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Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol
: ''PEAP is also an acronym for Personal Egress Air Packs.'' Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, also known as Protected EAP or simply PEAP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) within an encrypted and authenticated Transport Layer Security (TLS) tunnel.Protected EAP Protocol (PEAP) Version 2, /tools.ietf.org/html/draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls-eap-10 draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls-eap-10 abstract The purpose was to correct deficiencies in EAP; EAP assumed a protected communication channel, such as that provided by physical security, so facilities for protection of the EAP conversation were not provided. PEAP was jointly developed by Cisco Systems, Microsoft, and RSA Security. PEAPv0 was the version included with Microsoft Windows XP and was nominally defined in /tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kamath-pppext-peapv0-00 draft-kamath-pppext-peapv0-00 PEAPv1 and PEAPv2 were defined in different versions of ''draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Egress Air Packs
Personal Egress Air Packs, or PEAPs, were devices on board a Space Shuttle that provided crew members with about six minutes of breathable air in the case of a mishap while the vehicle was still on the ground. PEAPs did not provide pressurized air, meaning they were only intended to be used if the air inside the shuttle cabin become unbreathable because of noxious gases. The devices gained public attention after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, ''Challenger'' disaster. After the recovery of the vehicle cockpit, it was found that three of the crew PEAPs were activated: those of mission specialist Ellison Onizuka, mission specialist Judith Resnik, and pilot Michael J. Smith (astronaut), Michael J. Smith. The location of Smith's activation switch, on the back side of his seat, means that either Resnik or Onizuka likely activated it for him. Mike Mullane writes: This showed that at least two of the crew members (Onizuka and Resnik) were alive after the cockpit separated fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Certificate
In cryptography, a public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the validity of a Key authentication, public key. The certificate includes information about the key, information about the identity of its owner (called the subject), and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents (called the issuer). If the signature is valid, and the software examining the certificate trusts the issuer, then it can use that key to communicate securely with the certificate's subject. In email encryption, code signing, and Electronic signature, e-signature systems, a certificate's subject is typically a person or organization. However, in Transport Layer Security (TLS) a certificate's subject is typically a computer or other device, though TLS certificates may identify organizations or individuals in addition to their core role in identifying devices. TLS, sometimes called by its older n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbian
Symbian is a discontinued mobile operating system A mobile operating system is an operating system for mobile phones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. While computers such as typical laptops are "mobile", the operating systems used on ... (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones. It was originally developed as a proprietary software OS for personal digital assistants in 1998 by the Symbian Ltd. consortium. Symbian OS is a descendant of Psion (company), Psion's EPOC (operating system), EPOC, and was released exclusively on ARM architecture, ARM central processing unit, processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed. Symbian was used by many major mobile phone brands, like Samsung, Motorola, Sony Mobile, Sony Ericsson, and above all by Nokia. It was also prevalent in Japan by brands including Fujitsu, Sharp Corporation, Sharp and Mitsubishi. As a pioneer that established the smartphone industry, it w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nokia E66
The Nokia E66 is a slider smartphone in the Nokia Eseries range, a S60 platform third edition device with slide action targeting business users. It is a successor to the Nokia E65 with which it shares many features. E66 has similar features to the Nokia E71 handset, but lacks sufficient battery capacity for all day use and does not have the full QWERTY, however the E66 is smaller in size and weighs less. The E66 also includes an accelerometer and new animations and transition effects, which are lacking in the E71. Features *Quad band GSM / GPRS / EDGE: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 * Dual band UMTS / HSDPA: UMTS 900 / 2100 * FM radio 87.5–108 MHz with Visual Radio * 3.2-megapixel camera (2048 × 1536 pixels) with Self-portrait mirror, autofocus and LED flash * 110 MB Internal user storage, support up to 8 GB MicroSDHC memory card * Video: 320 × 240 (QVGA) at 15 frames/s, 176 × 144 at 15 frames/s (QCIF) * Front-facing camera for video call * 2.36 inch QVGA (320 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windows 7
Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009. It is the successor to Windows Vista, released nearly three years earlier. It remained an operating system for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs, and itself was replaced in November 2012 by Windows 8, the name spanning more than three years of the product. Until April 9, 2013, Windows 7 original release included updates and technical support, after which installation of Service Pack 1 was required for users to receive support and updates. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time. The last supported version of Windows based on this operating system was released on July 1, 2011, entitled Windows Embedded POSReady 7. Extended support ended on January 14, 2020, over ten years a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EAP-FAST
