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Piłsudski Family
The Piłsudski family ( lt, Pilsudskis, ) is a family of nobility that originated in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and whose notability increased under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Second Polish Republic. The family was Polonized Lithuanian nobility that over time became part of the Polish nobility (''szlachta''); it has been called either a Polish noble family or a Polonized Lithuanian noble family. Its most famous member was Józef Piłsudski, described variously as a PoleJerzy Jan Lerski, ''Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945'', Greenwood Press, 1996, Google Print, p.439/ref> or as Polonized Polonization (or Polonisation; pl, polonizacja)In Polish historiography, particularly pre-WWII (e.g., L. Wasilewski. As noted in Смалянчук А. Ф. (Smalyanchuk 2001) Паміж краёвасцю і нацыянальнай ідэя ...-Lithuanian nobility, Lithuanian noble. The Piłsudskis date back to pagan times in Lithuania and are recorded from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g., Order of precedence, precedence), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically Hereditary title, hereditary and Patrilinearity, patrilineal. Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility. There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roch Mikołaj Piłsudski
Roch (lived c. 1348 – 15/16 August 1376/79 (traditionally c. 1295 – 16 August 1327, also called Rock in English, is a Catholic saint, a confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he is especially invoked against the plague. He has the designation of Rollox in Glasgow, Scotland, said to be a corruption of Roch's Loch, which referred to a small loch once near a chapel dedicated to Roch in 1506. He is a patron saint of dogs, invalids, falsely accused people, bachelors, and several other things. He is the patron saint of Dolo (near Venice) and Parma, as well as Casamassima, Cisterna di Latina and Palagiano (Italy). He is also the patron saint of the town of Albanchez, in Almeria, southern Spain. Saint Roch is known as "São Roque" in Portuguese, as "Sant Roc" in Catalan, as "San Roque" in Spanish (including in former colonies of the Spanish colonial empire such as the Philippines) and as "San Rocco" in Italian. Etymology Roch is given dif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jadwiga Piłsudska
Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska (; 28 February 1920 – 16 November 2014) was a Polish pilot, who served in the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War. She was one of two daughters of Józef Piłsudski. Life and career Piłsudska was born on 28 February 1920 in Warsaw, the younger daughter of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, Poland's Chief of State (1918–22) and dictator (1926–1935), by the woman who would later become his second wife, Aleksandra Piłsudska (née Aleksandra Szczerbińska). In 1937 Piłsudska began flying gliders and obtained a pilot's licence. In 1939 she graduated from secondary school and decided to study aircraft engineering at the Warsaw Polytechnic. In September 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany, initiating the Second World War, and her family realized that under the circumstances it would be prudent to leave the country immediately. Piłsudska fled with her mother and elder sister, Wanda, to Lithuania and eventually arrived in the United K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wanda Piłsudska
Wanda Piłsudska (7 February 1918 – 16 January 2001) was a daughter of Józef Piłsudski, and a psychiatrist by profession. Life Wanda Piłsudska, of the Piłsudski coat of arms, was the elder daughter of Józef Piłsudski and Aleksandra Szczerbińska. She spent her youth mainly in Warsaw, living with her family at the Belweder Palace, and in Sulejówek at the cottage of ''Milusin'', which Piłsudski had received as a gift from his soldiers. In September 1939, together with her mother and younger sister Jadwiga Piłsudska, Wanda was evacuated by special aeroplane via Sweden to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. She studied medicine in Edinburgh, then practiced psychiatry at a Polish hospital outside London. She also worked with the Józef Piłsudski Institute in London. In the autumn of 1990, Wanda returned for good to Poland. In November 2000 she regained the family cottage in Sulejówek, where she planned to create a museum dedicated to her fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Piłsudski
