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Pure Practical Reason
Pure practical reason (german: reine praktische Vernunft) is the opposite of impure (or sensibly-determined) practical reason and appears in Immanuel Kant's ''Critique of Practical Reason'' and ''Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals''. It is the reason that drives actions without any sense dependent incentives. Human reasoning chooses such actions simply because those actions are good in themselves; this is the nature of good will, which Kant argues is the only concept that is good without any justification, it is good in itself and is a derivative of a transcendental law which affects the way humans practically reason (see practical philosophy The modern division of philosophy into theoretical philosophy and practical philosophyImmanuel Kant, ''Lectures on Ethics'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 41 ("On Universal Practical Philosophy"). Original text: Immanuel Kant, ''Kant’s Gesa ...). References * Immanuel Kant, ''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'', Stuttgart 1961, "Vor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern Western philosophy. In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant argued that space and time are mere "forms of intuition" which structure all experience, and therefore that, while " things-in-themselves" exist and contribute to experience, they are nonetheless distinct from the objects of experience. From this it follows that the objects of experience are mere "appearances", and that the nature of things as they are in themselves is unknowable to us. In an attempt to counter the skepticism he found in the writings of philosopher David Hume, he wrote the '' Critique of Pure Reason'' (1781/1787), one of his most well-known works. In it, he developed his theory of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critique Of Practical Reason
The ''Critique of Practical Reason'' (german: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft) is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques, published in 1788. It follows on from Kant's first critique, the '' Critique of Pure Reason'' and deals with his moral philosophy. While Kant had already published one significant work in moral philosophy, the ''Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals'' (1785), the ''Critique of Practical Reason'' was intended to both cover a wider scope and place his ethical views within the larger framework of his system of critical philosophy. The second ''Critique'' exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichte's '' Doctrine of Science'' and becoming, during the 20th century, the principal reference point for deontological moral philosophy. Preface and introduction Kant sketches out here what is to follow. Most of these two chapters focus on comparing the situation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groundwork Of The Metaphysic Of Morals
''Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals'' (1785; german: Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten; also known as the ''Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals'', ''Grounding of the Metaphysics of Morals'', and the ''Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals'') is the first of Immanuel Kant's mature works on moral philosophy and remains one of the most influential in the field. Kant conceives his investigation as a work of foundational ethics—one that clears the ground for future research by explaining the core concepts and principles of moral theory, and showing that they are normative for rational agents. Kant purposes to lay bare the fundamental principle of morality and show that it applies to us. Central to the work is the role of what Kant refers to as the ''categorical imperative'', the concept that one must act only according to that precept which he or she would will to become a universal law. He provides a groundbreaking argument that the rightness of an action is determi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Good Faith
In human interactions, good faith ( la, bona fides) is a sincere intention to be fair, open, and honest, regardless of the outcome of the interaction. Some Latin phrases have lost their literal meaning over centuries, but that is not the case with ''bona fides'', which is still widely used and interchangeable with its generally-accepted modern-day English translation of ''good faith''. It is an important concept within law and business. The opposed concepts are bad faith, ''mala fides'' (duplicity) and perfidy (pretense). In contemporary English, the usage of ''bona fides'' is synonymous with credentials and identity. The phrase is sometimes used in job advertisements, and should not be confused with the ''bona fide'' occupational qualifications or the employer's good faith effort, as described below. ''Bona fides'' ''Bona fides'' is a Latin phrase meaning "good faith". Its ablative case is ''bona fide'', meaning "in good faith", which is often used as an adjective to mean " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Practical Philosophy
The modern division of philosophy into theoretical philosophy and practical philosophyImmanuel Kant, ''Lectures on Ethics'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 41 ("On Universal Practical Philosophy"). Original text: Immanuel Kant, ''Kant’s Gesammelte Schriften'', Band XXVII – Moralphilosophie, 1. Hälfte, 1974p. 243 has its origin in Aristotle's categories of natural philosophy and moral philosophy. The one has theory for its object, and the other practice. __forcetoc__ Overview In Sweden and Finland courses in theoretical and practical philosophy are taught separately, and are separate degrees. Other countries may use a similar scheme—some Scottish universities, for example, divide philosophy into logic, metaphysics, and ethics—but in most universities around the world philosophy is taught as a single subject. There is also a unified philosophy subject in some Swedish universities, such as Södertörns Högskola. Subjects of practical philosophy Examples of practical p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
