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PRMT1
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PRMT1'' gene. The HRMT1L2 gene encodes a protein arginine methyltransferase that functions as a histone methyltransferase specific for histone H4. Function PRMT1 gene encodes for the protein arginine methyltransferase that functions as a histone methyltransferase specific for histone H4 in eukaryotic cells. Specifically altering histone H4 in eukaryotes gives it the ability to remodel chromatin acting as a post-translational modifier. Through regulation of gene expression, arginine methyltransferases control the cell cycle and death of eukaryotic cells. Reaction pathway While all PRMT enzymes catalyze the methylation of arginine residues in proteins, PRMT1 is unique in that is catalyzes the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as opposed to the PRMT2 that catalyzes the formation of symmetrically dimethylated arginine. Individual PRMT utilize ''S''-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histone H4
Histone H4 is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryote, eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminus, N-terminal tail, H4 is involved with the structure of the nucleosome of the 'beads on a string' organization. Histone proteins are highly post-translationally modified. Covalently bonded modifications include acetylation and methylation of the N-terminal tails. These modifications may alter Gene expression, expression of genes located on DNA associated with its parent histone octamer. Histone H4 is an important protein in the structure and function of chromatin, where its sequence variants and variable modification states are thought to play a role in the dynamic and long term regulation of genes. Genetics Histone H4 is encoded in multiple genes at different loci including: HIST1H4A, HIST1H4B, HIST1H4C, HIST1H4D, HIST1H4E, HIST1H4F, HIST1H4G, HIST1H4H, HIST1H4I, HIST1H4J, HIST1H4K, HIST1H4L, HIST2H4A, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BTG1
Protein BTG1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG1'' gene. Function The BTG1 gene locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22) chromosomal translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is a member of a family of antiproliferative genes. BTG1 expression is maximal in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and downregulated when cells progressed through G1. It negatively regulates cell proliferation. Interactions BTG1 has been shown to interact with: * CNOT7, * CNOT8, * HOXB9, and * PRMT1. Clinical relevance Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Maintenance of adult neural stem cells Recent data, obtained in a new model of mouse lacking the BTG1 gene, indicate that BTG1 is essential for the proliferation and expansion of stem cells in the adult neurogenic niches, i.e. the dentate gyrus The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation in the temporal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HNRNPR
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HNRNPR'' gene. Function This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA-binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of RRM domains that bind to RNAs and also contains a nuclear localization motif. HNRNPR, together with its main RNA interacting partner, 7SK, is essential for axon growth in motoneurons. Depletion of HNRNPR from primary motoneurons inhibits axonal development, but it does not lead to e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BTG2
Protein BTG2 also known as BTG family member 2 or NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTG2'' gene (B-cell translocation gene 2) and in other mammals by the homologous ''Btg2'' gene. This protein controls cell cycle progression and proneural genes expression by acting as a transcription coregulator that enhances or inhibits the activity of transcription factors. The protein BTG2 is the human homolog of the PC3 (pheochromocytoma cell 3) protein in rat and of the Tis21 (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence 21) protein in mouse. ''Tis21'' had been originally isolated as a sequence induced by TPA in mouse fibroblasts, whereas ''PC3'' was originally isolated as sequence induced at the beginning of neuron differentiation; ''BTG2'' was then isolated in human cells as sequence induced by p53 and DNA damage. The protein encoded by the gene BTG2 (which is the official name assigned to the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FUS (gene)
RNA-binding protein FUS/TLS (FUused in Sarcoma/Translocated in LipoSarcoma), also known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein P2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FUS'' gene. Discovery FUS/TLS was initially identified as a fusion protein (FUS-CHOP) produced as a result of chromosomal translocations in human cancers, especially liposarcomas. In these instances, the promoter and N-terminal part of FUS/TLS is translocated to the C-terminal domain of various DNA-binding transcription factors (e.g. CHOP) conferring a strong transcriptional activation domain onto the fusion proteins. FUS/TLS was independently identified as the hnRNP P2 protein, a subunit of a complex involved in the maturation of pre-mRNA. Structure FUS/TLS is a member of the FET protein family that also includes the EWS protein, the TATA-binding protein TBP-associated factor TAFII68/TAF15, and the Drosophila cabeza/SARF protein. FUS/TLS, EWS and TAF15 have a similar structure, characteris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HNRPK
