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Ptilocaulis Spiculifer
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis digitatus'' Topsent, 1928 * ''Ptilocaulis echidnaeus'' (Lamarck, 1814) * ''Ptilocaulis fosteri'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis ...
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Henry John Carter
Henry John Carter, FRS (18 August 1813 – 4 May 1895) was a surgeon working in Bombay, India, who carried out work in geology, paleontology, and zoology. He worked as an army surgeon in Bombay from 1859 on Her Majesty's Indian Service, Bombay Establishment. He edited a collection of geological papers on Western India, including a summary of the geology of India, which was published in 1857. Many items of his published work appeared in the journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and in the Annals of Natural History. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1859. Life and work Carter joined the Devon and Exeter Hospital at the age of sixteen, and graduated from University College in 1837 and obtained admission to the College of Surgeons in 1838. He was house surgeon for a year and then conservator of the museum. He visited Ecole de Medecine in Paris in 1840 and joined the East India Company in 1841. He served in Calcutta, Madras and Mauritius. He ...
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Demosponges
Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms. The many diverse orders in this class include all of the large sponges. Most are marine dwellers, but one order (Spongillida) live in freshwater environments. Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are over ac ...
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Ptilocaulis Aulopora
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * '' Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * '' Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * '' Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * '' Ptilocaulis digitatus'' Topsent, 1928 * '' Ptilocaulis echidnaeus'' (Lamarck, 1814) * '' Ptilocaulis fosteri'' (Hechtel, 1983) * '' Ptilo ...
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Ptilocaulis Bistyla
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora ''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenber .. ...
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Ptilocaulis Braziliensis
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla ''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E ...
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Ptilocaulis Digitatus
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis ''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; ...
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Ptilocaulis Echidnaeus
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis digitatus ''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury ...
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Ptilocaulis Fosteri
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis digitatus'' Topsent, 1928 * ''Ptilocaulis echidnaeus ''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaul ...
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Ptilocaulis Marquezii
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis digitatus'' Topsent, 1928 * ''Ptilocaulis echidnaeus'' (Lamarck, 1814) * ''Ptilocaulis fosteri ''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of ...
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Ptilocaulis Spiculifer
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis digitatus'' Topsent, 1928 * ''Ptilocaulis echidnaeus'' (Lamarck, 1814) * ''Ptilocaulis fosteri'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis ...
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Ptilocaulis Walpersii
''Ptilocaulis'' is a genus of demosponges.van Soest, R. (2007)Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883.In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17 The species within this genus are usually red or orange. They are often called tree sponges, as they grow many branches from a single stem resembling trees. They can grow to large size. Species The following species are included in the genus ''Ptilocaulis'': * ''Ptilocaulis aulopora'' (Schmidt, 1870) * ''Ptilocaulis bistyla'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis braziliensis'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis digitatus'' Topsent, 1928 * ''Ptilocaulis echidnaeus'' (Lamarck, 1814) * ''Ptilocaulis fosteri'' (Hechtel, 1983) * ''Ptilocaulis ...
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Axinellidae
Axinellidae is a family of sponges in the order Axinellida. This family includes some photo-synthetic sponges that occur throughout the world's coral reefs. They are amongst the more common sponges seen in the aquarium trade but are usually not successful species in captivity and not ones that thrive in the small household tank environment. They are common throughout the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean coral reefs. Species which derive their nutrition from sunlight must stay fairly close to the surface in order for their zooxanthellae to synthesize light into the sugars these sponges use to survive. Genera There are ten genera: * ''Axinella'' Schmidt, 1862 * ''Cymbastela'' Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 * ''Dragmacidon'' Hallmann, 1917 * ''Dragmaxia'' Hallmann, 1916 * ''Ophiraphidites'' Carter, 1876 * ''Pararhaphoxya'' Burton, 1934 * ''Phycopsis (sponge), Phycopsis'' Carter, 1883 * ''Pipestela'' Alvarez, Hooper & van Soest, 2008 * ''Ptilocaulis'' Carter, 1883 * ''Reniochalina'' Lend ...
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