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Princess Maximiliana Of Bavaria
Princess Maximiliana Josepha Caroline of Bavaria (german: Maximiliane Josepha Karoline von Bayern, 21 July 1810 – 4 February 1821), was a Princess of Bavaria, daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Queen Caroline of Baden. Biography Maximiliana was born in Nymphenburg Palace, the summer residence of the kings of Bavaria. She was the last child of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife, Caroline of Baden. Her mother gave birth to eight children; her eldest brother, Maximilian, died in childhood. Maximiliana's siblings included King Ludwig I, Caroline Augusta, Empress of Austria, Elisabeth, Queen consort of Prussia, Amalie, Queen consort of Saxony and Sophie, Archduchess of Austria; as well as Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria, mother of Franz Josef's consort, Empress Elisabeth of Austria (''Sissi''). In 1821, Maximiliana fell ill with typhus, and died at the age of ten. Her death was a devastating blow to her mother. She was buried at the Theatine Churc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Karl Stieler
Joseph Karl Stieler (1 November 1781 – 9 April 1858) was a German painter. From 1820 until 1855 he worked as royal court painter of the Bavarian kings. He is known for his Neoclassical portraits, especially for the Gallery of Beauties at Nymphenburg Palace in Munich, as well as his emblematic portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven, which has become one of his most famous works. Life Born in the city of Mainz to a long-established family of engravers, punchcutters and die makers, Stieler received some artistic training from his father, August Friedrich Stieler (1736–1789). After the early death of his father, Joseph Karl autodidactically completed his apprenticeship and began his career as a painter of miniatures, which were increasingly sought after by bourgeois circles After Mainz had been occupied by French revolutionary troops in 1792, Stieler followed the expelled court of Prince-Archbishop Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal to Aschaffenburg. Here he met with the later A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1810 Births
Year 181 ( CLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Burrus (or, less frequently, year 934 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 181 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Imperator Lucius Aurelius Commodus and Lucius Antistius Burrus become Roman Consuls. * The Antonine Wall is overrun by the Picts in Britannia (approximate date). Oceania * The volcano associated with Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, one of the largest on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The effects of this eruption are seen as far away as Rome and China. Births * April 2 – Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 234) * Zhuge Liang, Chinese chancellor and regent (d. 234) Deaths * Aelius Aristides, Greek orator and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Countess Palatine Caroline Of Zweibrücken
Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Caroline Henriette Christiane Philippine Louise; 9 March 1721 – 30 March 1774) was Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt by marriage to Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was famed as one of the most learned women of her time and known as The Great Landgräfin. Biography Henriette Caroline was the daughter of Christian III, Duke of Zweibrücken and his wife Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken. She married on 12 August 1741 in Zweibrücken, Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. The marriage was arranged and unhappy: Caroline was interested in music and literature, while her consort was interested in military matters, and she lived separated from him at Buchsweiler. She founded a factory to ease the states economy. In 1772, she promoted the politician Friedrich Karl von Moser. Caroline was better known as The Great Landgräfin, a name given to her by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. She befriended several writers and philosophers of her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis IX, Landgrave Of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt (german: Ludwig) (15 December 1719 – 6 April 1790) was the reigning Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 to 1790. Louis IX and his wife became the most recent common ancestors of all current European monarchs on 8 September 2022 after Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, who was not a descendant, died and her son, Charles III, a descendant through his father, became king. Overview Louis IX was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg. He was born in Darmstadt on 15 December 1719. On 12 August 1741, Louis married Caroline, daughter of Christian III, Duke of Zweibrücken. They had three sons and five daughters, including: * Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt (1746–1821), married Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg * Princess Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (1751–1805), married King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia and became Queen of Prussia * Prince Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landgravine Caroline Louise Of Hesse-Darmstadt
Princess Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (11 July 1723 – 8 April 1783), was a consort of Baden, a dilettante artist, scientist, collector and salonist. Biography The daughter of Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt and Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna of Hanau, she married on January 28, 1751, to Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden. She is described as learned, spoke five languages, corresponded with Voltaire and made Karlsruhe to a cultural centre in Germany where she counted Johann Gottfried von Herder, Johann Caspar Lavater, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Christoph Willibald Gluck and Christoph Martin Wieland among her guests. She was a member of Markgräflich Baden court orchestra and the Danish Academy of Fine Arts, draw, painted in water colours and had a laboratory set up in the Karlsruhe palace. Carl von Linné named Glückskastanie Carolinea Princeps L. after her, and Friedrich Wilhelm von Leysser was hired to gather plants for he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke Of Baden