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework frequently used in network and internet connections. It is defined in , which made obsolete, and is updated by . EAP is an authentication framework for providing the transport and usage of material and parameters generated by EAP methods. There are many methods defined by RFCs, and a number of vendor-specific methods and new proposals exist. EAP is not a wire protocol; instead it only defines the information from the interface and the formats. Each protocol that uses EAP defines a way to encapsulate by the user EAP messages within that protocol's messages. EAP is in wide use. For example, in IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) the WPA and WPA2 standards have adopted IEEE 802.1X (with various EAP types) as the canonical authentication mechanism. Methods EAP is an authentication framework, not a specific authentication mechanism. It provides some common functions and negotiation of authentication methods called EAP methods. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) is a proprietary wireless LAN authentication method developed by Cisco Systems. Important features of LEAP are dynamic WEP keys and mutual authentication (between a wireless client and a RADIUS server). LEAP allows for clients to re-authenticate frequently; upon each successful authentication, the clients acquire a new WEP key (with the hope that the WEP keys don't live long enough to be cracked). LEAP may be configured to use TKIP instead of dynamic WEP. Some 3rd party vendors also support LEAP through the Cisco Compatible Extensions Program. An unofficial description of the protocol is available. Security considerations Cisco LEAP, similar to WEP, has had well-known security weaknesses since 2003 involving offline password cracking. LEAP uses a modified version of MS-CHAP, an authentication protocol in which user credentials are not strongly protected. Stronger authentication protocols employ a salt to strengthen the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wpa Supplicant
wpa_supplicant is a free software implementation of an IEEE 802.11i supplicant for Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, QNX, AROS, Microsoft Windows, Solaris, OS/2 (including ArcaOS and eComStation) and Haiku. In addition to being a WPA3 and WPA2 supplicant, it also implements WPA and older wireless LAN security protocols. Features Features include: * WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK ("WPA-Personal", pre-shared key) *WPA3 * WPA with EAP ("WPA-Enterprise", for example with RADIUS authentication server) * RSN: PMKSA caching, pre-authentication * IEEE 802.11r * IEEE 802.11w * Wi-Fi Protected Setup ( WPS) Included with the supplicant are a GUI and a command-line utility for interacting with the running supplicant. From either of these interfaces it is possible to review a list of currently visible networks, select one of them, provide any additional security information needed to authenticate with the network (for example, a passphrase, or username and password) and add it to the preference list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xsupplicant
Xsupplicant is a supplicant that allows a workstation to authenticate with a RADIUS server using 802.1X and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). It can be used for computers with wired or wireless LAN connections to complete a strong authentication before joining the network and supports the dynamic assignment of WEP keys. Overview Xsupplicant up to version 1.2.8 was designed to run on Linux clients as a command line utility. Version 1.3.X and greater are designed to run on Windows XP and are currently being ported to Linux/BSD systems, and include a robust graphical user interface, and also includes Network Access Control (NAC) functionality from Trusted Computing Group's Trusted Network Connect NAC. Xsupplicant was chosen by the OpenSea Alliance, dedicated to developing, promoting, and distributing an open source 802.1X supplicant. Xsupplicant supports the following EAP types: * EAP-MD5 * LEAP * EAP-MSCHAPv2 * EAP-OTP * EAP-PEAP (v0 and v1) * EAP-SIM * EAP-TLS * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple Computer
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, United States. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue (totaling in 2021) and, as of June 2022, is the world's biggest company by market capitalization, the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales and second-largest mobile phone manufacturer. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, and Microsoft. Apple was founded as Apple Computer Company on April 1, 1976, by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. It was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. in 1977 and the company's next computer, the Apple II, became a best seller and one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success. The company developed computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EAP-TLS
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework frequently used in network and internet connections. It is defined in , which made obsolete, and is updated by . EAP is an authentication framework for providing the transport and usage of material and parameters generated by EAP methods. There are many methods defined by RFCs, and a number of vendor-specific methods and new proposals exist. EAP is not a wire protocol; instead it only defines the information from the interface and the formats. Each protocol that uses EAP defines a way to encapsulate by the user EAP messages within that protocol's messages. EAP is in wide use. For example, in IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) the WPA and WPA2 standards have adopted IEEE 802.1X (with various EAP types) as the canonical authentication mechanism. Methods EAP is an authentication framework, not a specific authentication mechanism. It provides some common functions and negotiation of authentication methods called EAP methods. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS-CHAPv2
MS-CHAP is the Microsoft version of the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol, CHAP. The protocol exists in two versions, MS-CHAPv1 (defined in RFC 2433) and MS-CHAPv2 (defined in RFC 2759). MS-CHAPv2 was introduced with pptp3-fix that was included in Windows NT 4.0 SP4 and was added to Windows 98 in the "Windows 98 Dial-Up Networking Security Upgrade Release" and Windows 95 in the "Dial Up Networking 1.3 Performance & Security Update for MS Windows 95" upgrade. Windows Vista dropped support for MS-CHAPv1. MS-CHAP is used as one authentication option in Microsoft's implementation of the PPTP protocol for virtual private networks. It is also used as an authentication option with RADIUS servers which are used with IEEE 802.1X (e.g., WiFi security using the WPA-Enterprise protocol). It is further used as the main authentication option of the Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP). Compared with CHAP, MS-CHAP: * is enabled by negotiating CHAP Algorithm 0x80 (0x81 fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