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (also protein K) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HNRNPK'' gene. It is found in the cell nucleus that binds to pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) as a component of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles. The simian homolog is known as ''protein H16''. Both proteins bind to single-stranded DNA as well as to RNA and can stimulate the activity of RNA polymerase II, the protein responsible for most gene transcription. The relative affinities of the proteins for DNA and RNA vary with solution conditions and are inversely correlated, so that conditions promoting strong DNA binding result in weak RNA binding. RNA binding protein domains in other proteins that are similar to the RNA binding domain of protein K are called K-homology or KH domains. Protein K has been the subject of study related to colorectal cancer, in which an RNA editing event inducing the expression of an isoform containing a point mutation was found to be specific t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DHX9
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A (RHA; also known as DHX9, LKP, and NDHI) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHX9'' gene. Function DEAD/DEAH box helicases are proteins, and are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein with RNA helicase activity. It may participate in melting of DNA:RNA hybrids, such as those that occur during transcription, and may play a role in X-linked gene expression. It contains 2 copies of a double-stranded RNA-binding domain, a DEXH core domain and an RGG box. The RNA-binding domains and RGG box influence and regulate RNA helicase activity. The ''DHX9'' gene is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ILF3
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ILF3'' gene. Function Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor required for T-cell expression of interleukin 2. NFAT binds to a sequence in the IL2 enhancer known as the antigen receptor response element 2. In addition, NFAT can bind RNA and is an essential component for encapsidation and protein priming of hepatitis B viral polymerase. NFAT is a heterodimer of 45 kDa and 90 kDa proteins, the larger of which is the product of this gene. The encoded protein, which is primarily localized to ribosomes, probably regulates transcription at the level of mRNA elongation. At least three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactions ILF3 has been shown to interact with: * DNA-PKcs, * FUS, * PRMT1 * Protein kinase R, and * XPO5. *C5orf36 KIAA0825 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene of the same name, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histone Methyltransferase
Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are histone-modifying enzymes (e.g., histone-lysine N-methyltransferases and histone-arginine N-methyltransferases), that catalyze the transfer of one, two, or three methyl groups to lysine and arginine residues of histone proteins. The attachment of methyl groups occurs predominantly at specific lysine or arginine residues on histones H3 and H4. Two major types of histone methyltranferases exist, lysine-specific (which can be SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer of Zeste, Trithorax) domain containing or non-SET domain containing) and arginine-specific. In both types of histone methyltransferases, S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) serves as a cofactor and methyl donor group. The genomic DNA of eukaryotes associates with histones to form chromatin. The level of chromatin compaction depends heavily on histone methylation and other post-translational modifications of histones. Histone methylation is a principal epigenetic modification of chromatin that determines ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring chemical found in blood plasma. It is a metabolic by-product of continual protein modification processes in the cytoplasm of all human cells. It is closely related to L-arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid. ADMA interferes with L-arginine in the production of nitric oxide (NO), a key chemical involved in normal endothelial function and, by extension, cardiovascular health. Discovery Patrick Vallance and his London co-workers first noted the interference role for asymmetric dimethylarginine in the early 1990s. Today biochemical and clinical research continues into the role of ADMA in cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction and certain forms of kidney disease. Synthesis and regulation in the body Asymmetric dimethylarginine is created in protein methylation, a common mechanism of post-translational protein modification. This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme set called protein arginine N- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SUPT5H
Transcription elongation factor SPT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SUPT5H'' gene. Interactions SUPT5H has been shown to interact with: * CDK9, * Cyclin-dependent kinase 7, * HTATSF1, * PIN1, * POLR2A, * PRMT1 and * Protein arginine methyltransferase 5. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of SUPT5H function. A conditional knockout mouse line called ''Supt5tm2a(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological proper ... to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IFNAR1
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IFNAR1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for type I interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and -lambda. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2. The encoded protein also functions as an antiviral factor. Interactions IFNAR1 has been shown to interact with: * PRMT1, * STAT2, and * Tyrosine kinase 2 Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TYK2'' gene. Tyk2 was the first member of the JAK family that was described (the other members are JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3). It has been implicated in IFN-Î .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-21-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