Charles Frederick (22 November 1728 – 10 June 1811) was Margrave, Elector and later Grand Duke of Baden (initially only Margrave of Baden-Durlach) from 1738 until his death. Biography Born at Karlsruhe, he was the son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Baden-Durlach and Amalia of Nassau-Dietz (13 October 1710 – 17 September 1777), the daughter of Johan Willem Friso of Nassau-Dietz. He succeeded his grandfather as Margrave of Baden-Durlach in 1738 and ruled personally from 1746 until 1771, when he inherited Baden-Baden from the Catholic line of his family. This made him the Protestant ruler of a state that was overwhelmingly Catholic, however the Imperial Diet permitted this because the Elector of Saxony had converted to Catholicism from Lutheranism and had been permitted to retain control of the Protestant body of the Imperial Diet. Upon inheriting the latter margraviate, the original land of Baden was reunited. He was regarded as a good example of an enlightened despot, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste Sofie Of Neuburg
Elisabeth Auguste of Neuburg (Elisabeth Auguste Sofie; 1693–1728) was the only surviving child of Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine. The Palatinate-Neuburg line became extinct with her father and was succeeded by the Palatinate-Sulzbach line. Her sons with Count Palatine Joseph Charles of Sulzbach would have been the indisputable heirs to the Electorate of the Palatinate, but they all died in infancy. She was the Hereditary Princess of Sulzbach by marriage. Life Of Charles Philip's six children (five daughters and one stillborn son), Elisabeth Auguste was the only one to reach adulthood. She was the third daughter of Charles III Philip, then Count Palatine of Neuburg, and his first wife, Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł. One of her sisters, Maria Anna, died before Elisabeth Auguste was born, aged one or two, and her sister Leopoldine died the year she was born, aged three. Her mother died on 25 March 1695, when Elisabeth Auguste was about two years old, and her father remarried wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Charles, Hereditary Prince Of Sulzbach
Joseph Charles, Hereditary Prince of Sulzbach (German: ''Joseph Karl''; Sulzbach, 2 November 1694 – Oggersheim, 18 July 1729) was the eldest son of Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. Life The Sulzbach line was related to the Palatinate-Neuburg line who were Electors Palatine. The Elector of the Palatinate Charles III Philip failed to produce a legitimate male heir, as did his brothers. Joseph Charles, the eldest son of the Count Palatine of Sulzbach, was the heir apparent. On 2 May 1717 Joseph Charles married Countess Palatine Elizabeth Augusta Sophie of Neuburg (1693–1728), the daughter of Charles III Philip, a match intended to unite the two lines and prevented another succession war. However, all the sons fathered by the couple died in infancy and only three daughters survived. In 1728 Elizabeth Augusta died in childbirth and Joseph Charles died the following year in Oggersheim. Therefore, the inheritance of Palatinate-Sulzbach and the eventual inheritance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Countess Caroline Of Nassau-Saarbrücken
Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (12 August 1704 – 25 March 1774) was Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken by marriage. Biography She was the daughter of Count Louis Crato of Nassau-Saarbrücken (died 1713) and Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe (1679–1751). On 21 September 1719, at the age of 15, she married her 44-year-old godfather, Christian III of Zweibrücken. The wedding took place at Castle Lorenzen in Nassau. This marriage produced four children: * Caroline Henriette Christine (1721–1774), called "the great landgravine" : married to Landgrave Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt * Christian IV (1722–1775), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken * Frederick Michael (1724–1767), Count Palatine of Birkenfeld * Christiane Henriette (1725–1816), Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and by marriage Princess of Waldeck-Pyrmont When Christian III died in 1735, Caroline took over the Regency for five years, with the consent of Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian III, Count Palatine Of Zweibrücken
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term ''mashiach'' (מָשִׁיחַ) (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." It does not have a meaning of 'of Christ' or 'related or pertaining to Christ'. According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Amalie Of Hesse-Darmstadt
Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (20 June 1754 – 21 June 1832) was a Hereditary Princess of Baden by marriage to Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden. She was the daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Henriette Karoline of Palatine-Zweibrücken. Life Amalie was born in Prenzlau and was brought to St Petersburg with her mother in 1772 to visit the Russian court as one of the candidates for a marriage with the Tsarevich Paul Petrovich; Paul, however, decided upon her sister Wilhelmine. Hereditary Princess of Baden Amalie married her first cousin, Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden on 15 July 1775. He was the son of Margrave Charles Frederick (who in 1806, after his father's death, became the 1st Grand Duke of Baden) and Princess Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt, the daughter of Ludwig VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt. During her marriage, Amalie complained about her father-in-law's coldness and the childish behaviour of her husband. Amalie also miss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