Jan Piłsudski (15 January 1876 – 21 December 1950), was a Polish politician and younger brother of Marshal Józef Piłsudski. Like his famous brother, Piłsudski was born in Zalavas ( pl, Zułów), Lithuania, in what was then the Russian Empire. He served in the Sejm of the Republic of Central Lithuania, and after its annexation to Poland in 1922, in various positions in the Polish government. He was Minister of Finance of Poland from 1931 to 1932. As a result of the defeat following the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939, Piłsudski was forced to flee, but was arrested by the Soviet NKVD in Vilnius (Wilno). He was freed as a result of a prisoner exchange in 1941, and went to the United Kingdom where he died in exile in 1950. He is buried in Wrexham, North East Wales, United Kingdom. References 1876 births 1950 deaths Finance Ministers of Poland People from Švenčionys District Municipality People from Sventsyansky Uyezd Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronisław Piłsudski
Bronisław Piotr Piłsudski (; ; 2 November 1866 – 17 May 1918) was an ethnologist, who researched the Ainu people after he was exiled by the Tsar Alexander III of Russia to the Far East. Piłsudski pioneered research into Lithuanian cross crafting. Bronisław Piłsudski considered himself Samogitian, Lithuanian and Polish. Therefore, some sources name him as a Lithuanian, while others as Polish. In addition to the Ainu, he conducted research on the Orork and Nivkh indigenous people of Sakhalin island. Early life Piłsudski was born on November 2, 1866 in the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire in present-day Lithuania. He was one of four brothers, including Józef, Adam, and Jan. Józef later served as the Chief of State and First Marshal of Poland. Bronisław and Józef Piłsudski moved to Vilnius in 1874, where they continued self-education for three years. After their mother's death in 1886, they left together for Saint Petersburg. Bronisław Piłsudski p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Piłsudski
Adam Piłsudski (Zalavas, 25 September 1869 - 16 December 1935) was a member of the Senate of Poland, vice president of Wilno, brother of the famous Józef Piłsudski. He was honored with the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. 1869 births 1935 deaths People from Švenčionys District Municipality People from Sventsyansky Uyezd Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1935–1938) Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta Burials at Rasos Cemetery Piłsudski family, Adam {{Poland-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz Cisek
Janusz Waldemar Cisek (February 8, 1955 – February 28, 2020) was a Polish historian, academic lecturer, director of the Pilsudski Institute and Polish Army Museum, from 2012 to 2013 Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Biography A graduate of the High School National Education Commission in Stalowa Wola, in 1980 he graduated from history at the Jagiellonian University. In 1993 he obtained a doctoral degree in humanities at the University of Wrocław based on the work entitled General Belarusian Branches of General Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz in the policy of Józef Piłsudski during the Polish-Bolshevik war (March-December 1920). In 2003 he was habilitated at the same university. In 2013 he received the title of professor of humanities. Initially, he worked in the Krakow archives. In 1986 he went to New York, worked at the Pilsudski Institute, serving as deputy director (1989–1992) and director (1992–2000) of this institution. After returning to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wacław Jędrzejewicz
General Wacław Jędrzejewicz (; 29 January 1893 – 30 November 1993) was a Polish Army officer, diplomat, politician and historian, and subsequently an American college professor. He was co-founder, president, and long-time executive director of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America. Life Jędrzejewicz was born in Spiczyńce, Russian Empire (prior to 1795 in Poland) to Polish parents. As a student at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków (1913–14), Jędrzejewicz joined Józef Piłsudski's Riflemen's Association (''Związek Strzelecki''). In 1915 he was one of the founders and leaders of the Polish Military Organisation (''Polska Organizacja Wojskowa'', or ''P.O.W.''). In August 1915 he brought his "Warsaw Battalion" into the Polish Legions' First Brigade, then fighting in Volhynia. In July 1917, during the Legions' "Oath Crisis" (precipitated by a demand from Germany and Austro-Hungary that the Polish Legionnaires swear loyalty to them), Jędrzejewicz was impriso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Vilnius
Bishops of Vilnius (Vilna, Wilna, Wilno) diocese from 1388 and archdiocese (archdiocese of Vilnius) from 1925:"Archdiocese of Vilnius" ''''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 11, 2016"Metropolitan Archdiocese of Vilnius" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved September 11, 2016 Auxiliary bishops * Cyprian Wiliński (Wiliski),[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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