shared by the Hyundai Ioniq 5 and the Kia EV6. Powertrain details include a single-motor application for lower trim levels as well as a dual-motor all-wheel-drive model. The GV60 is the first to apply a new Genesis emblem imprinted with an elaborate Guilloche pattern and a clamshell hood that removes joints between the bodies. Also, Face Connect is equipped in the GV60 that recognizes the driver's face to control the door lock, seat, steering wheel, side mirrors, and infotainment. Digital key 2 is to open the door of the vehicle and start the e ...
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Hyundai N Vision 74
The Hyundai N Vision 74 is a concept car developed by Hyundai. The sporty car was unveiled at N Day 2022, an event organized by the Hyundai N performance division in mid-July 2022 at Busan, South Korea, alongside the Hyundai RN22e concept based on the Hyundai Ioniq 6 electric vehicle. The N Vision 74 is a rear-wheel-drive coupe driven by two electric traction motors, both on the rear axle; power is provided by both a storage battery and a hydrogen fuel cell. History The styling for the N Vision 74 is inspired by the Hyundai Pony Coupe Concept (1974), while the underlying technologies were inspired by the N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo (2015). The drivetrain was co-developed with Rimac Automobili and first shown in 2021 fitted to the Kia Stinger-derived Vision FK concept. Albert Biermann confirmed the roadgoing N Vision 74 prototype was derived from "a iaStinger ..The whole idea started with a different brand. It wasn't a yundaiN thing at all, it was for the enesisluxury brand. ...
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Hyundai Vision FK
The Hyundai Vision FK is a concept car that uses a plug-in hybrid drivetrain with both a large traction battery and a hydrogen fuel cell; the concept vehicle was developed by Hyundai and Rimac Automobili. The mid-motor, rear-wheel-drive sports coupe was unveiled at the ''Hydrogen Wave Forum'' in September 2021, an event organized by Hyundai to outline its plans to popularize hydrogen vehicles by 2040 for "Everyone, Everything and Everywhere". Power is delivered through two electric traction motors, both on the rear axle. The Vision FK can be plugged in to recharge its traction battery, which has more than 60 kW-hr of energy storage capacity, and the onboard fuel cell affords it a range greater than . History Albert Biermann, who heads Hyundai's research & development division, presented the Vision FK in a video on September 6, 2021. It is unclear if a prototype Vision FK was constructed or not. A development mule based on the Kia Stinger with visible exterior modifications mat ...
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Hyundai Ioniq 7
Ioniq (stylized as IONIQ) is an automotive marque and a division of Hyundai Motor Company with headquarters in Seoul, South Korea. The marque was established in 2020 as a sub-brand for Hyundai's electric vehicle line-up. The sub-brand is slated to aid Hyundai to achieve a targeted one million electric vehicle sales annually by 2025, with the Ioniq brand projected to contribute 560,000 of those sales. History Prior to its introduction as a sub-brand, the Ioniq name had been used for the 2012 Hyundai i-oniq concept, a small sporty hatchback that was equipped with a battery-electric drivetrain and a range-extending gasoline engine. Between 2016 and 2022 the name was used for the Hyundai Ioniq, a compact liftback available with a choice of eco-friendly powertrains: gasoline hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or full battery-electric; the 2016 Ioniq was intended to compete with the Toyota Prius hybrid and Nissan Leaf battery-electric vehicles. On 10 August 2020, the South Korean manufacturer ...
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Hyundai Ioniq 6
The Hyundai Ioniq 6 ( ko, 현대 아이오닉 6) is a battery electric mid-size fastback sedan produced by Hyundai Motor Company. It is the second vehicle marketed under the electric car-focused Ioniq sub-brand, and the fourth model developed on the Hyundai Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP). Overview The Ioniq 6 was launched on 12 July 2022. It will be produced at the Asan plant in South Korea, which also produces the Sonata and Grandeur, starting in the third quarter of 2022. Pre-orders started in July 2022. Deliveries are scheduled to commence in Korea and selected European markets in late 2022. For the United States market, production is scheduled to start in January 2023 and sales will start in March of that year. On 14 July 2022, the Ioniq 6 was unveiled at the 2022 Busan International Motor Show in South Korea. EV performance tuning technology, electric vehicle virtual driving sound, and electric vehicle active sound design were applied. The scope of applica ...
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Hyundai Ioniq 5
The Hyundai Ioniq 5 ( ko, 현대 아이오닉 5) is a battery electric compact crossover SUV produced by Hyundai. It is the first product to be marketed under the electric cars-focused Ioniq sub-brand, and the first model developed on the Hyundai Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP). It was revealed globally on 23 February 2021. Overview The design was previewed by the Hyundai 45 EV Concept which was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2019. Both the concept car and the production version are inspired by the original Hyundai Pony, and features the Parametric Pixel design that is applied to the headlights, tail lights, and wheels. The vehicle's clamshell hood spans the entire width to make a sleek look with the 20-inch aerodynamic wheels. The "45" describes both the 45th anniversary of the Pony coupe and the 45-degree angles prominent on the sides of the concept. At the time, Hyundai called the design language "sensuous sportiness" and described the front a ...
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Thermal Conductivity
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by k, \lambda, or \kappa. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of high thermal conductivity. For instance, metals typically have high thermal conductivity and are very efficient at conducting heat, while the opposite is true for insulating materials like Rockwool or Styrofoam. Correspondingly, materials of high thermal conductivity are widely used in heat sink applications, and materials of low thermal conductivity are used as thermal insulation. The reciprocal of thermal conductivity is called thermal resistivity. The defining equation for thermal conductivity is \mathbf = - k \nabla T, where \mathbf is the heat flux, k is the thermal conductivity, and \nabla T is the temperature gradient. This is known as Fourier's Law for heat conduction. Although commonly expressed as a scalar, the most general form of th ...
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